Do-it-yourself gas 52 engine overhaul

In detail: do-it-yourself gas 52 engine overhaul from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

GAZ-52-04. CRANKSHAFT ENGINE MECHANISM

Dry liners made of acid-resistant cast iron are pressed into the cylinder block. Exhaust valve seats are plug-in, made of special high-hardness heat-resistant cast iron; the inlet valve seats are made directly in the body of the block.

The cylinder head is cast from an aluminum alloy. The head is attached to the block with 33 pins. The nuts of these studs should be tightened with a torque of 6.7-7.2 kgf-m. The tightening should be done on a cold engine in two or three steps in the order shown in fig. 3.

Pistons. The piston skirt is oval in cross-section. The minor shaft axis lies in the plane of the piston pin.

The pistons are installed in the engine so that the U-shaped slot on the skirt is facing in the direction opposite to the valves.

Cast iron piston rings: two compression rings, one oil scraper, the upper compression ring is chrome-plated, the rest are tin-plated.

Piston pins are floating type, hollow. The piston pin is held against axial movement by two retaining rings.

Connecting rods. The hole in the lower head of the connecting rod is machined together with the cover. Therefore, the covers must always be replaced in the same place during assembly. On the lower head of the connecting rod and on its cover, the serial number of the cylinder is stamped.

The connecting rod bolts are interchangeable. Bolt nuts should be tightened with a torque of 6.8-7.5 kgf-m. The lock nut must be tightened by turning it 1.5-2 sides from the position of contact of the lock nut end with the main nut end.

The crankshaft is steel, forged, four-bearing.

Video (click to play).

The front main bearing perceives the axial movements of the shaft through two thrust washers made of steel, cast in babbitt, tape.

The crankshaft is dynamically balanced with the flywheel and clutch assembly.

To increase the engine resource before the first major overhaul after a run of 60-70 thousand km, it is necessary to replace the piston rings. The connecting rod and main bearing shells must be inspected and replaced if necessary. At the same time, it is necessary to grind the valves and clean the cylinder head and pistons from carbon deposits, and the valve box and its cover from oil deposits.

GAZ 52 is a car of an entire era. The engine of this vehicle can be said to be a crossover model between 53 and 51 Lawns. As practice has shown, the power unit is quite reliable, but more and more often the remaining motors are being overhauled.

The Gas 52 engine has fairly high technical characteristics. The cars were equipped with a 6-cylinder in-line engine, which significantly distinguished them from other engine models.... So, let's consider the main technical characteristics and the device possessed by the power units:

Do-it-yourself overhaul of the GAZ 52 engine is quite typical, as for the rest of 6-row engines. As practice shows, most motorists do it on their own, since the cost of restoration is quite expensive.

At the beginning of the repair, the motor is disassembled, which is typical for the restoration operation. The piston group is disassembled, the crankshaft is pulled out, the cylinder head is removed. The next step is to carry out diagnostic work.

In the process of diagnostics, the internal combustion engine Gas 52 is subjected to measurements. So, the piston group is measured, as well as the crankshaft. Accordingly, the motor is inspected for cracks.According to the measurements, the GAZ 52 engine, which is being repaired, is the selection of pistons. The main overhaul dimensions are pistons - 82.5mm, 83mm. In the future, there is no point in boring, and the block sleeve is being carried out.

As for the crankshaft, it is bored on a special machine for grooving crankshafts. So, the typical repair dimensions that are installed on the necks are 0.25 mm, 0.50 mm and 0.75 mm. In very rare cases, the size marked with 1.00 mm is used. This dimension of the crankshaft journals significantly reduces the hardness, which is likely to lead to a break in the engine heart and other consequences.

The boring of GAZ 52 (engine) must be carried out by professionals and very accurately. So, the power unit is installed on a special stand on which the cylinders are sharpened. If before this, the block liner was carried out, then it is still necessary to grind the liners and adjust the pistons along the clearances.

Also, so that there is no imbalance, the piston group is adjusted by weight. So, pistons and connecting rods (more precisely, bushings) are adjusted by weight using the groove method.

The next stage is honing. Each cylinder is honed to a mirror finish. This is necessary in order for combustion to occur correctly, and the pistons with oil scraper rings slide and completely remove oil from the walls.

After these operations, the motor is placed on a surface grinder and the surface is sanded. So, it is removed from 1 to 5 millimeters until the surface is flat. The next step will be washing to clear the entire inner world of the engine from shavings and dust.

The assembly process is quite long. First, the piston group is tied up, or rather the crankshaft is laid, and connecting rods with pistons are attached to it. Further, the cylinder head is overhauled. So, guide bushings, valves, valve seats are changing (with a strong block resolution at the valve attachment points). If necessary, the cylinder head is pressurized and cracks are repaired. This is done using argon welding.

