Igor isaychev DIY brick oven repair

DIY brick oven repair

In connection with the rapid development of summer cottage and suburban construction, the interest of present and future homeowners in heating devices, including brick stoves, is not only waning, but steadily growing from year to year. However, despite the fact that a furnace built with strict adherence to technologies and from high-quality materials should function without any problems for at least half a century, often, due to various reasons of an objective and subjective nature, it begins to deteriorate much earlier than it reaches its intended resource.

Similar problems, as a rule, plague stoves made in the eighties and nineties of the last century due to the fact that, in addition to the considerable age of heating devices, the shortage of building materials that existed at that time did not leave stove-makers much choice and they built from what actually could get it.

The most common defects of brick ovens that occur during operation are the following: cracking of seams with partial or complete spilling of masonry mortar; cracking or complete destruction of the bricks from which the furnace body is built; thermal deformation, loosening, or falling out of furnace appliances.

Violation of the tightness of the firebox, cooking surfaces and convective (smoke) channels due to the suction of parasitic cold air leads not only to a noticeable decrease in efficiency and increased smoke of the stove, but also, most importantly, significantly increases the risk of fire due to accidental spark formation or the release of flame through the formed cracks ...

Of course, ideally, a specialist stove-maker should be involved in repairing a damaged heater, but our capabilities do not always coincide with our desires. That is why this manual sets out in detail ways to eliminate the most common damage to brick ovens, so that any homeowner with even minimal construction skills, if it is impossible for any reason to attract a professional stove-maker for repairs, can independently restore the functioning of his heater.

Materials used for repair

In order to carry out repairs, first of all, you need to decide on the materials that will be used for its implementation. You will need: brick, masonry mixture, heat-resistant basalt materials, stove appliances (grate, ash pan and firebox doors, cleaning doors, cooking floor) to replace those that have become unusable.

In the walls of the furnace, in places where there is no direct contact with fire, exclusively solid ceramic bricks are laid, either ordinary or building bricks. It makes sense to dispel the persistent myth about the so-called "oven brick". Special “oven bricks” do not exist in nature, except for industrial fire-resistant fireclay bricks, which are able to withstand temperatures above 1800 ° C. As for ceramic bricks, for furnace construction, including repairs, it is used, I emphasize again, exclusively solid brick without visible damage - chips, cracks and especially cracks.In furnace construction, strength characteristics, that is, the figure from 75 to 500, following the letter "M", and denoting the load in kilograms per square centimeter, withstood by the brick until complete destruction, is not so important. For the repair of the furnace, however, as well as for construction, a brick of the M-75 brand is quite acceptable, as long as it is of a sufficiently high quality and does not have defects in the form of cracks. When repairing the firebox, that is, the part where the firewood is directly burned, heat-resistant fireclay bricks are used.

Currently, there are a sufficient number of ready-made clay-sand mixtures from various manufacturers on the market. The use of handicraft clay-sand mortar is not recommended, since there are many features of its preparation. In the event of a violation of the technology for preparing an artisanal mortar from clay, an incorrect selection of the sand fraction or a violation of the proportions, the solution will not have the required strength, which will lead to the premature destruction of the heating device and the repairs carried out will lose all meaning.

A common feature of clay-sand mortars, made both by production and handicraft methods, is a strict requirement for the thickness of the masonry joint, which for ceramic bricks outside the fuel zone should not be more than 5 mm. In fact, such characteristics of the seam are not a kind of force for a bricklayer, but an obligatory technological requirement. The fact is that a clay-sand mortar is used in furnace construction solely because it has the same coefficient of thermal expansion with a brick, and a seam thicker than 5 mm loses significantly in strength when heated.

However, in the case of repairs, it is far from always possible to ensure the required seam thickness. Therefore, the "PlitonitSuperkamin Termokladka" mixture, produced by the "Plitonit" company, which in real life allows seams up to 15 mm thick, is most suitable for repair purposes. In favor of "Thermo-laying" is also said that, unlike clay-sand solutions, the time of complete drying of which, depending on temperature conditions, reaches up to a month, products stacked on this solution can be used after 10 days.

