In detail: do-it-yourself floor slip for body repair dimensions from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.
Car repair requires special tools and equipment. During body repairs, a slipway is used. During its operation, the car is fixed to several reference points, and the efforts of the exhaust devices are applied. In the simplest designs, there is only one exhaust device, and in complex ones, there are several.
There are different types of slipways, and they are distinguished by the design of the base:
- Platform type construction. This equipment helps to stretch the car body in various positions and apply forces of varying degrees. Thus, the car can be repaired from the side from which it is necessary.
- Floor-standing equipment. It is created by mounting the rail into the floor. Sliding mechanisms move along them. It is convenient to move them to specific points. This device helps to repair breakdowns in a car of any level of complexity.
- Frame slip. Such equipment is based on a metal frame. The machine is fixed on the slipway with chains. Usually such equipment is needed during minor repairs.
The last two types of slipways are most often not found in ordinary auto repair shops, since this is professional equipment. Such devices use the most sophisticated database and measuring equipment. But if you need to make repairs in your garage, you can create a simple slipway with your own hands.
In addition, in this category of equipment for cars, the slipways are distinguished by the type of movement: mobile and rolling. This equipment comes with lifting mechanisms and ramps, as well as other devices. It allows pulling forces to be made in different directions.
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A body repair slipway can be equipped in your garage. It only takes a few days and certain skills to do this. In addition, having created such a device, it will be useful for you to fix minor defects in the car body or repair complex damage and restore the geometry of the car.
On the Internet, you can find drawings, according to which it is easy to develop slipways. All dimensions are shown. The most durable construction is done on a metal profile. Additional parts are also needed: racks and corners for gripping car sills.
If we talk about dimensions, then a metal profile should be selected in a section of 4x8 centimeters and in length - 1.5 meters. These parameters are optimal for a design that can withstand almost any passenger car. The cross-section of the profile for the racks is important to take 2x4 centimeters, and their height is about 25 centimeters.
The slipway consists of two parts: back and front. The length of the longitudinal beams is 2.8 meters, and the width is 1.5 meters. The construction itself is divided into sections. Central - the largest of the transverse and longitudinal profiles, forms a section of 1290x950 centimeters. The rest of the space is four more sections, in which there are pull-out mechanisms and devices for applying force.
To choose a drawing and type of slipway, you should be guided by the following criteria:
- Device dimensions. They are determined based on the make, model and size of your vehicle. Most often the slipway is made small or medium. For this equipment, you need to allocate a certain place in your garage or repair box;
- Functionality. Depending on the needs, it is necessary to provide for which power and retractable mechanisms will be in the slipway. There should be a convenient lift and a device for measuring the dimensions of both the bottom and individual parts of the car;
- Conditions in which the body repair slip will be used. If the equipment is needed for a service station, then it is necessary to make a unique design for all kinds of cars with many functional mechanisms. If you are building a platform for your car, then develop all sizes and parameters for it.
So, in a garage or a car repair shop, this is the most important equipment that is needed to repair cars. If you have the time and resources, you can do it ahead of time. Therefore, when there is a need to repair a car, you will already have a frame or floor slipway. You will be able to repair the body, underbody, hood or other part of the car in safe conditions:
- First, the car will be securely fixed;
- Secondly, you will have access to the part that needs to be repaired;
- Thirdly, retractable and power mechanisms will greatly help you in your work.
To carry out body repairs, simple tools are often not enough, and specialized and expensive equipment is required. Deformation of the main parts does not always mean that they need to be replaced. Body geometry restoration can be done in a workshop, but these services are expensive. With the appropriate equipment, you can easily carry out repairs yourself. To perform such work, you will need a homemade slipway, the assembly of which will not take much time.
A slipway is a mechanical equipment whose task is to restore the original state of the vehicle frame and body geometry. Straightening of deformation bends, dents and other irregularities is performed using local loads. In the majority of major changes in the geometry of the body, the slipway is the only possible solution to restore the shape of the car frame. The presence of such equipment is mandatory for every workshop and guarantees a high-quality body repair.
To decide to make a slipway with your own hands, you need to understand not only the purpose of such a mechanism. Manufacturers offer different functionality of this equipment. Some models are only suitable for work in large service centers. There are also more mobile options that can be installed in a garage or similar space. When buying such devices for personal use, their price will be high and self-production is most expedient.