Further, the motor begins to collect. During the assembly process, the water pump is diagnosed. If necessary, the shaft assembly, bearing and impeller are changed on it. The pump is one of the last elements to be installed. Subsequently, the pallet and the block head are placed. When everything is assembled, oil is poured into the motor. For the GAZ 52 engine, this is 10 liters of lubricant - M-8.

The last step is rightfully running in and adjusting the valves. So, this power unit first rolls on a cold one, and then on a hot one. After running 1000 km, it is worth carrying out maintenance to change the oil, oil filter and adjust the valve mechanism.

Most motorists prefer to repair their GAZ 52 engine themselves, neglecting the technical repair cards and processes. So, a car engine must go through all the stages of overhaul, and only after that, it is guaranteed reliable and long-term operation.

Posted by: admin in How it works 16.08.2018 0 8 Views

In the process of diagnostics, the internal combustion engine Gas 52 is subjected to measurements. So, the piston group is measured, as well as the crankshaft. Accordingly, the motor is inspected for cracks. According to the measurements, the GAZ 52 engine, which is being repaired, is the selection of pistons. The main overhaul dimensions are pistons - 82.5mm, 83mm. In the future, there is no point in boring, and the block sleeve is being carried out.

Also, so that there is no imbalance, the piston group is adjusted by weight. So, pistons and connecting rods (more precisely, bushings) are adjusted by weight using the groove method.

Two engine models were installed on the GAZ 53 car from the factory - a 6-cylinder in-line GAZ 11 and an 8-cylinder ZMZ 53. The eight-cylinder engine had various improvements and modifications (ZMZ-53A, ZMZ 53 11, ZMZ-511, etc.) , but its essence has not changed, and structurally all motors are made in the same way. Like any other engine, ZMZ 53 breaks down sooner or later, and it has to be repaired.

An example of the installed ZMZ-53A engine

Internal combustion engines of the ZMZ 53 family have a good resource and are quite hardy, but so that this resource does not decrease, it does not interfere with regular maintenance of the internal combustion engine. Prevention and maintenance measures include:

Regular replacement of engine oil (for mineral type - every 5-6 thousand km of run, for "synthetics" or "semi-synthetics" - 10-12 thousand km of run). But whether it is worth pouring synthetic oils into this "engine" is a separate topic for conversation;
Periodic tightening of the cylinder heads (cylinder head) and the intake manifold ("spider") mountings. The block heads just need to be tightened after 1.5-2 thousand km after replacing the cylinder head gasket or after repairs associated with removing the head. It is recommended to check the tightening in other cases every 30 thousand km, but it is possible more often if desired - it will not be worse from this.

In order for the engine of the GAZ 53 car to do without major repairs as long as possible, it is necessary to regularly diagnose malfunctions and maintain the proper condition of the engine, immediately eliminate all problems that are related to the wear of engine parts, and also use the fuel and engine oil recommended by the manufacturers.

If possible, the pistons and combustion chamber surfaces should be protected from carbon deposits.

The fastening of the cylinder heads to the cylinder block needs a systematic check. If the fastening is loose, then the nuts must be tightened. Before this, it is advisable to drain the coolant from the system, after which it is necessary to loosen the fastening of the intake pipe to the cylinder heads in order to avoid the effect of tightening the head of one cylinder on the other.

on the photo the device of the engine of the GAZ-53 truck

Only then are the fastening nuts tightened with a torque wrench. Such a tightening is recommended to be done during the first three maintenance of the car. Then the tightening is done a little less often - every TO-2.

As mentioned above, when using the recommended fuel and lubricants, engine repairs can be completely avoided, carbon deposits on the pistons and internal combustion chambers will be small and will not affect the operation of the engine in any way. But if you neglect the recommendations of the manufacturers, then carbon deposits will be significant, and this, in turn, will lead to detonation, a decrease in power and an increase in the consumption of fuels and lubricants.

diagram of the device of the engine of the car GAZ-53

In order to get rid of carbon deposits, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the piston crowns and the walls of the internal combustion chambers. The soot contains a large amount of toxic substances, and you need to be careful so that they do not enter the respiratory tract. For this, carbon deposits are well lubricated with kerosene.

To increase the potential of the engine on the GAZ-53, it is necessary to regularly replace the piston rings and crankshaft main liners. The liners are replaced when there is a significant drop in engine oil pressure. The connecting rod bearings should also be replaced as necessary.

You also need to thoroughly clean the cavities of the crankshaft connecting rod journals. If they are cleaned poorly, this will lead to rapid wear of the connecting rod bearings.

If the oil consumption begins to exceed 400 g per 100 km of run, then it is time to change the piston rings. It is necessary to install a set of rings, which consists of a compression cast iron ring and a set of steel discs.

When replacing the rings on the cylinder liners, it is advisable to remove the unworn part of the belt, and also to clean the cylinder head and piston crowns from carbon deposits.

The gas distribution mechanism also requires periodic checks. If necessary, adjust the valve clearances and clean them from carbon deposits. The clearances need to be checked only with the engine idling, with the pusher fully lowered.