Most recently, a well-known manufacturer of furnace mixtures from Borovichi has launched a new product on the market: Firepropf Optima refractory mixture for the repair of furnace chambers. A feature of this product, according to the manufacturer, is that the new mixture can be used even at negative ambient temperatures, down to -5 ° C, unlike all others, which are used exclusively at positive temperatures.

Of the stove appliances, grates exposed to maximum heat load, as well as cooking floors and firebox doors, most often suffer. Unfortunately, the low quality of domestic cast iron often leads not only to warping of these products, but also to complete destruction.

Most of the doors made of domestic castings do not have the necessary tightness, which, when fired, leads to the flow of excessive volumes of cold air into the fuel part, which reduces the efficiency of the furnace.

However, in fairness, it should be noted that recently there has been some progress in improving the quality of manufacturing firebox doors. In particular, the main supplier of the Russian cast-iron furnace casting, the Litkom plant, located in the city of Rubtsovsk, has launched the production of sealed furnace doors equipped with heat-resistant glass, which are similar in parameters to imported products. Nevertheless, practicing stove-makers still prefer to work with stove devices of the Finnish companies SVT and Pisla, which are currently optimal in terms of price-quality characteristics.

To protect combustible structures of buildings, heat-resistant basalt materials are used, a wide range of which is offered by the Rocwool company, for example, such as FIAR BATTS slabs, including in the foil version, WIRED MAT mats, the temperature limit of which before the start of destruction is +750 ° C, as well as CONLIT 150 boards, capable of withstanding exposure to open fire (over +1000 ° C) for up to 240 minutes. To compensate for the thermal expansion of metal inserts in the furnace body, asbestos was previously used, but due to its carcinogenicity, basalt BVTM cardboard with a thickness of 5 to 10 mm is currently used instead of asbestos-containing materials.

The manual "Do-it-yourself brick stove repair", prepared by a professional practitioner stove-maker, contains valuable practical instructions for repairing heating devices, illustrated with unique photographic materials. This book will certainly be a valuable resource for the DIY master.

DIY brick oven repair

In connection with the rapid development of summer cottage and suburban construction, the interest of present and future homeowners in heating devices, including brick stoves, is not only waning, but steadily growing from year to year. However, despite the fact that a furnace built with strict adherence to technologies and of high-quality materials should function without any problems for at least half a century, often, due to various objective and subjective reasons, it begins to deteriorate much earlier than it reaches its intended resource.

Similar problems, as a rule, plague stoves made in the eighties and nineties of the last century due to the fact that, in addition to the considerable age of heating devices, the shortage of building materials that existed at that time did not leave stove-makers much choice and they built from what actually could get it.

The most common defects of brick ovens that occur during operation are the following: cracking of seams with partial or complete spilling of masonry mortar; cracking or complete destruction of the bricks from which the furnace body is built; thermal deformation, loosening, or falling out of furnace appliances.

Violation of the tightness of the firebox, cooking surfaces and convective (smoke) channels due to the suction of parasitic cold air leads not only to a noticeable decrease in efficiency and increased smoking of the stove, but also, most importantly, significantly increases the risk of fire due to accidental spark formation or the release of flame through the formed cracks ...

Of course, ideally, a specialist stove-maker should be involved in repairing a damaged heater, but our capabilities do not always coincide with our desires. That is why this manual sets out in detail ways to eliminate the most common damage to brick ovens, so that any homeowner with even minimal construction skills, if it is impossible for any reason to attract a professional stove-maker for repairs, can independently restore the functioning of his heater.

Materials used for repair

In order to carry out repairs, first of all, you need to decide on the materials that will be used for its implementation. You will need: brick, masonry mixture, heat-resistant basalt materials, stove appliances (spike, ash-pan and firebox doors, cleaning doors, cooking floor) to replace those that have become unusable.

In the walls of the furnace, in places where there is no direct contact with fire, exclusively solid ceramic bricks are laid, either ordinary or building bricks. It makes sense to dispel the persistent myth about the so-called "oven brick".Special "oven bricks" do not exist in nature, except for industrial heat-resistant fireclay bricks, which are able to withstand temperatures above 1800 ° C. As for ceramic bricks, for furnace construction, including repairs, it is used, I emphasize once again, exclusively solid brick without visible damage - chips, cracks and especially cracks. In furnace construction, strength characteristics, that is, the figure from 75 to 500, following the letter "M", and denoting the load in kilograms per square centimeter, withstood by the brick until complete destruction, is not so important. For the repair of the furnace, however, as well as for construction, a brick of the M-75 brand is quite acceptable, as long as it is of a sufficiently high quality and does not have defects in the form of cracks. When repairing the firebox, that is, the part where the firewood is directly burned, heat-resistant fireclay bricks are used.

