DIY cordless screwdriver repair

In detail: do-it-yourself cordless screwdriver repair from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

A screwdriver is a mobile tool that makes it easier to work with fasteners and threaded connections. Until recently, cordless screwdrivers could only be found in the arsenal of professionals, but with the advent of inexpensive household models on the wide market, their popularity has increased dramatically.

Unlike expensive professional tools, budget counterparts have a smaller resource, which is why they fail more often.

One of the weakest points of a household screwdriver is the start button and reverse switch. As practice shows, it is they who break most often.

As a rule, it all starts with the fact that the soft start function stops working, then a stronger pull on the “trigger” is required to start the electric motor.

Over time, the tool completely ceases to respond to any manipulations. Often there is a problem of the opposite nature, when the motor starts to work spontaneously.

In some cases, to eliminate the defect, it is enough to disassemble the tool and clean it, although more often a complete screwdriver button replacement. In both the first and second cases, you can fix the problem with your own hands. About everything in order.

The screwdriver button is the main control element that performs several functions at once:

Turning on / turning on the tool;
Switching the direction of rotation;
Smooth start of the engine;
Turnover adjustment.

At the same time, each of the controls built into the button block cannot work correctly by itself. Except for the direction of rotation switch, which is often a separate function block.

Video (click to play).

The body in most cases consists of three conditional compartments in which the working units and mechanisms are located.

In the lower part of the case there is an on / off control unit and motor speed control.
The “trigger” of the soft start is located in the middle part (the deeper it is pressed in, the higher the rotation speed of the cartridge). The button, when pressed, slides in a special block along the guides, a variable resistor is responsible for adjusting the speed.
In the upper part there is a reverse button - a switch for the direction of rotation of the cartridge. The direction is changed by changing the polarity of the voltage applied to the switch.

This is approximately how all control units of screwdrivers of different brands are arranged. To get acquainted with the device of the button of a particular instrument model in more detail, we recommend that you study screwdriver button diagram (it is in the instructions).

To diagnose and repair a screwdriver, you will need the following tools:

As a result of the active use of any power tool, dirt inevitably accumulates inside its body.

Getting into the control unit, it prevents the full movement of the "trigger" and blocks it.

Therefore, before going to the store for a new block, you should try to clean the old one. The soot formed on the contacts should also be cleaned with fine sandpaper. If the button is non-separable, you will have to replace the entire unit.

Stages of diagnostics:

We disassemble the body of the instrument. To do this, disconnect the battery, unscrew all the screws (they can be hidden behind decorative trims that will have to be removed).
We check the health of the electric motor.To do this, we disconnect two power wires from the control unit and connect them to the battery contacts (the engine should start).
We disassemble the button of the screwdriver. To do this, press the plastic latches and separate the two parts of the button housing.
We make a visual inspection of the state of the button for dirt and damage.
Next, you need to carefully assemble the screwdriver button, install it in place and test it.

VIDEO INSTRUCTION

If cleaning the control unit does not work, the entire button unit must be replaced.

Disassemble the screwdriver (the process is described above);
Install a new button in place of the old one;
Connect the motor to the button terminals (observance of polarity in this case is optional);
Assemble the screwdriver, carefully placing the wires in the housing.

It is very important to choose a button for a specific screwdriver model, because with all the external similarity and visual correspondence, the part may not fit into the grooves. As a rule, new buttons are sold complete with battery terminals and a transistor.

Many people probably have electric screwdrivers, battery-powered flashlights, etc. at home. which do not have batteries.

My screwdriver has a fully charged battery for a couple of screws.

Batteries in a screwdriver are cadmium in flashlights, as a rule, they are all now quite problematic to get for replacement. What will the conversion of devices to lithium give us.

1. Simplify charging. Charging from micro usb, no need to look for where you put your native charger or where the wire from the flashlight.

2. Lithium battery is easier to find. For example, I generally took cans from an old battery from a laptop (you can find it either for free or for minimal money).

3. When replacing cadmium. There is no memory effect and you can charge at any time without waiting for full discharge.

4. Larger than regular battery capacity, often even when used. cans.

And so we need.