The GAZ 53 engine has the same breakdowns as on another gasoline power unit. But they don't just appear, there must be a reason.Consider breakdowns and their causes:

Breakdowns and reasons can be listed for a long time, so the most typical ones are taken as an example.

Overhaul of the ZMZ 53 engine is necessary in cases when:

Engine knocks, low pressure in the lubrication system;

New engine for GAZ 53 truck

You can also list a lot of reasons, there are many different nuances. Overhaul of ZMZ 53 implies the following actions:

Removing the engine;
Washing of parts;
Dismantling and troubleshooting of all components of the internal combustion engine;
Grinding the crankshaft (if it needs grinding);
Replacing the camshaft bushings, if necessary, with their subsequent deployment;
Lapping valves;
Assembly;
ICE run-in;
Installation on a car;

The process of installing the engine on a truck

As a rule, parts are replaced during the repair:

Piston group assembled (cylinders, pistons, piston rings, pins, piston pin circlips);
Crankshaft connecting rod and main bearings;
Oil seals, gaskets, oil pump drive hexagon, gaskets for liners;
Oil pump;
Camshaft and crankshaft gears;
Valve stem seals.

The valve in the cylinder head, the camshaft is changed as these parts wear out. The crankshaft has 6 overhaul sizes and must be replaced when it no longer lends itself to grinding. You can do engine repairs with your own hands, the GAZ 53 repair manual describes the device in detail and gives advice on disassembling and assembling the internal combustion engine.

Diagram of a motor for gas 53

The Gorky Automobile Plant GAZ 53 did not complete the D-245 engine of Minsk production, but truck owners installed many of these motors on their own or used the services of companies that are specialized in installing. The diesel engine has a more significant resource than the ZMZ 53, but sooner or later it also needs to be repaired - perpetual motion machines do not yet exist.

In order for the D-245 engine to last longer, you need to monitor its technical condition and carry out maintenance on time.

An example of the installed D-245 engine

Change the engine oil every 10 thousand kilometers;
Check the coolant level in the radiator;
Periodically drain sediment from the coarse fuel filter;
Change the fine fuel filter every 25 thousand kilometers;
Replace the air filter after 80 thousand km of run or as it becomes clogged;
Check the oil level in the crankcase before each ride;
Carry out a control tightening of the cylinder head on a hot internal combustion engine after 2 thousand km after repair and periodically every 40 thousand km of run;
Adjust the valves every 20 thousand km, after each repair associated with the removal of the cylinder head, in the event of valve knocking.