Currently, there are a sufficient number of ready-made clay-sand mixtures from various manufacturers on the market. The use of handicraft clay-sand mortar is not recommended, since there are many features of its preparation. In the event of a violation of the technology for preparing an artisanal mortar from clay, an incorrect selection of the sand fraction or a violation of the proportions, the solution will not have the required strength, which will lead to the premature destruction of the heating device and the repairs carried out will lose all meaning.

A common feature of glia-sand mortars, made both by production and handicraft methods, is a strict requirement for the thickness of the masonry joint, which for ceramic bricks outside the fuel zone should not be more than 5 mm. In fact, such characteristics of the seam are not a kind of force for a bricklayer, but an obligatory technological requirement. The fact is that clay-sand mortar is used in furnace construction solely because it has the same coefficient of thermal expansion as a brick, and a seam thicker than 5 mm significantly loses strength when heated.

However, in the case of repairs, it is far from always possible to ensure the required seam thickness. Therefore, the mixture "Plitonit Superkamin Termokladka", produced by the company "Plitonit", in real life allowing seams up to 15 mm thick, is most suitable for repair purposes. The fact that, unlike clay-sand solutions, the time of complete drying of which, depending on temperature conditions, reaches up to a month, also speaks in favor of "Thermo-laying", products folded on this solution can be used after 10 days.

Most recently, a well-known manufacturer of furnace mixtures from Borovichi has launched a new product on the market: Firepropf Optima refractory mixture for the repair of furnace chambers. A feature of this product, according to the manufacturer, is that the new mixture can be used even at negative ambient temperatures, down to -5 ° C, unlike all others, which are used exclusively at positive temperatures.

Of the stove appliances, grates exposed to maximum heat load, as well as cooking floors and firebox doors, most often suffer. Unfortunately, the low quality of domestic cast iron often leads not only to warpage of these products, but also to complete destruction.

Most of the doors made of domestic castings do not have the necessary tightness, which, when fired, leads to the flow of excessive volumes of cold air into the fuel part, which reduces the efficiency of the furnace.

In connection with the rapid development of summer cottage and suburban construction, the interest of present and future homeowners in heating devices, including brick stoves, is not only waning, but steadily growing from year to year.However, despite the fact that a furnace built with strict adherence to technologies and of high-quality materials should function without any problems for at least half a century, often, due to various objective and subjective reasons, it begins to deteriorate much earlier than it reaches its intended resource.

Similar problems, as a rule, plague stoves made in the eighties and nineties of the last century due to the fact that, in addition to the considerable age of heating devices, the shortage of building materials that existed at that time did not leave stove-makers much choice and they built from what actually could get it.

The most common defects of brick ovens that occur during operation are the following: cracking of seams with partial or complete spilling of masonry mortar; cracking or complete destruction of the bricks from which the furnace body is built; thermal deformation, loosening, or falling out of furnace appliances.

Violation of the tightness of the firebox, cooking surfaces and convective (smoke) channels due to the suction of parasitic cold air leads not only to a noticeable decrease in efficiency and increased smoking of the stove, but also, most importantly, significantly increases the risk of fire due to accidental spark formation or the release of flame through the formed cracks ...

Of course, ideally, a specialist stove-maker should be involved in repairing a damaged heater, but our capabilities do not always coincide with our desires. That is why this manual sets out in detail ways to eliminate the most common damage to brick ovens, so that any homeowner with even minimal construction skills, if it is impossible for any reason to attract a professional stove-maker for repairs, can independently restore the functioning of his heater.

Materials used for repair

In order to carry out repairs, first of all, you need to decide on the materials that will be used for its implementation. You will need: brick, masonry mixture, heat-resistant basalt materials, stove appliances (spike, ash-pan and firebox doors, cleaning doors, cooking floor) to replace those that have become unusable.