1. Charge controller board, for example, on a TP4056 chip. Sold by the Chinese on ali ebau and other sites. A clip will be sent for a dollar.

Available in two versions with and without overdischarge protection. With protection, it makes sense to use if the battery itself does not have a protection board. For batteries of the 18650 type and the like, the protection board is usually installed on the negative terminal, if the minus is not made of metal, but of textolite glass, then this is the protection board.

The boards are close in size. (left with protection, right without)

WARNING. For an electric screwdriver, battery protection cannot be used, the protection current is about 3A, and although the total consumption of the screwdriver is not large, the starting currents cut down the protection.

I give a diagram of the board with battery protection (found on the Internet). I will also add documents for microcircuits in the application.

Chinese boards have a charge current of 1A; if you want to charge from a computer port or from a weak charge, you must reduce the current to at least 0.5A. To do this, it is necessary to replace the 1.2K resistor connected to the second leg of the TP4056 microcircuit with a resistor of a higher rating, for a current of 0.5A, approximately with a resistance of 2.4K (a table of charging currents depending on the resistance is given in the document for the microcircuit).

I plan to be able to charge from a computer and replace this resistor. Soldered and cleaned the sites.

Since it was only available with a face value of 2.2K, it received a charge current of 0.52A. What I considered acceptable for charging from a computer port.

2. You can either buy a new battery or remove it, for example, from an old laptop battery.

In my battery there were 6 cans connected in pairs. It is advisable to disconnect all the batteries (in one of the pairs, one of the cans was completely dead) and measure the residual voltage. If there is a choice, then take banks with a large residual voltage, as a rule, and their remaining capacity is also larger, although of course it is better to measure the real capacity. The battery was 4000 mA i.e. at 2000 mA per jar, the residual capacity was approximately 1200-1400 mA, depending on the jar.

Metal strips of contacts are welded to the batteries; they do not need to be torn off, but simply cut between the banks. It is convenient and safe to solder wires to them.The metal on the contacts of the batteries themselves is harder to solder, and if you hold the soldering iron for more than a second, then there is a danger of overheating the battery, which will disable it up to a fire.

3. Wiring soldering iron tester needle files hot glue gun etc.

We remove the batteries and regular charging for them. (if there is a backlight and it is desirable for the flashlight to measure the current of the LEDs on a fully charged battery)

We figure out where to place the new battery and charging board.

Now one of the longest stages is the completion of the hull.

To speed it up, it is better to use mechanization.

For example, Chinese cutters.

But I like the old Soviet ones more, they have better control and they are less distracted. Unfortunately, they are harder to find for sale.

We select excess plastic, ensuring that the mini USB connector is minimally recessed.

We solder the circuit by connecting the battery and charging. And we check the operation of charging and a screwdriver, also if there are lighting LEDs, we measure the current consumption from lithium and the resistance of the quenching resistor.

If the current of the lighting LEDs is very different from the current on standard batteries, then we correct the resistance of the balanced resistor. I soldered another resistor in parallel.

Next, degrease the body and all parts with isopropyl alcohol or good galosh gasoline (ethyl alcohol does not degrease). And fill all the components with a hot glue gun. Surplus if that is not difficult to cut with a knife.

After assembly, pour glue from the gun into the holes that are designed to indicate charging.

When the glue has cooled down a little, it is easy to clean off the excess. As a result, the glue acts as a light guide and when charging, the battery is clearly visible.

Alteration of another screwdriver. Now the battery can be charged without taking it out of the screwdriver.

Its battery is removable. (After the rework, a micro USB connector and a charge indicator appeared on it)

A set of cadmium batteries and contacts were attached directly to the batteries.

Using hot glue, I made a clip of contacts.

I placed the charger in the back and soldered all the components.

Alteration of a flashlight with a lead battery and charging from the mains took even less time because nothing had to be undermined.

A screwdriver belongs to the category of tools that are often used not only in construction and repair work, but also in everyday life. Over time, any mechanism tends to break, which happens with screwdrivers. If such a thing happened, then there is no need to rush to throw away the tool, as you can perform an independent repair of the screwdriver. From this article, you will learn how to repair a screwdriver without resorting to the help of specialists.