The diesel engine D-245 has a large resource and can run 400-500 thousand km before overhaul. But due to the poor quality of fuel and engine oil, overheating and violation of operating rules (overload, exceeding the speed limit), various breakdowns occur. Major repairs are optional, but current (partial) repairs have to be performed.Since everyone here loves straight-sixs, I found an interesting article on bringing to mind the most balanced engine! We are discussing!It has long been the custom that the GAZ 51 - 52 engine is considered weak and unreliable. Its main drawback is weak connecting rod bushings. Any driver knows - you set the truck to its maximum speed - 70 km per hour - and you can immediately go to the minder. I, being the owner, also faced this filth.Why is this happening? Nobody knows the exact answer. Some say that the engine, de, old, was designed before the war, and was not designed for high speeds.Others look for the reason in asymmetric connecting rods, others blame the assembly of poor quality and useless oils, advanced ones indicate a long piston stroke - that's, they say, where the dog is buried - centrifugal force destroys the liners at high speeds. The grand total: rubbish is a motor! It’s just that - the GAZ 53 engine!For 5 years of daily operation, I have repaired the engine 6 times. Honestly, butted! Naturally, all this time I was tormented by the thought of why this was happening. I tried everything. The motor was repaired by cool specialists, and not very much, later I learned it myself, but the result is the same - the liners fly!I began to reason logically. Old motor design? Nonsense! Not much different from modern ones.
Symmetrical-asymmetrical connecting rods differ by millimeters from each other - there can be no problem here.
Excellent assembly of the motor does not guarantee its reliable operation, it means that the matter is in something else. What is it? Perhaps, it is true, the matter is in the long piston stroke - 110 millimeters? But what about diesels then? Their design feature is precisely the long piston stroke, both 120 and 160 millimeters, and nothing - they work great.
When I started comparing the GAZ 52 engine with others, for example, with the Zhigulevsky one, some details caught my eye - the connecting rod journals of the GAZ 52 crankshaft have one hole for supplying lubricant, and the Zhigulevsky ones have two! Yeah, so the revving motor needs more lubrication! And others? Is it because the GAZ 52 liners are flying because they lack lubrication?AND YOU WILL HAVE A HAND BEAST! UNKILLABLE GAS 52!Think for yourself. The connecting rod journals of a long-stroke motor experience a huge centrifugal load, and are lubricated with ONE hole. The oil channels cut in the liner allow continuous supply of oil under pressure to the entire surface of the liner and the shaft journal. In this case, the shaft is practically not lubricated with oil, but simply hovers in oil above the surface of the liner.AND EVERYTHING. From that moment on, the main problem of the GAZ 52 engine disappeared. He became indestructible! The next 5 years of daily operation in hot and cold weather, on highways and in the mountains showed that the engine is in no way inferior to the most modern units! The former “ugly duckling” easily tolerates speeds over 120 km. Can you imagine? The GAZ 52 engine runs without problems for a long time at maximum speed!My own achievement did not even make me happy, but puzzled. The eternal problem, it turns out, can be solved so easily! No engine alterations, just refining the liners!
Seeing how thousands of trucks are endlessly idle in repairs, what did the designers of GAZ think about? This is now the main mystery for me.Another "invention" (just don't fall off your chair!) Is the installation of the block head WITHOUT GASKET. The fact is that the cylinders of the GAZ 52 engine are so close to each other that sometimes their gasket "breaks through" in these places. The block and the cylinder head are cooled with water, and the gasket at a constant operating temperature of 2000 degrees between the cylinders simply burns out. I "put" the head of the block on thermal paste, its name, alas, I do not know. It is better to install the block head from a gas-powered engine with a compression ratio of 7.2. Exhaust valves with sodium filler from GAZ 53, they are heat-resistant, but thicker, you just need to expand the valve sleeves from 8 to 11 millimeters. They "run" on any gasoline, including "Extra".All these changes are also applicable to the GAZ 69 and M 20 Pobeda engines.And, of course, the engine oil is ONLY SYNTHETIC! Feel the difference, as they say! Go broke a little and fill up after a simple "synthetics" no higher than 5/15, and you will understand why all these vaunted motors of fashionable wheelbarrows give out their "horses"!
In general, after these simple manipulations, the motor magically changed. Work became quiet and stable. The maximum number of revolutions and the power have clearly increased so that no eight-cylinder GAZ 53 is needed. After such modifications, the engine “dashed off” 200 thousand km without any problems.Maybe I would have dashed off more, but I sold my ZIM and I don't know anything about its further fate.The GAZ 52 engine is the simplest, cheapest and most reliable unit today! Think for yourself: the block is very stable - cast iron, the liners are not flimsy "wet", but pressed in. There are no chains, rods, tensioners, dampers, balancers, rollers, etc. woof * oh!Obviously, the race for rpm and economy makes modern motors simply inoperative. I think it's too early to write off the GAZ 52 engine for scrap, it can (and better than others!) Work on cars, boats, forklifts, etc. Especially in the private sector, where there is no way to throw money on expensive repairs. And you need a little spare parts for it and it is not difficult to get them. It is a pity that the tycoons of the automotive industry do not understand such obvious advantages of the old reliable technology.And the main thing. With a thoughtful assembly, the GAS 52 ENGINE IS UNKILLABLE!Zyclone, Silverbag and Photon comments are welcome!GAZ 52 trucks are a symbol of the Soviet era. The powertrains installed on these vehicles are so reliable that they are popular with many motorists today. The gas 52 six-cylinder in-line engine can run successfully on gasoline and LPG. The main brand of gasoline is A 72. After the modernization of the cylinder head, the compression ratio was increased, as a result, the engine switched to the consumption of A-76 gasoline. For the convenience of drivers, a digital designation is stamped on the body of the new head: "76".The new designation of this power device is GAZ 52-01. This marking was assigned to him as a result of the modernization of the GAZ-51 engine. The main goal was achieved, the maximum power of the forced GAZ 52 engine was equal to 75 horsepower.List of targeted design changes:

The updated pistons are made of AL-30 aluminum alloys with a high silicon content.

Unique technologies are used in the manufacture of bearing shells (connecting rod, main). The workpieces consist of: steel tape, copper-nickel interlayer, lead alloy SOS-6/6, which has antifriction properties that increase the resistance of bearing shells against abrasion.

The material of manufacture of the exhaust valves is heat-resistant steel grade 55X20G9AN4 or EP-303.

The K-84MI or K-126E carburetor, consisting of two chambers, was introduced into the engine design.

Modified intake manifold.

Fuel pump model B-9B, with a capacity of at least 140 liters per hour.

An open ventilation system is installed.

Combined air filter (oil inertia). The filter element is made of high quality nylon.

The compression ratio remained unchanged at 6.2. In order to unify with the units and parts of engines of cars of the GAZ-53 family, many elements have not changed. List of relevant standardized parts and assemblies:

crankshaft;

cylinder block;

gas lines;

crankcase of the lubrication system;

crankcase ventilation filter;

starting heater, etc.

Technical characteristics of the GAZ 52 engineIn 1978, the manufacturing plant issued a special accompanying document "Operation Manual for GAZ-52". The operating parameters, as well as recommendations for the maintenance and use of this internal combustion engine, were detailed here.It is known that the GAZ 52 power unit has the following features:

loses stability when operating at high speeds;

fuel consumption, engine oil consumption and wear rates are directly related to the operating temperature of the engine.