In the walls of the furnace, in places where there is no direct contact with fire, exclusively solid ceramic bricks are laid, either ordinary or building bricks. It makes sense to dispel the persistent myth about the so-called "oven brick". Special "oven bricks" do not exist in nature, except for industrial heat-resistant fireclay bricks, which are able to withstand temperatures above 1800 ° C. As for ceramic bricks, for furnace construction, including repairs, it is used, I emphasize once again, exclusively solid brick without visible damage - chips, cracks and especially cracks. In furnace construction, strength characteristics, that is, the figure from 75 to 500, following the letter "M", and denoting the load in kilograms per square centimeter, withstood by the brick until complete destruction, is not so important. For the repair of the furnace, however, as well as for construction, a brick of the M-75 brand is quite acceptable, as long as it is of a sufficiently high quality and does not have defects in the form of cracks. When repairing the firebox, that is, the part where the firewood is directly burned, heat-resistant fireclay bricks are used.

Currently, there are a sufficient number of ready-made clay-sand mixtures from various manufacturers on the market. The use of handicraft clay-sand mortar is not recommended, since there are many features of its preparation.In the event of a violation of the technology for preparing an artisanal mortar from clay, an incorrect selection of the sand fraction or a violation of the proportions, the solution will not have the required strength, which will lead to the premature destruction of the heating device and the repairs carried out will lose all meaning.

A common feature of glia-sand mortars, made both by production and handicraft methods, is a strict requirement for the thickness of the masonry joint, which for ceramic bricks outside the fuel zone should not be more than 5 mm. In fact, such characteristics of the seam are not a kind of force for a bricklayer, but an obligatory technological requirement. The fact is that clay-sand mortar is used in furnace construction solely because it has the same coefficient of thermal expansion as a brick, and a seam thicker than 5 mm significantly loses strength when heated.

However, in the case of repairs, it is far from always possible to ensure the required seam thickness. Therefore, the mixture "Plitonit Superkamin Termokladka", produced by the company "Plitonit", in real life allowing seams up to 15 mm thick, is most suitable for repair purposes. The fact that, unlike clay-sand solutions, the time of complete drying of which, depending on temperature conditions, reaches up to a month, also speaks in favor of "Thermo-laying", products folded on this solution can be used after 10 days.

Most recently, a well-known manufacturer of furnace mixtures from Borovichi has launched a new product on the market: Firepropf Optima refractory mixture for the repair of furnace chambers. A feature of this product, according to the manufacturer, is that the new mixture can be used even at negative ambient temperatures, down to -5 ° C, unlike all others, which are used exclusively at positive temperatures.

Of the stove appliances, grates exposed to maximum heat load, as well as cooking floors and firebox doors, most often suffer. Unfortunately, the low quality of domestic cast iron often leads not only to warpage of these products, but also to complete destruction.

Most of the doors made of domestic castings do not have the necessary tightness, which, when fired, leads to the flow of excessive volumes of cold air into the fuel part, which reduces the efficiency of the furnace.

However, in fairness, it should be noted that recently there has been some progress in improving the quality of manufacturing firebox doors. In particular, the main supplier of the Russian cast iron furnace casting, the Litkom plant, located in the city of Rubtsovsk, has launched the production of sealed furnace doors equipped with heat-resistant glass, which are similar in parameters to imported products. Nevertheless, practicing stove-makers still prefer to work with stove devices of the Finnish companies SVT and Pisla, which are currently optimal in terms of price-quality characteristics.

To protect combustible structures of buildings, heat-resistant basalt materials are used, a wide range of which is offered by Rocwool, for example, such as FIAR BATTS slabs, including in the foil version, WIRED MAT mats, the temperature limit of which before the start of destruction is +750 ° C, as well as CONLIT 150 boards, which can withstand exposure to open fire (over +1000 ° C) for up to 240 minutes. To compensate for the thermal expansion of metal inserts in the furnace body, asbestos was previously used, but due to its carcinogenicity, basalt BVTM cardboard with a thickness of 5 to 10 mm is currently used instead of asbestos-containing materials.