Do-it-yourself repair of a screwdriver should begin with familiarization with its design. The main element of a screwdriver is an electric motor. Screwdrivers come in both mains and cordless types. The use of a mains screwdriver is less common, due to such a disadvantage as the need to connect the tool to a 220V network. Battery-type tools are more popular, as they allow you to carry out not only repair work at home, but also outside it.

The main components of a cordless screwdriver are:

Frame. Usually all screwdrivers are made of durable plastic.
Start button. It is designed in such a way that the number of revolutions of the cartridge depends on the force of pressing it.
Electric motor. Cordless tools use single-phase collector-type and DC motors. The engine consists of a rotor, a stator in the form of magnets, and a brush assembly.
Reducer.
Force regulator.
Reverse switch.
Battery. As a rule, it is removable and often comes with a double copy of the product.
Cartridge. As a rule, quick-release chucks are used.

Some models are additionally equipped with LED backlights, as well as battery charging indicators. Returning to problems with a screwdriver, it should be noted that any of the above elements can cause the tool to malfunction. What is needed for repair? The first step is to find the cause of the breakdown, and then make an appropriate decision to eliminate it. The tool can be divided into two parts: electrical and mechanical. Initially, you need to find out what the problem is with the inoperability of a screwdriver: in mechanics or electrics. It will not be difficult to do this, so let's consider the breakdowns in more detail.

It is possible to identify mechanical malfunctions of screwdrivers by such a sign as the audibility of the functioning of the electric motor. When you press the start button, you can hear signs of the operation of the electric motor, but the tool chuck does not rotate, or characteristic sounds of a malfunction are heard during rotation.

The device of a screwdriver is quite simple, but a significant drawback is that all the elements are almost 2-3 times smaller than on an electric drill. Possible mechanical failures of a screwdriver include the following malfunctions:

It should be noted that the small dimensions of the mechanical part of the tool somewhat complicate the process of repairing the tool, so be sure to be careful when carrying out repair work.Unlike drills, screwdrivers operate primarily on batteries. This means that different electric motors are used in the design of these tools. It is not difficult to determine the malfunction of the electrical part of the screwdriver. If the battery is charged, but when you press the "Start" button, the sound of the electric motor is not heard, then the cause is a breakdown in the electrician. Let's consider the main types of malfunctions of screwdrivers in the electrical part. Image - Cordless screwdriver do-it-yourself repair

Now you know the main signs and types of screwdriver malfunctions. To repair it, you do not need to be a specialist, but it is enough to stock up on tools and free time.A cordless screwdriver in terms of its functionality and dimensions is located in the middle between a conventional screwdriver and a screwdriver. Due to its lightness and compactness, this electric screwdriver works quickly with various fasteners, compared to a manual screwdriver. It is used for furniture assembly, repair and maintenance of various equipment. Plus, the tool can be made by hand.The cordless screwdriver is used for screwing and unscrewing various fasteners in non-solid materials, such as wood. The screwdriver battery is built into the handle, so the tool is small. The device can be used where it is not necessary to drill and strongly tighten fasteners, to work in narrow places and openings in which a screwdriver does not fit.Cordless screwdriver is used in furniture assembly, window installation, repair of household and computer equipment, car maintenance, when performing small household work.The tool is characterized by parameters that you need to know about:

battery voltage. This characteristic is equivalent to the power of network devices. With increasing voltage, the device has a greater efficiency. The maximum value is reached with a fully charged battery. Decreases over time until the screwdriver can still be turned on. During storage, the voltage also decreases. Therefore, after a long period of non-use of the tool, it must be fully charged;

battery type. Screwdrivers use three types of batteries:

nickel-cadmium Ni-Cd. Cheap, resistant to different temperatures. Due to the low resistance, they have high charge and discharge currents. They can be charged about 1000 times.But they are toxic due to cadmium, have a memory effect and a small capacity;
nickel-metal hydride Ni-MH. The memory effect is less than that of nickel-cadmium. Due to the higher density, their capacity is 25-35% more than the previous ones with the same dimensions. Not harmful to the environment. But they have less charge. It is undesirable to discharge them to the end;
lithium-ion Li-Ion. They have the highest capacity. Due to this, they decrease in size. They have no memory effect at all. During storage, they discharge very slowly. But they also have their drawbacks. Higher cost, short service life, and do not tolerate high and low temperatures;
Battery capacity. It depends on the operating time of the screwdriver. At high speeds under load, energy is consumed faster, so the operating time also depends on the intensity. For fast charging, lithium-ion batteries can be recharged partially;
battery device. There are two types of battery in a cordless screwdriver:
- removable. Installed in powerful devices, fast charging. Allows continuous operation if there is a replaceable battery;
- non-removable. located in the body. Such a tool has a low weight, size and cost. They are convenient to use. But the capacity is also small, so you have to charge often. And this leads to interruptions in work. After all, the battery is not removed from the case, and another cannot be put in its place;
- charge time. Depends on the type of battery and ranges from 1 to 10 hours;
- maximum torque. It determines the force of rotation. When interacting with the material, the moment decreases. Using the tool at high loads contributes to the rapid loss of battery power and wear of the screwdriver elements;
- maximum number of revolutions. This is the rotation of the shaft. With a screwdriver with a high number of revolutions, you can easily screw in self-tapping screws.
The main elements of a cordless screwdriver:
1. Power button.
2. Electric motor.
3. Reducer.
4. Spindle with tip. In some models, a cartridge is installed.
5. Battery.
6. Power on and battery charge indicator.
Battery screwdriver device

When the power button is pressed, the circuit is closed. The battery supplies power to the engine. He starts to work. The rotation is transmitted to the gearbox and to the tip with a hole. A bit or adapter is inserted into it for the possibility of using nuts.

A screwdriver can replace a cordless screwdriver, but a screwdriver does not always. Although these tools are similar in appearance, they have significant differences.

It cannot be said that one or another tool is better than another. The screwdriver is good for its power and drilling ability. A screwdriver is convenient in small dimensions and weight.

Match your needs and the cash threshold for a purchase. Familiarize yourself with the types and technical characteristics of screwdrivers.
Types of shape of cordless screwdrivers:
Cordless screwdrivers are classified into household and professional. The latter are more powerful due to the high torque and rpm.

When buying a tool, pay attention to the technical specifications and additional features:

A number of the most popular models for home and domestic use stand out:
A screwdriver is a mobile tool that makes it easier to work with fasteners and threaded connections.Until recently, cordless screwdrivers could only be found in the arsenal of professionals, but with the advent of inexpensive household models on the wide market, their popularity has increased dramatically.

Read also: Lifan breeze do-it-yourself repair
Unlike expensive professional tools, budget counterparts have a smaller resource, which is why they fail more often.

One of the weakest points of a household screwdriver is the start button and reverse switch. As practice shows, it is they who break most often.

As a rule, it all starts with the fact that the soft start function stops working, then a stronger pull on the “trigger” is required to start the electric motor.

Over time, the tool completely ceases to respond to any manipulations. Often there is a problem of the opposite nature, when the motor starts to work spontaneously.

In some cases, to eliminate the defect, it is enough to disassemble the tool and clean it, although more often a complete screwdriver button replacement. In both the first and second cases, you can fix the problem with your own hands. About everything in order.

The screwdriver button is the main control element that performs several functions at once:
- Turning on / turning on the tool;
- Switching the direction of rotation;
- Smooth start of the engine;
- Turnover adjustment.
At the same time, each of the controls built into the button block cannot work correctly by itself. Except for the direction of rotation switch, which is often a separate function block.

The body in most cases consists of three conditional compartments in which the working units and mechanisms are located.
1. In the lower part of the case there is an on / off control unit and motor speed control.
2. The “trigger” of the soft start is located in the middle part (the deeper it is pressed in, the higher the rotation speed of the cartridge). The button, when pressed, slides in a special block along the guides, a variable resistor is responsible for adjusting the speed.
3. In the upper part there is a reverse button - a switch for the direction of rotation of the cartridge. The direction is changed by changing the polarity of the voltage applied to the switch.
This is approximately how all control units of screwdrivers of different brands are arranged. To get acquainted with the device of the button of a particular instrument model in more detail, we recommend that you study screwdriver button diagram (it is in the instructions).