Based on this, the drivers are given the following recommendations:

Provide a coolant supply with a temperature of 80 to 90 ° C.

When the ambient temperature drops, protect the engine radiator grilles from cold with a special insulating cover.

When switching to A-76 gasoline, a corresponding adjustment of the ignition angle is required.

The most frequent breakdown in this internal combustion engine has always been considered to be premature wear of the connecting rod bushings when the vehicle is operated at high speeds. This was his so-called Achilles heel. This disadvantage brought drivers a lot of trouble and a lot of trouble.The thing is that in these parts only one hole was provided for the passage of the lubricant, which was not enough for these units. The tips of experienced mechanics served as a successful solution. They suggested using inserts borrowed from the ZIL-130. These pieces fit perfectly in size instead of old designs. The material for making the inserts from ZIL 130 is an alloy of steel with aluminum. This material is so hard that it is impossible to drill an additional hole for the engine oil at home. An excellent solution was the grooving of special grooves in the upper soft layer of metal. As a result of grooves 2 mm wide and 2 mm deep, the passage of the lubricant has been significantly improved.Tip: To prevent oil from leaking through the hole in the connecting rod, it is recommended to plug it with the help of improvised means. For example, a small piece of foil will do.After the groove of the tubules, a significant decrease in the oil pressure in the lubrication system was noted, which did not allow the vehicle to be operated at increased crankshaft speeds (less than 70 km / h). What helped? The GAZ 52 engine became completely unkillable after work was carried out to reduce the clearances between the gears in the oil pump, as a result of which the pressure in the lubrication system significantly increases.Connecting rod grooving is not the only innovation that can improve the performance of an internal combustion engine.

To increase the pressure in the lubrication system, the parameters of the oil pump are also changed - its dimensions are increased in height, following the example of the so-called "double-deck pumps" used in military equipment (in power units installed on the BTR-50). The pump design is complemented by additional standard gears. As a result, a large pump provides engine oil pressure in the system of at least 6 atmospheres.

To reduce the weight and reduce the frictional forces of the pistons, their length is reduced (the "skirts" are cut off). For this, not native pistons are used, but borrowed from the Moskvich-412 car. This will help reduce stress on the crankshaft journals.

Benefits resulting from reduced piston weight:

the operation of the power unit is stabilized;

noise effects are reduced;

fast set of revolutions;

reduced fuel consumption.

Interesting: Some mechanics practice installing the cylinder head head without the usual gasket. It is noticed that the distance between the cylinders is very small here. At short intervals, the cylinder head gasket does not withstand ultra-high temperatures of 2000 ° C and completely burns out. Instead of the gasket, it is proposed to use a special heat-resistant paste.Advice: In addition to the listed upgrades, the masters advise changing the recommended mineral grades of motor oil to high-quality synthetics in the lubrication system of the GAZ 52 engine.After such simple upgrades, the main problems of the GAZ 52 engine completely disappeared. Now he is not afraid of daily operation at maximum crankshaft speeds under any conditions:

Heat, frost, sharp jumps in ambient temperature.

The road surface is of various quality (from smooth asphalt of motorways to broken country roads).

Driving on a flat surface, as well as on roads with sharp descents and ascents.

Important: The information posted in the previous section contains data based on the recommendations of experienced car owners who accelerated the GAZ 52 engine.The main advantages of GAZ 52 engines:

simplicity of design;

relatively low cost;

reliability;

long service life (more than 200,000 km);

lack of complex devices, such as chains, rods, tensioners, dampers, balancers, rollers, etc.

With gearbox and clutch in longitudinal section:1. Gasoline pump; 2. Radiator valve; 3. Clutch mechanism; 4. Gearbox housing; 5. Gas main; 6. Drive for draining the coolant; 7. Carburetor K-126I; 8. Air cleaner filter.Cross-section of the GAZ 52 engine:1. Drain plug; 2. Oil receiver; 3. Carter; 4. Ventilation; 5. Oil pump; 6. Heating device; 7. Coil of the ignition system; 8. Coarse filter.The power unit is installed on the vehicle frame. Fastening is carried out in 4 points at the locations of special support pads made of rubber with vulcanized metal reinforcing inserts. The legs of the motor housing are securely fixed to the supports.When attaching the motor housing, the following are used:

special bolts;

brackets;

spacer sleeves;

metal rods;

nuts;

washers;

rubber pads of the same thickness, etc.

The gaps between the legs of the motor housing and the supports are eliminated by securely tightening the threaded connections.The complex of works on the maintenance of the GAZ 52 engine includes the following items:

Checking the reliability and tightening of fasteners of working units and parts.

Dismantling and flushing the filter element of the fuel sump.

Make sure there is a free travel of the clutch pedal equal to 34 - 45 mm.