Body deformation can occur for various reasons. Accidental collision with an obstacle, a coup while driving on rough terrain or getting into an accident does not go unnoticed for the car. Changing the geometry on the side members or a curved car frame can lead to the following consequences:
- The presence of noise and extraneous sounds when the engine is running;
- Inability to open doors, luggage compartment or hood;
- Car skidding when driving in a straight line;
- Slots in body panels and structural elements;
- Uneven rubber wear.
Such features of damage to the frame call into question the possibility of operating the vehicle. The basic body dimensions are indicated in the technical documentation for each vehicle. Moreover, their change will require the restoration of the original parameters to continue safe driving. Staple mechanisms allow you to almost completely eliminate deformation and the independent creation of such an assistant will be a good alternative to contacting a service center.
The use of multidirectional efforts is the most important feature of the power bench. Such work is difficult to carry out manually. You can make a slipway with your own hands of various designs.Such devices are made of durable metal, and their features depend on the type of repair being performed. When choosing a suitable model of the slipway, one should take into account the parameters of the transport for which it is manufactured. The dimensions of the stand, the characteristics of devices and mechanisms can be selected based on the most successful models from Trommelberg, Nordberg BAS or Autorobot.
Depending on the nature of the work carried out and the versatility of use, there are several varieties of such power stands. With the help of small structures, it will be convenient to carry out local repairs. and the large industrial slipway equipped with powerful hydraulic equipment can handle heavy freight transport. To select a suitable design, you should know the types and purpose of all such devices.
There is no strict standardization of power stands. Most manufacturers supplement the slipway with various equipment. So, anchor clamps, special grips and a multi-turret design of the stand ensure the creation of force in the desired direction. For use in the garage, you can choose only the most necessary equipment, and the rest can be purchased or made later. All slipways can be divided into 3 types with their own characteristics and functionality.
Frame slip - is a structure for pulling relatively small deformations. Such a stand is suitable for carrying out local work and allows you to restore the geometry of the deformed area with high accuracy. The metal frame has a complex structure that serves to provide sufficient rigidity. Strong fixation allows you to stretch the vehicle in any direction and change the direction of the applied forces.
The frame stand is quite popular due to its small size and practicality. The fixation of the machine on such a frame is carried out with special grips. To pull out the deformed nodes, a chain connection is used, which ensures the restoration of the correct position of the damaged part. The set of such an installation should include a lift to ensure the fixation of the vehicle at the required height. The arrangement of such a stand will require various parts to ensure the capture and installation of the machine.
Floor slip - used by professional body repair companies. Its design assumes a fairly high tractive effort, suitable even for the restoration of freight transport. In the absence of the scope of work, this system does not take up much space, which provides additional ease of use. It is quite difficult to make such a slipway for body repair with your own hands due to the huge number of parts. In most cases, the functionality of such a power stand is not needed in an ordinary garage.
Any floor slipway needs a specially prepared base. The installation of rails, uprights, anchors and fastenings requires accurate calculations and the availability of appropriate equipment. The most convenient floor slipway is when installing fastening systems flush with the floor, which will ensure the safety of movement and work. The capabilities of such a power stand will be sufficient to access any deformation area, and the installation and fastening of the machine does not take much time.
Platform slipway - has some similarities with the flyover structure. With the help of such a device, it is easy to pull the car body in any direction. The platform of such a device has tremendous opportunities for installing additional equipment. It is most convenient to carry out pulling on such a stand, and its functionality is sufficient for professional use or for repairing in a garage.
For self-production, such a design does not provide any difficulties.Any platform slipway surpasses the frame slipway in its capabilities and is suitable for most types of vehicles. One or more tower racks can be used to repair the machine on this stand, which will be enough for the most difficult work. The pulling force of the hydraulic equipment is not limited. Moreover, such a platform can be used for body repair of SUVs and heavier equipment.
The slipways are produced by large world-renowned companies and small regional enterprises. The price of such power stands varies greatly, but the independent manufacture of such equipment will cost many times less. Depending on the design chosen, drawings should be drawn up, providing for all the features of the future workshop. Then it remains only to prepare the necessary consumables and tools.