The manual "Do-it-yourself brick stove repair", prepared by a professional practitioner stove-maker, contains valuable practical instructions for repairing heating devices, illustrated with unique photographic materials.This book will certainly be a valuable resource for the DIY master.

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DIY brick oven repair

In connection with the rapid development of summer cottage and suburban construction, the interest of present and future homeowners in heating devices, including brick stoves, is not only waning, but steadily growing from year to year. However, despite the fact that a furnace built with strict adherence to technologies and of high-quality materials should function without any problems for at least half a century, often, due to various objective and subjective reasons, it begins to deteriorate much earlier than it reaches its intended resource.

Similar problems, as a rule, plague stoves made in the eighties and nineties of the last century due to the fact that, in addition to the considerable age of heating devices, the shortage of building materials that existed at that time did not leave stove-makers much choice and they built from what actually could get it.

The most common defects of brick ovens that occur during operation are the following: cracking of seams with partial or complete spilling of masonry mortar; cracking or complete destruction of the bricks from which the furnace body is built; thermal deformation, loosening, or falling out of furnace appliances.

Violation of the tightness of the firebox, cooking surfaces and convective (smoke) channels due to the suction of parasitic cold air leads not only to a noticeable decrease in efficiency and increased smoking of the stove, but also, most importantly, significantly increases the risk of fire due to accidental spark formation or the release of flame through the formed cracks ...

Of course, ideally, a specialist stove-maker should be involved in repairing a damaged heater, but our capabilities do not always coincide with our desires.That is why this manual sets out in detail ways to eliminate the most common damage to brick ovens, so that any homeowner with even minimal construction skills, if it is impossible for any reason to attract a professional stove-maker for repairs, can independently restore the functioning of his heater.

Materials used for repair

In order to carry out repairs, first of all, you need to decide on the materials that will be used for its implementation. You will need: brick, masonry mixture, heat-resistant basalt materials, stove appliances (spike, ash-pan and firebox doors, cleaning doors, cooking floor) to replace those that have become unusable.

In the walls of the furnace, in places where there is no direct contact with fire, exclusively solid ceramic bricks are laid, either ordinary or building bricks. It makes sense to dispel the persistent myth about the so-called "oven brick". Special "oven bricks" do not exist in nature, except for industrial heat-resistant fireclay bricks, which are able to withstand temperatures above 1800 ° C. As for ceramic bricks, for furnace construction, including repairs, it is used, I emphasize once again, exclusively solid brick without visible damage - chips, cracks and especially cracks. In furnace construction, strength characteristics, that is, the figure from 75 to 500, following the letter "M", and denoting the load in kilograms per square centimeter, withstood by the brick until complete destruction, is not so important. For the repair of the furnace, however, as well as for construction, a brick of the M-75 brand is quite acceptable, as long as it is of a sufficiently high quality and does not have defects in the form of cracks. When repairing the firebox, that is, the part where the firewood is directly burned, heat-resistant fireclay bricks are used.

Currently, there are a sufficient number of ready-made clay-sand mixtures from various manufacturers on the market. The use of handicraft clay-sand mortar is not recommended, since there are many features of its preparation. In the event of a violation of the technology for preparing an artisanal mortar from clay, an incorrect selection of the sand fraction or a violation of the proportions, the solution will not have the required strength, which will lead to the premature destruction of the heating device and the repairs carried out will lose all meaning.

A common feature of glia-sand mortars, made both by production and handicraft methods, is a strict requirement for the thickness of the masonry joint, which for ceramic bricks outside the fuel zone should not be more than 5 mm. In fact, such characteristics of the seam are not a kind of force for a bricklayer, but an obligatory technological requirement. The fact is that clay-sand mortar is used in furnace construction solely because it has the same coefficient of thermal expansion as a brick, and a seam thicker than 5 mm significantly loses strength when heated.

However, in the case of repairs, it is far from always possible to ensure the required seam thickness. Therefore, the mixture "Plitonit Superkamin Termokladka", produced by the company "Plitonit", in real life allowing seams up to 15 mm thick, is most suitable for repair purposes. The fact that, unlike clay-sand solutions, the time of complete drying of which, depending on temperature conditions, reaches up to a month, also speaks in favor of "Thermo-laying", products folded on this solution can be used after 10 days.