Checking and retightening the bolts securing the engine mount to the support cushions.

Visual inspection of the oil cooler, hoses, faucet for possible leaks.

Checking the tightness of the connections of the elements of the power supply system.

Flushing the high pressure fuel pump strainer.

Replacing engine oil in a GAZ 52 engine.

Cleaning of filter housings for coarse and fine oil purification, replacement of filter elements.

Checking the condition of the crankcase ventilation tube of the power unit.

Checking the tightening of the cylinder head mountings (this operation is carried out when the engine housing has completely cooled down).

The engine oil in the GAZ 52 engine must be changed after the distance traveled, equal to 5 - 7,000 kilometers. The interval between these operations changes in the direction of decreasing / increasing, depending on the severity of the operating conditions of the vehicle. The amount sufficient to replace the lubricant in the GAZ 52 engine ranges from 7 to 8 liters.List of recommended brands of engine oil for the GAZ 52 engine:

multigrade mineral motor oil AS-8 (M-8B);

semi-synthetics Lukoil, Gazpromneft.

Due to the rise in gasoline prices, the installation of LPG is gaining popularity among numerous car owners. The car market offers various configurations of gas equipment for carburetor engines, the first or second generation LPG is best suited. If the driver has the skills to do repair work with his own hands, the installation of gas equipment in a car equipped with a GAZ 52 power unit will not cause any special problems.The gas supply hose is connected to the carbureted internal combustion engine through a special adapter. Due to the low pressure in the ICE manifold, the liquefied gas enters the carburetor meter.Gas equipment consists of the following components:

Gas container (cylinder).

Hoses.

Filter.

Multivalve.

Valve.

Reducer.

Mixer.

Dispenser.

Switch.

Gasoline valve.