To assemble a homemade slipway, you will need a metal profile, which will make up the skeleton of the structure. The assembly process is carried out by welding and the appropriate equipment must be available. The fastening system is developed individually and it is important to purchase a power rack mechanism, chains and gripping devices that are difficult to manufacture. Before starting work, the metal should be prepared by cleaning it from rust, degreasing and priming. Then you can start assembling the structure.
To obtain a reliable frame, the profile must withstand not only the weight of the car, but also the force created by the tower rack. To perform such tasks, the thickness of the slipway metal should not be less than 4 mm. The platform structure of the straightening stand is most convenient for installation in the garage, and its design should be given special attention.
The exact dimensions of the slipway depend on the type of vehicle in need of service. In length for such a structure, a 4.5 m profile will be enough, and a width of 2 m will ensure convenient installation of the machine. For the manufacture of the frame, a channel with a cross section of 50-120 mm is suitable, which forms a solid platform for installing the machine. Considering that the load from the power tower on the profile will try to unfold it, it is required to install powerful stiffeners. The assembly of the frame is carried out using welding tacks, and after adjustment, the final welding is performed. In general, all actions are in the following order:
- Assembling the structure according to the developed scheme;
- Welding the body of the slipway taking into account all stiffening ribs;
- Assembly and installation of fasteners for fixing the car;
- Installation of power rack and additional equipment;
- Installation of chains, grabs and brackets.
When performing such work, special attention must be paid to the rigidity of the structure. It is possible to organize repairs on the slipway only on condition that the machine is securely fastened. You should be careful about safety issues. The loads acting on the vehicle frame during stretching can not only damage the car, but also cause a significant impact on health.
You can make a slipway of any design, frame or platform are most suitable for such purposes. The main thing is to take a responsible approach to work and show your own ingenuity. It is quite simple to understand how to make a slipway, and the correct choice of material will help reduce the cost of creating it. To embody your own ideas, you should take all the best from the existing models. The operation of the slipway is designed for many years and such equipment will more than once prove its practical benefits.
On our forum, and on the forums of our friends, auto repairmen, questions about the manufacture of a slip for body repair in our garage constantly pop up. Many people try to do it with their own hands, but sometimes new knowledge is required, solutions to possible mistakes, and you have to look for help from your colleagues.
Usually, two versions of homemade slipways are considered: mobile and stationary (concrete floor).
In this article, I tried to compile useful information, from our forum, including: tips, drawings, photos for making a slipway and give an impetus to those who are not yet fully confident in their abilities and are afraid to start making it on their own.
Here is such a slipway made by our member of the forum Yevsey.
The design of the light and mobile Finnish slipway Autorobot micro A was taken as a basis.
The main materials used in the manufacture of steel are channel # 10 and # 12.
Below in the photo are the main nodes of the slipway.
An important detail of the slipway is the grips of the rapids, a kind of vise. For their manufacture, sheet steel with a thickness of 16 mm was used. The width of the sill grips is 150 mm, the tightening bolts are 12 mm, and the bushings are 14 mm. The springs were used from the classic Vase valves. The jaws of the grippers are made of a metal rasp.
To work with this slipway, hydraulics from a set designed for 10 tons are used.
Here is such a chain retainer located on the pulling tower (boom) of the slipway, and also how the sill grippers work.
And here is the actual scheme itself with the dimensions of the slipway.
To simplify the work, special stands were welded with the car entering them in front or back, and it became easier, as well as much faster, to bring the slipway under the belly of the car.
This construction of the slipway has the ability to put an adaptation to pull it down. To do this, you need to modernize it a little by placing a slide roller under the chain links.
Cons and pros of this do-it-yourself slipway design. It may be worth considering them if you repeat this or a similar design.
- There are only two sill grips and there is no height adjustment.
- The lock for turning the boom horizontally: there was iron 5 mm, you need at least 10-15 mm.
- During operation, weaknesses began to emerge, which were strengthened.
- The length of the telescopic boom is in principle excessive, so it can be made shorter.
- How to hook the car to the thresholds from below with these grippers if they do not have a flange, for example, a BMW type car? To do this, you will need special adapters that cost quite a lot of money (there are homemade options).
- Both a plus and a minus can be considered the mobility of the slipway and the ability to turn it in different directions, but in a small garage, there will be a problem with movement.
On the other hand, not every car repair requires the use of a slipway, and in this case, it can simply be rolled out of the garage. And for a small garage, it will be more practical to make a stationary slipway (we will talk about it below).