To diagnose and repair a screwdriver, you will need the following tools:

As a result of the active use of any power tool, dirt inevitably accumulates inside its body.

Getting into the control unit, it prevents the full movement of the "trigger" and blocks it.

Therefore, before going to the store for a new block, you should try to clean the old one. The soot formed on the contacts should also be cleaned with fine sandpaper. If the button is non-separable, you will have to replace the entire unit.

Stages of diagnostics:
1. We disassemble the body of the instrument. To do this, disconnect the battery, unscrew all the screws (they can be hidden behind decorative trims that will have to be removed).
2. We check the health of the electric motor. To do this, we disconnect two power wires from the control unit and connect them to the battery contacts (the engine should start).
3. We disassemble the button of the screwdriver. To do this, press the plastic latches and separate the two parts of the button housing.
4. We make a visual inspection of the state of the button for dirt and damage.
5. Next, you need to carefully assemble the screwdriver button, install it in place and test it.
VIDEO INSTRUCTION

If cleaning the control unit does not work, the entire button unit must be replaced.

Disassemble the screwdriver (the process is described above);
Install a new button in place of the old one;
Connect the motor to the button terminals (observance of polarity in this case is optional);
Assemble the screwdriver, carefully placing the wires in the housing.

Hey! Today we will repair the battery of a screwdriver. Do you know that the history of the creation of a screwdriver goes back to the deep Middle Ages - as far back as the 15th century, when knights put on armor before battle, and squires helped them twist parts of the armor, guess what? Screwdriver!

This went on for a long time, until in 1907 the Canadian inventor Peter Robertson patented the Robertson screw with a standard square hole into which the tip of a screwdriver was inserted. Since that time, screws have been produced on an industrial scale and used in the household. Later, in 1934, the inventor Henry Phillips modified the screw head and a cross-cut screw appeared, into which an appropriate screwdriver was inserted. By that time, the engine had already been invented and the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a “screw and screw rotator” was in the air. However, there were big problems with the batteries - their weight and dimensions. The problem was solved only in the 1980s, when the first nickel-cadmium Ni-Cd and lithium-ion Li-Ion batteries appeared.

The United States and Japan were the first to master the production of household and professional cordless drills and screwdrivers. All this happened thanks to the emergence of new energy-intensive batteries of electricity. We will urgently change them inside the Interskol DA-10 / 10.8 ER cordless drill-driver that fell into my hands. The error was - when the button is pressed, the engine simply does not spin, but the LED lights up, but the light was weak.

Let's start repairing the screwdriver battery. We remove the battery from the handle of the screwdriver and unscrew the three self-tapping screws, which are located under the sticker from the bottom.

After unscrewing the screws, carefully move the hooks of the latches, as in the photo. And remove the lower part of the plastic case of the battery.

Inside we see lithium-ion banks Chinese company HighStar model ISR18650-1300 Li-Ion. This means that the batteries have never been changed. Because it is known that Interskol buys batteries from this company and inserts them into almost all of its cordless tools.

The photo below shows the insides of a screwdriver battery in all its glory with three cans, which were produced already in 2011. These batteries lasted five years during active use at a construction site. So the result is very worthy. Usually they die earlier, probably they were not exploited in frosts.

To replace the battery banks, you need to disassemble it even more. I advise you to remember the location of the plus, minus and charging contacts so as not to confuse the wires during reassembly.

Pay attention to the voltage control board on the batteries - especially often stabilizers and protective diodes fail on it. Be sure to ring the suspicious radio elements on this board with a multimeter.

We check the voltage at the battery output - it turned out 4.4 volts, and it should be 3.7 x 3 \u003d 11.1 volts is normal and 10.8 volts with a minimum battery charge. In general, the banks are dead - they need to be changed unambiguously.

This can be done in several ways - you can unsolder the wires that go to the board.

You can also simply remove the contacts from the top cover of the batteries. The photo shows the shape of the bent contacts, so you can easily remove them yourself.