For the GAZ 52 engine, propane-butane mixtures or methane are most often used as gas fuel. The most common location for a cylindrical cylinder is outside, under the bottom of the vehicle. Depending on the gas chosen, the cylinders differ in volume and general configuration. Propane-butane mixtures are filled in containers with a volume of 45 - 50 liters, the gas pressure in them is 15 atmospheres.Methane is filled into all-metal containers that can withstand a pressure of 150-200 atm.Important: When refueling with liquefied gas, the cylinders are filled to 80% of their volume. This is for safety reasons.Spare parts for Lviv auto-loaders AP-40814, 4014, 4045 with GAZ-52 engine. Spare parts for loaders LZA AP-4081, 40810, AP-41015, AP-41030 Lev with diesel D-243. Spare parts for lift trucks AP-40811, 40816 with D-144 internal combustion engine.The pistons of the GAZ-51, GAZ-52 engine of the Lviv loaders AP-4014, 40814, 4045, 4043 are made of heat-treated aluminum alloy. The bottom of the piston is flat, the skirt is oval, obtained by grinding the piston on a copy. The major axis of the oval is located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the piston pin, i.e., in the plane of action of lateral forces on the piston. The ovality is 0.29 + 0.05 mm.To make the piston skirt springy, a U-shaped slot is made in it. The oval shape and the U-shaped slot make it possible to select the GAZ-51, GAZ-52 pistons to the cylinders with a minimum clearance in the direction of the lateral forces acting on the piston (perpendicular to the piston pin axis) and a significantly larger clearance in the direction in which there are no lateral forces (parallel to the axis piston pin).This reduces the noisy operation of the pistons of an unheated engine, and also eliminates the possibility of piston scuffing when the engine is running at full load.The latter is explained by the fact that when the piston GAZ-51, GAZ-52 is heated, due to the oval shape of the skirt and the U-shaped slot, the expansion of the piston skirt in different radial directions is not the same: along the axis of the piston pin, the piston expands more than in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the piston pin.As a result, the piston skirt after heating becomes almost cylindrical, and the size of the gaps between it and the cylinder in different radial directions is leveled.On the piston head of GAZ-51, GAZ-52, five annular grooves are machined: the upper one is the narrowest one - to reduce heat transfer from the piston bottom to the upper compression ring and, thus, to reduce the temperature regime of this ring; compression rings are installed in the second and third grooves, oil scraper rings in the lower two.In the grooves for the oil scraper rings, holes are drilled through which the oil removed by the oil scraper rings from the cylinder bore is diverted into the piston cavity and from there
- into the crankcase.Clogging or clogging of these holes with carbon or tarry deposits leads to a sharp increase in oil consumption, since in this case a large amount of it penetrates
into the space above the piston and burns in it.In the middle part of the piston GAZ-51, GAZ-52 of Lviv forklift trucks AP-4014, 40814, 4045, 4043 there are two bosses with holes for the piston pin. Annular grooves (one in each boss) are machined inside the bosses at the outer ends, intended for the installation of retaining rings in them.The diameter of the piston pin bore in the piston bore is 22 mm.Below the lugs inside the piston, there are two lugs for adjusting the pistons by weight. Standard piston weight 450 ± 2 g.To improve the running-in to the cylinders, the GAZ-51, GAZ-52 pistons are subjected to contact tinning after final machining. The thickness of the half-layer is 0.004-0.006 mm.The pistons are installed in the engine so that the U-shaped slot on the skirt faces the opposite direction to the valves.Piston rings of the GAZ-51, GAZ-52 engine There are four piston rings: two compression rings and two oil scraper rings. All rings are located above the piston pin.Each ring is made from an individual non-circular cast iron casting, which provides a fine-grained, wear-resistant cast iron structure, and their non-circular shape - an uneven distribution of ring pressure on the cylinder walls (with a gradual increase in pressure to the lock). All rings have a straight lock.The low height of the GAZ-51, GAZ-52 compression rings and their high elasticity, as well as the uneven distribution of pressure on the cylinder walls, ensure good tightness of the rings when the engine is running at all crankshaft revolutions.Due to the fact that the upper compression ring works in more severe conditions and therefore wears out faster than the rest of the rings, its outer cylindrical surface is subjected to porous chromium plating, which increases the wear resistance of the ring by 3-4 times.The total thickness of the chromium layer is 0.10-0.15 mm, the thickness of the porous chromium is 0.04-0.06 mm. As a result of the porous chrome plating of the upper compression ring, the wear resistance of the other three piston rings and cylinders also slightly increases. Thus, the life of the rings before replacing them with new ones is significantly increased.The outer cylindrical surface of the second compression ring and both oil scraper piston rings GAZ-51, GAZ-52 are subjected to
electrolytic tinning. The thickness of the coating layer is 0.005—0.010 mm.Piston rings must simultaneously perform three functions:- ensure the tightness of the cylinder (do not let gases from the cylinder into the crankcase);- distribute the oil film over the cylinder mirror and prevent oil from entering the combustion chambers;- transfer heat from the piston head to the cylinder walls.The rings can perform these functions only when they fit tightly to the cylinder mirror around their circumference and exert a certain pressure on it.Loss of elasticity by the rings and clogging of sipes in the oil scraper rings with carbon or resinous deposits lead to a sharp increase in oil consumption and to a decrease in engine power. Deterioration of the tightness of the rings is detected when the engine is running by the increased passage of gases into the crankcase.Leaking gases and increased oil consumption are a sign of wear on the piston rings and the reason for their replacement.Piston pins GAZ-51, GAZ-52 Piston pins of the GAZ-51, GAZ-52 engine of Lviv loaders AP-4014, 40814, 4045, 4043 of floating type, hollow. They are made of steel grade 45. The outer surface of the fingers is hardened by high-frequency currents to a depth of 1-1.5 mm to a hardness of HRc = 58-65.The outer diameter of the piston pin is 22 mm, the inner diameter is 14.8 mm, and the length is 70 ± 0.1 mm.The piston pin, held by two retaining rings only against axial movements, during engine operation has the ability to rotate freely in the piston bosses and in the upper connecting rod head; therefore, the piston pin wears only slightly and evenly over its entire length.To prevent the knocking of the piston fingers of