General impressions of Evsey (the author of the project) from working with his slipway:
In general, beauty, the car is dead on the slipway, the hydraulics pulls extremely easily, as if you were not pulling iron, but cardboard or paper. Before that I used an ordinary winch, so I can compare and say that this is heaven and earth. The slipway has established itself as a real hard worker, the score is 5 plus, very mobile and reliable.
You can read the details and discussion of this design on our forum here.
As one of the options for a small homemade slipway for use in a garage, below in a video from Boris AvtoDok, where he talks in detail about his design.
In the second video, the mistakes that were already revealed during the work, how he fixed them and what alterations he made.
And now, we smoothly moved on to the stationary slipway, or, as it is also called, the floor one.
Here is a statement by Yevsey, the author of a do-it-yourself movable slipway, which we talked about in the first part of our article:
If I had originally built this garage for body repair, then I would have concreted the channels along the entire length of the inspection pit, and to these channels I would have anchored the grips for the sills of the car. And the traction boom would also be attached to the anchor fasteners.
I would also put channels or rails into the walls, that is, I would weld a kind of cage so that you could pull in any direction at the same time in several directions. Then I think it would be possible to undertake repairs of any complexity.
What is the most important thing in the slipway? The most important thing is that it is possible to securely fix the car and even then it can be pulled in any direction, of course, if the construction of the slipway allows.
I cannot offer any drawings for such a slipway, because I don’t have my own, but for every master, if the slipway is not purchased, but made with his own hands, it was made according to the principle of his vision of the situation (tasks to be solved, source materials, garage size, finances and other "wishes").
Basically, these are channels welded and embedded in concrete with a cut for fastening various devices (grips of thresholds, "tower").
Some auto repairmen make a whole cube of channels from the channels throughout the entire volume of the garage. This kind of slipway allows the body to be pulled in any direction and at any inclination. Of course, such a solution is the most convenient, but very expensive.
The construction of a homemade floor slipway in the video from Ivan from Nizhny Novgorod. Three-part video.
Part one - general design and budget.
Part Two - Benefits.
Part three - Drawings and full layout.
If you are going to make a floor slipway with your own hands, then approach this issue thoughtfully and purposefully. Throw in a sketch depending on the size of your garage and the proposed work, decide on a list of necessary materials, think about how and where you can save money.
It will not be superfluous to familiarize yourself with the various designs of homemade slipways, of which you can find plenty of them on the Internet. And take the best from them, taking into account the mistakes and shortcomings - learn from other people's mistakes!
In case of severe accidents, the car receives body deformation. A defective housing affects fuel consumption and handling. A body with a broken geometry will not be able to protect passengers in the event of a repeated accident. A body repair slipway is a necessary tool for repairing a car.
The body straightening jig is a device for carrying out body repairs. The stand is designed to straighten out serious damage to a car, and is equipped with fasteners that allow you to pull the body, as well as change the shape and size of some elements. A slipway is used to repair serious damage to the car body.
All types of slipways have an identical operating principle. To eliminate the deformation of the body, it is fixed to one or more areas that need to be straightened and straightened. Further, the master, using the drafting device, applies force and straightens the damaged parts of the body.
Simple slipways for body repairs are equipped with one exhaust device. Complex fixtures have several exhaust mechanisms.
There are 4 types of devices: floor-standing, rolling, frame and platform.
The rolling stock is used for body repair of various types of cars. It is equipped with devices that allow you to secure the car without flanging the sills. Rolling slipways are convenient to use in confined spaces. Due to this, the device is used in garage conditions.
Rolling equipment must not be used in the event of distortions and changes in the body geometry.
Do-it-yourself floor slip for body repair is a compact and effective equipment for restoring a car body in a garage or workshop. If there is no need to use a pulling mechanism, then the rails are used for other purposes.
The frame slip belongs to the professional type of exhaust mechanisms. The main difference from other types is that frame fixtures have a complex design.
The exhaust mechanism allows you to repair different car models.The machine is fixed to a frame that is highly durable. With the help of a force directed in different directions, the body deformations of mild and moderate severity are pulled out.
To save space in a workshop or garage, as well as to facilitate the process of restoring the car body, they purchase body repair stands equipped with a lift.