Under the plastic cover we see how the batteries are connected to each other. Their spot welded. This solution is used in almost any battery of another tool. This is a reliable and gentle battery connection. At the same time, the destructive heating of the lithium batteries themselves is minimal.

Carefully tear off or bite off the metal tape with wire cutters to disconnect the cans from each other. From the side of the board, they were also connected together with a tape and put on glue on a cardboard gasket. This is done so as not to short anything on the board. You need to remember to put it back in place when reassembling the battery.

Due to the lack of a spot welding machine, new lithium-ion batteries will be soldered very quickly with a well-heated powerful soldering iron. We remember that heating lithium-ion batteries reduces their service life and is generally explosive.

Pay special attention to the condition of the wires inside the battery. They may be broken or frayed. They need to be isolated or replaced with fresh ones. Since I was repairing the battery of a screwdriver on the road in the field, I had to apply an ingenious invention of the engineering mind. He took out a blue radio technical tape.

When disassembling the battery of the Interskol DA-10 / 10.8 ER screwdriver, I was pleasantly surprised - a temperature sensor was installed in the budget screwdriver to control the temperature of the batteries. It turns out that when the lithium cans overheat, the protection circuit turns off the power until the temperature is restored to normal. True, the owner never managed to drive him into such a mode. We carefully tear off this temperature sensor so as not to break it - then we will place it in the same place on new cans.

can be done in different ways, for example with thick wires. I decided to solder a torn off metal strip taken from old cans. First, I tinned the tapes in places of future contacts on both sides. Later a well-heated soldering iron with a drop of solder tinned the battery contacts. But so that they do not get very hot - let them cool down. Then he pressed the tape to the contacts of the cans and soldered the tape again without strong overheating of the battery cans.

Negative leads are the most difficult to solder, but with a good flux, things go very quickly. True, it is better to wash the flux after all for the cleanliness of the insides of the battery.

Now the most important thing. What batteries were used when repairing the battery of the Interskol DA-10/10.8 ER screwdriver, you ask? Well, I will not hide. These were the most cheap Chinese cans that the owner of the device honestly bought in a store. 18650 batteries Bailong company with a fictitious capacity of 8800 mAh. This is of course a laugh and God forbid that they have 2200 mAh. Judging by how long the screwdriver worked after the repair on a full charge. I would double that number. But nevertheless, the screwdriver was urgently repaired and it pleases the owner.

When assembling, do not forget to put back the cardboard spacer between the banks and the board. This is so that fresh soldering does not close anything on the board.

This completes the repair and restoration of the lithium-ion battery of the Interskol DA-10/10.8 ER screwdriver. Almost all batteries are repaired in approximately the same way. popular manufacturers of screwdrivers: Bosch, Makita, DeWALT, Metabo, Hitachi, Elitech, Skil and my favorite Bison. This concludes my story about repairing the battery of a screwdriver. Ask questions in the comments. And even better, in the appropriate thread on our forum or write to the mail personally to the Soldering Master.

Yours sincerely, Pike Master. Happy repairs!

A screwdriver can be safely classified as a tool that quite often has to be used not only in everyday life, but also for working on construction sites. But, like any complex technical accessory, the product can break. How to repair a screwdriver yourself, we will consider in this text.

Equipment in the construction market, where screwdrivers occupy a separate place, is quite large. Many models have individual criteria, are characterized by assembly quality and cost. However, most models are characterized by the basic principles of operation and internal design.

The basic elements of any screwdriver include:

the presence of an electric motor;
planetary reductor;
adjustable functional button "Start";
reverse switch;
effort regulator;
power unit.

The electric motor is powered by a DC network, structurally represented by a cylindrical shape. Inside is an anchor with brushes and magnets. A feature of the electrical circuit of the motor suggests that the direction of the supply voltage flow will be directed to the brushes. When the supplied polarity is reversed, the motor reverses.

The planetary gearbox is an important element capable of converting the high-frequency vibrations of the electric motor shaft into low-frequency revolutions of the cartridge shaft. As a rule, these parts are made of wear-resistant plastic or metal. Many screwdrivers are equipped with 2 speed gearboxes. Switching to the first speed mode is necessary for working with self-tapping screws, and at the second speed it is possible to drill in a wood, plastic base or metal.