Most recently, a well-known manufacturer of furnace mixtures from Borovichi has launched a new product on the market: Firepropf Optima refractory mixture for the repair of furnace chambers.A feature of this product, according to the manufacturer, is that the new mixture can be used even at negative ambient temperatures, down to -5 ° C, unlike all others, which are used exclusively at positive temperatures.

Of the stove appliances, grates exposed to maximum heat load, as well as cooking floors and firebox doors, most often suffer. Unfortunately, the low quality of domestic cast iron often leads not only to warpage of these products, but also to complete destruction.

Most of the doors made of domestic castings do not have the necessary tightness, which, when fired, leads to the flow of excessive volumes of cold air into the fuel part, which reduces the efficiency of the furnace.

However, in fairness, it should be noted that recently there has been some progress in improving the quality of manufacturing firebox doors. In particular, the main supplier of the Russian cast iron furnace casting, the Litkom plant, located in the city of Rubtsovsk, has launched the production of sealed furnace doors equipped with heat-resistant glass, which are similar in parameters to imported products. Nevertheless, practicing stove-makers still prefer to work with stove devices of the Finnish companies SVT and Pisla, which are currently optimal in terms of price-quality characteristics.

To protect combustible structures of buildings, heat-resistant basalt materials are used, a wide range of which is offered by Rocwool, for example, such as FIAR BATTS slabs, including in the foil version, WIRED MAT mats, the temperature limit of which before the start of destruction is +750 ° C, as well as CONLIT 150 boards, which can withstand exposure to open fire (over +1000 ° C) for up to 240 minutes. To compensate for the thermal expansion of metal inserts in the furnace body, asbestos was previously used, but due to its carcinogenicity, basalt BVTM cardboard with a thickness of 5 to 10 mm is currently used instead of asbestos-containing materials.

Description and summary of "Do-it-yourself brick oven repair" read for free online.

DIY brick oven repair

In connection with the rapid development of summer cottage and suburban construction, the interest of present and future homeowners in heating devices, including brick stoves, is not only waning, but steadily growing from year to year. However, despite the fact that a furnace built with strict adherence to technologies and of high-quality materials should function without any problems for at least half a century, often, due to various objective and subjective reasons, it begins to deteriorate much earlier than it reaches its intended resource.

Similar problems, as a rule, plague stoves made in the eighties and nineties of the last century due to the fact that, in addition to the considerable age of heating devices, the shortage of building materials that existed at that time did not leave stove-makers much choice and they built from what actually could get it.

The most common defects of brick ovens that occur during operation are the following: cracking of seams with partial or complete spilling of masonry mortar; cracking or complete destruction of the bricks from which the furnace body is built; thermal deformation, loosening, or falling out of furnace appliances.

Violation of the tightness of the firebox, cooking surfaces and convective (smoke) channels due to the suction of parasitic cold air leads not only to a noticeable decrease in efficiency and increased smoking of the stove, but also, most importantly, significantly increases the risk of fire due to accidental spark formation or the release of flame through the formed cracks ...

Of course, ideally, a specialist stove-maker should be involved in repairing a damaged heater, but our capabilities do not always coincide with our desires. That is why this manual sets out in detail ways to eliminate the most common damage to brick ovens, so that any homeowner with even minimal construction skills, if it is impossible for any reason to attract a professional stove-maker for repairs, can independently restore the functioning of his heater.

Materials used for repair

In order to carry out repairs, first of all, you need to decide on the materials that will be used for its implementation. You will need: brick, masonry mixture, heat-resistant basalt materials, stove appliances (spike, ash-pan and firebox doors, cleaning doors, cooking floor) to replace those that have become unusable.

In the walls of the furnace, in places where there is no direct contact with fire, exclusively solid ceramic bricks are laid, either ordinary or building bricks. It makes sense to dispel the persistent myth about the so-called "oven brick". Special "oven bricks" do not exist in nature, except for industrial heat-resistant fireclay bricks, which are able to withstand temperatures above 1800 ° C. As for ceramic bricks, for furnace construction, including repairs, it is used, I emphasize once again, exclusively solid brick without visible damage - chips, cracks and especially cracks. In furnace construction, strength characteristics, that is, the figure from 75 to 500, following the letter "M", and denoting the load in kilograms per square centimeter, withstood by the brick until complete destruction, is not so important. For the repair of the furnace, however, as well as for construction, a brick of the M-75 brand is quite acceptable, as long as it is of a sufficiently high quality and does not have defects in the form of cracks. When repairing the firebox, that is, the part where the firewood is directly burned, heat-resistant fireclay bricks are used.