The platform slipway for body repair is a complete professional equipment. Devices of this type are used to straighten damage to the body of any car, including frame SUVs.
The design of the pulling mechanism consists of special rails and an entry bridge-base. The car drives into it on its own, or it is pulled in there if the car is not on the move. The platform is equipped with various devices and fastening mechanisms that securely fix the vehicle on the slipway.
Platform devices have hydraulic metal stands, a winch, power and pull-out units. The beams of the device allow you to effortlessly move heavy structures in any direction. The platform leveling stand has a telescopic scale, with the help of which accurate calculations and measurements are carried out.
The disadvantages of the platform exhaust mechanism include large dimensions and high cost of equipment. It is used in large car maintenance services.
Making a homemade body straightening slip will save you money as they are expensive. When designing, you should take into account the dimensions of the future fixture for car repair and create a drawing of the device. It can be ordered from specialists, or you can find it ready-made on the Internet. Depending on the type of the exhaust mechanism, the set of tools and materials that will be needed differs.
To make a mobile body straightening device yourself, you will need:
- From a profile with a thickness of more than 4 mm, you need to create a frame with dimensions twice the dimensions of the machine.
- The structure is reinforced with cross members and corner pieces. The cross members will fix the car. Exhaust mechanisms are also attached to them.
- To make the structure mobile, four wheels are attached to the bottom.
- To be able to lift the car onto the frame, a gangway is constructed. On the one hand, they will have a special plug, and on the other, a removable section necessary for lifting the vehicle.
- The design is equipped with a bench vise or special clamps. They are needed to securely fix the machine.
In order for the structure to serve for a long time, it is covered with a layer of primer and painted.
When designing a straightening stand with your own hands, the channel is concreted, and also reinforced with cross members of a rigid structure. The optimal material for creating a "stationary" is a metal profile with a section of 40 by 80 mm. The length is determined depending on the dimensions of the vehicle.
Further, along the perimeter of the frame, four fasteners are installed, which are designed for the vice clamping the machine. They move perpendicular to the channel, thanks to which damage of any size can be repaired. The car is installed on a body repair stand using a jack: first, the front of the car is raised, then the rear. In the garage or auto repair shop, you will need to mount the special eyes required to attach the chain.
To facilitate the process of raising the car, a homemade lift is used. It is done using a winch and a special platform.
A slipway is a necessary equipment for do-it-yourself body repair. The device removes damage to the car body. When self-restoring the machine body, the exhaust mechanism is also necessary.
Trying to save a lot, many create a slipway with their own hands.But the process requires knowledge and even schematics for that device or platform. It is used for the purpose of body repair. The slipway is needed to restore the original geometry of the body. But for this, the efforts made must be multidirectional.
Why do craftsmen try to create a slipway with their own hands? The reason is that the price is actually equal to the quality of the product and is quite high if the device is excellent in use. Having created a platform by their own efforts, motorists save a lot, plus they get moral pleasure for their skills, hard work and ingenuity.
Everyone repairs their car, on their own or by contacting a service station. Tools are indispensable here. The purpose of their application is to make the task easier. The body slip is one of them, but it is not cheap, so many people want to make it on their own.
To restore the original body geometry on a vehicle, a special platform is needed, which is discussed in this article. The car must be fixed, and, using multidirectional efforts, to achieve the result that is acceptable, that is, desired. In order not to spend "your hard-earned" funds on a high-quality factory expensive product, you should make a slipway for body repair with your own hands. The ready-made and own options are no different in terms of functions, but significant financial savings tempt craftsmen and car enthusiasts to start creating a product. It is needed during the repair of cars and large vehicles. The correct selection of the slipway ensures a high work result.
Only 3 types of devices help to achieve the desired effect on the restoration of the iron horse. Each of the varieties has its own characteristics and is used under certain conditions:
- Platform-based. It is necessary for the purpose of pulling the car body when using different forces and in different positions. In this case, repairs can be carried out from the side where there is a need for it. Various types of repairs can be carried out using such a tool, which means that the platform slip is a versatile product. It is based on a hydraulic device. DIY body repair slipway drawings indicate that there are flaws in this product. The platform has large dimensions. There should be rails in the floor so that some mechanisms can move along them. But thanks to the design itself, any breakdown can be repaired.