The "Start" key starts the device. It is able to control the number of revolutions, providing the ability to choose the optimal rotation speed for the cartridge shaft. Accordingly, a strong pressure will drive the engine at high speeds, and with a decrease in pressure, the power criterion will weaken.

The reverse switch is necessary for carrying out operations to change the rotational direction of the screwdriver motor. This functionality is convenient to use not only for tightening, but also for unscrewing screws.

Regarding the force regulator, we can say that it determines the speed of tightening the screws. The current models provide a 16-step adjustable gradation, which allows you to determine with maximum accuracy and convenience what puff speed is relevant when working with different materials.

The screwdriver is powered by batteries of overall size, where the power of the supply voltage (depending on the model device) can range from 9 to 18V.

If at some point you find that your screwdriver does not turn on, then most likely it has some kind of malfunction. Practical experience shows that the inoperability of the tool can be observed for two reasons:

the breakdown is related to the electronics of the device;
failure may be mechanical.

Understanding the objective causes of electrical breakdown, we can note its characteristic features:

the product stops responding to switching on;
the device has ceased to regulate speed;
reverse operation has failed.

Mechanical problems with a screwdriver include problems with wear of internal parts, for example, a characteristic ratchet of the mechanism is heard. As a rule, a faulty screwdriver will begin to make characteristic sounds, where, for example, bushings have worn out or a bearing has collapsed. Often this happens on a hammer instrument.

For example, if the tool stops turning on, then initially you need to check the health of the battery. If the breakdown does not disappear when the device is based on charging, then you will have to arm yourself with a multimeter and start scanning the device in search of the root cause. First of all, take a look at the voltage indicated on the case of the device and compare it with the measurements on the battery. The data should roughly match.If the voltage is too low, then most likely the problem lies in the charger or battery pack.For example, the charger can be checked with a multimeter by plugging it into the network and taking measurements at the terminals of the device at idle. It is important that the voltage criterion be somewhat higher than the nominal one. In a situation where there is no voltage, then, unambiguously, the culprit of the breakdown is the charging unit. Screwdrivers of the company Interskol "get sick" with this rather frequent problem. In general, to fix the defect, you will need specific knowledge in electronics or you will need to purchase a new unit.If you find a battery problem, for example, with a Makita screwdriver, you can open this block with your own hands, where the power elements are located. As a result of the opening, it is necessary to conduct research on the connecting wires and make sure that the soldering is of high quality. If no visible defects are found, then using a scanner, voltage measurements in each element should be made. The values should show 0.9 - 1V voltage power. If a block with a low voltage indicator is found in a row, then it must be replaced.

When everything is in order with the battery and charging goes without problems, but the tool refuses to activate, it will check the operation of the device button. To do this, you will have to disassemble the device and on its terminals coming from the button, you should measure the voltage with a multimeter, which is supplied at the input of the button. It is necessary to carry out the operation with an active battery. If the signal is on, then the battery must be removed and its contacts shorted using clamps. On the multimeter, you need to switch to ohm mode. The screwdriver button is clamped all the way and measures the output voltage. If the value of the resistance readings on the device tends to zero, then the button is working properly. And this means that the problem should be looked for in brushes or other motor modules. If a break in the signal is detected, it is recommended to repair the button, thereby returning the screwdriver to the working system of tools.

Quite often, problems with buttons are associated with poor contact at the terminals. You can simply clean the contacts with sandpaper and the problem will be solved. The main thing is that in the process of disassembling and assembling the device, do everything carefully, without losing parts.

Gearbox failure refers to one of the mechanical problems with a screwdriver. Some of the most common reduction block problems include:

physical curvature of the axis of the reduction shaft;
a clear defect in the working surface of the gears;
failure of the shaft support sleeve or the original bearing;
breakage of the pin where the satellites are fixed.

To correct these defects, it will be necessary to physically replace the defective parts, therefore, this type of repair should be entrusted to qualified specialists who are able to correctly and accurately diagnose the breakdown and eliminate it.

Video (click to play).