Currently, there are a sufficient number of ready-made clay-sand mixtures from various manufacturers on the market. The use of handicraft clay-sand mortar is not recommended, since there are many features of its preparation. In the event of a violation of the technology for preparing an artisanal mortar from clay, an incorrect selection of the sand fraction or a violation of the proportions, the solution will not have the required strength, which will lead to the premature destruction of the heating device and the repairs carried out will lose all meaning.

A common feature of glia-sand mortars, made both by production and handicraft methods, is a strict requirement for the thickness of the masonry joint, which for ceramic bricks outside the fuel zone should not be more than 5 mm. In fact, such characteristics of the seam are not a kind of force for a bricklayer, but an obligatory technological requirement. The fact is that clay-sand mortar is used in furnace construction solely because it has the same coefficient of thermal expansion as a brick, and a seam thicker than 5 mm significantly loses strength when heated.

However, in the case of repairs, it is far from always possible to ensure the required seam thickness. Therefore, the mixture "Plitonit Superkamin Termokladka", produced by the company "Plitonit", in real life allowing seams up to 15 mm thick, is most suitable for repair purposes. The fact that, unlike clay-sand solutions, the time of complete drying of which, depending on temperature conditions, reaches up to a month, also speaks in favor of "Thermo-laying", products folded on this solution can be used after 10 days.

Most recently, a well-known manufacturer of kiln mixtures from the city ofBorovichi launched a new product on the market: Firepropf Optima refractory mixture for the repair of combustion chambers in furnaces. A feature of this product, according to the manufacturer, is that the new mixture can be used even at negative ambient temperatures, down to -5 ° C, unlike all others, which are used exclusively at positive temperatures.

Of the stove appliances, grates exposed to maximum heat load, as well as cooking floors and firebox doors, most often suffer. Unfortunately, the low quality of domestic cast iron often leads not only to warpage of these products, but also to complete destruction.

Most of the doors made of domestic castings do not have the necessary tightness, which, when fired, leads to the flow of excessive volumes of cold air into the fuel part, which reduces the efficiency of the furnace.

However, in fairness, it should be noted that recently there has been some progress in improving the quality of manufacturing firebox doors. In particular, the main supplier of the Russian cast iron furnace casting, the Litkom plant, located in the city of Rubtsovsk, has launched the production of sealed furnace doors equipped with heat-resistant glass, which are similar in parameters to imported products. Nevertheless, practicing stove-makers still prefer to work with stove devices of the Finnish companies SVT and Pisla, which are currently optimal in terms of price-quality characteristics.

To protect combustible structures of buildings, heat-resistant basalt materials are used, a wide range of which is offered by Rocwool, for example, such as FIAR BATTS slabs, including in the foil version, WIRED MAT mats, the temperature limit of which before the start of destruction is +750 ° C, as well as CONLIT 150 boards, which can withstand exposure to open fire (over +1000 ° C) for up to 240 minutes. To compensate for the thermal expansion of metal inserts in the furnace body, asbestos was previously used, but due to its carcinogenicity, basalt BVTM cardboard with a thickness of 5 to 10 mm is currently used instead of asbestos-containing materials.

Depending on the nature and complexity of the work, the following types of repairs are distinguished: current, medium and major.

Routine repairs cover minor works that do not allow any delay, and include: strengthening serviceable, but loosened stove appliances; replacement of grates; sealing cracks; whitewash; elimination of blockages in chimneys; replacement of cooking floors; ovens and hot water boxes; replacement of the pre-furnace sheet; replacement of steel pipes for connecting stoves to chimneys.

Medium repairs are more complex work that requires more time to complete, but no less urgent. For example: small rearrangement of parts of the stove, fireboxes, chimneys, pipe ceilings; painting oven casings, etc. Medium repairs can take up to 3-5 days and require stopping use of the oven during this time.