- Frame. The lexicon of the name indicates that a frame is always used in the design. In order to fix the iron horse, different clamps should be used. The chain is needed to straighten the deformed area. She starts up on the power device and is the main element in this process. When using a lift, the car will be seen best. Framed slipways are the most privately used to restore full body geometry.
- Floor. The rails are installed in the garage floor. Such a slipway is a professional device and allows you to repair all cars, even trucks. Among the advantages are reliable construction and impressive dimensions.
Each type of product, whether they relate to repair work with a car or not, has positive and negative characteristics. The do-it-yourself floor slipway for body repair has several advantages:
The concept of "versatility" of use includes the ability to use the slipway, even if not at the car repair. Its rails are flush with the flooring. This makes it easier to use the area at your own discretion. Of the "minuses" of creation, the complexity of measurements should be noted, which compensates for the compactness of the product.
Any slipway, not only the floor slipway, is capable of developing effort. Indicators here vary from 1.5 to 5 tons.
To start work on the independent production of the platform, you need a drawing of a slipway for body repair. This design is rectangular. Should be as thick as possible. Sections 50x50, 70x40 are considered ideal. The best length is 2 m. The width is needed corresponding to the wheelbase of the car. A slightly smaller width is acceptable, but then there should be "branches" on the frame. It is on them that the clamps are attached.
A stiffener located in the middle should be welded from a metal profile similar to the entire structure. When harvesting metal, remember: there must be a lot of it. The calculation must be done professionally. If you are not able to cope with this task yourself, seek help from a specialist. Metal profiles are purchased at specialized bases. To equip the structure with hydraulics, the slipway should be provided with a set, the tonnage of which varies within 10 tons.
A slipway, drawings and dimensions of which are indicated in large quantities on the world wide web, based on the installation method, can be of 2 types:
In the first version, a do-it-yourself floor slipway is installed in a specific place and makes it impossible to move it. In the second, the opposite is true. Mobile is equipped with wheels and is a mobile design. Can be stored both horizontally and vertically. For those who want to have a movable slipway in the future, you will have to stock up on a set of wheels. There should be 6. Only 2 will be needed for the power rack. The frame requires 4 castors.
To create a slipway, you need:
- blueprints;
- welding machine;
- hydraulic device;
- locksmith vice;
- metal profiles;
- metal corners to strengthen the structure;
- longitudinal profiles used to create racks;
- fasteners;
- primer;
- powder paint;
- spray gun;
- chains, quite powerful;
- hooks;
- nuts;
- bolts.
To apply force to parts of the body that have lost geometry, a power strut is needed. Ensuring a high level of component strength is the basis for getting the best results.
Important! Where the stand and base will be welded, a metal gusset should be installed so that the entire structure becomes powerful and can withstand different voltages.
To create a slipway with your own hands, drawings will help, but this is not all that is needed. The elements, without exception, should be degreased, and then covered with a primer mixture. It does not interfere with immediately engaging in staining. This is where powder paint comes in handy.
Metal corners are welded to the base. Then the longitudinal part must be welded to the profile. She will become resistant. In the form of additional insurance, bolts are used to secure the profile. Then they are engaged in the installation of power and retractable chains, hooks, devices.
The metal profile is also called a channel. Its thickness is usually from 4 mm. The finished frame should be almost 2 times larger than the cars that will be serviced here. The corners are needed to provide an increased level of rigidity. They are needed, at the request of the author, on the end sides or throughout the structure.
The cross members are welded longitudinally to the frame. Thanks to this, the slipway will have even greater rigidity. If mobility is needed, wheels are welded to it. Creating a slipway with your own hands, the dimensions of which vary, is impossible without power racks. It is thanks to them that the effort is created to produce traction. Locksmith vices are used as a replacement for specialized clamps. Both are needed for the purpose of fixing a car that needs to be repaired.
A slipway, drawings and dimensions of which may differ, is used in different ways. If the parameters are equal to 180x80 cm, then the frame will be installed between the wheels of the car. But with its help it is impossible to repair significant damage. Rather, the use of such a platform is more suitable for repair work on thresholds or pillars.The most reasonable thing is to make a drawing of a floor slip for body repair based on the dimensions of the factory models. The assembly of a rectangle from a metal profile is based on the goals and objectives set by the future owner.
Homemade slipway is the choice of those who are ready not only to make body repairs, but to become a master creating a platform for repair work. Save with us.
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