GAZ-51, GAZ-52, which perceive large dynamic loads during operation, they are matched to the pistons and connecting rods with the minimum clearances necessary to ensure normal lubrication.In this case, it is taken into account that the clearance between the piston and the pin during operation (i.e., when heated) increases due to the greater coefficient of expansion of the aluminum alloy (from which the piston is made) compared to steel (from which the pin is made).Therefore, the diameter of the holes for the piston pin of the GAZ-51, GAZ-52 engines in the piston is made somewhat smaller than the diameter of the pin itself. Therefore, at normal room temperature, the finger sits in the piston not with a gap, but with a slight interference, which disappears when the piston heats up (in working condition) and a gap appears instead.Retaining rings of the piston pin of engines manufactured before 1955 were made of steel tape. However, in connection with. insufficient reliability of their work (breakage near the ears, pushing out of the grooves by the piston pin), which led to the seizure of the cylinder mirror, the plant since 1955 switched to the manufacture of wire retaining rings with antennae slightly bent to the side.These rings have a deeper and therefore more secure fit in the piston grooves than flat rings. They are installed in the grooves so that the bent antennae are facing outward.Wire and flat retaining rings are not interchangeable.Connecting rods GAZ-51, GAZ-52 The connecting rods of the GAZ-51, GAZ-52 engines of Lviv forklift trucks AP-4014, 40814, 4045, 4043 are steel, forged, I-section. The lower connecting rod heads are asymmetrical with respect to the connecting rod rod and the upper connecting rod head (offset by 3 mm). The short shoulder of the lower head of the connecting rods of the first, third and fifth cylinders is directed towards the front end of the block, and the second, fourth and sixth cylinders - towards the rear.1. Connecting rods of the GAZ-51, GAZ-52 enginea - for the first, third and fifth cylinders; b - for the second, fourth and sixth cylinders.The lower head cover is attached to the connecting rod GAZ-51, GAZ-52 by two ground bolts with nuts, each cotter-pinned separately. The plane of the connector of the cover and the connecting rod runs along the diameter of the hole for the bushings (perpendicular to the connecting rod axis).The exact relative position of the cap and the connecting rod is ensured by the ground cylindrical part of the connecting rod bolts, which have a sliding fit in the holes in the cap and connecting rod.The hole for the bushings in the lower head of the connecting rod is machined together with a cover. Therefore, in order to avoid violation of the achieved accuracy of the holes for the inserts, rearrange
caps from one connecting rod to another are not allowed.To exclude the possibility of incorrect assembly of GAZ-51, GAZ-52 connecting rods with covers during engine repair, a number corresponding to the cylinder number is stamped on the lower head of each connecting rod and on its cover when assembling engines at the factory.When assembling, make sure that the indicated numbers on the cover and on the connecting rod head are the same and are located on the same side.If a new connecting rod is installed on the engine during repair, the corresponding number should be put on the connecting rod and cap before removing the cap. This will eliminate the possibility of error during the subsequent assembly of the connecting rod.With the correct relative position of the cover and the connecting rod, the sockets in them for the fixing protrusions of the liners are located on one side (at the same joint).The lower heads of the connecting rods GAZ-51, GAZ-52 are equipped with thin-walled interchangeable steel-babbit inserts.Thin-walled (1 mm thick) bushings rolled from tin bronze grade OTsS 4-4-2.5 are pressed into the upper heads of the connecting rods. After pressing in, the sleeves are deployed to
diameter 22+ mm.To lubricate the piston pin, there is a cutout in the upper head of the connecting rod, and a round hole in the sleeve that coincides with it.In the place where the lower head passes into the rod, a hole with a diameter of 1.5 mm is made, through which, once for each revolution of the crankshaft (when the hole coincides with the oil channel in the crankshaft), an oil jet is thrown out, lubricating the cylinder walls.The finished connecting rods, assembled with caps, are factory adjusted to weight to ensure engine balance. The total weight of the connecting rod and the distribution of weight between its heads are adjusted by partially cutting off the boss on the upper head and a lug on the lower head cover. Fitting accuracy of both heads ± 2 g.All connecting rods GAZ-51, GAZ-52 are divided by weight into the following four groups:Lower head weight (g) Upper head weight (g) Marking colorThe color marking of the weight group is applied to the cut surface of the cover of the lower connecting rod head.GAZ-51, GAZ-52 connecting rods of only one weight group are installed in one engine. The difference in the weight of the connecting rods of one engine should not exceed 8 g, and the difference in the weight of the sets, which consist of connecting rods, assembled with pistons, pins and rings - 14 g. This must be remembered when replacing the connecting rods during engine repair.Pistons and connecting rods 52-1004 (auto-loader AP-4014, 40814, 4045, 4043) Piston and connecting rod assembly of the first, third and fifth cylinders 52-1004010-A2Piston and connecting rod assembly of the second, fourth and sixth cylinders 52-1004011-A21 - Piston assembly of nominal size VK52-1004014-APiston assembly O82.50 mm VK52-1004014-EP1Piston assembly O83.00 mm VK52-1004014-LR12 - Piston assembly O83.50 mm VK52-1004014-NR1Piston assembly O84.00 mm VK52-1004014-PR14 - Piston pin 11-6135-A25 - Retaining ring 12-1004022-B6 - The connecting rod assembly of the first, third and fifth cylinders 51-1004045-01Connecting rod assy of the second, fourth and sixth cylinders 51-1004046-017 - Connecting rod bushing 12-1004052-A7 - Connecting rod bushing 12-1004052-A8 - the Bolt of the connecting rod 13-1004062-B10 - Lock nut 292759-P

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Spare parts are shipped to Lviv loaders 4014, 40814, 40810, 4081, 41030 to all cities of Russia: Kemerovo, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk, Ulan-Ude, Kirov, Perm, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Omsk, Barnaul, Tomsk, Bratsk, Tyumen, Lysva, Novokuznetsk, Miass, Serov, Chita, Berezovsky, Mezhdurechensk, Nizhny Tagil, Biysk, Minusinsk, Satka, Kurgan, Vologda, Nizhny Novgorod, St. Petersburg, Belgorod, Orel, Kazan, Rostov-on-Don, Voronezh, Bryansk, Krasnodar, Saratov, Murmansk, Tula, Noginsk, Volgograd, Ivanovo, Penza, Cheboksary, Volzhsky, Yaroslavl, Syktyvkar, Izhevsk, Samara, Makhachkala, Volzhsk, Yoshkar-Ola, Sokol, Ufa, Arkhangelsk, Tver, Podolsk, Ulyanovsk, Togliatti, Vladikavkaz, Petrozavodsk, Kursk, Vladimir, Cherepovets, Naberezhnye Chelny, etc.