Handout niva 21213 DIY repair

Cars of the Niva family differ from VAZ cars by permanent all-wheel drive - they have two driving axles. In total, the transmission of the VAZ SUV has three differentials - one for each axle and another center differential.

The transfer case "Niva" is designed to distribute traction forces between the axles, and works on the principle of a 2-speed gearbox.

The distribution box is not present in all VAZ cars, but only on cars with two drive axles. In the transmission, the transfer case (RK) is installed at the rear of the gearbox; the rear propeller shaft is attached to its shank, which connects the transfer case to the rear axle. The front axle is also driven by the RK, it is connected to the transfer case by the front propeller shaft.

The reduction gear in the RK is designed to obtain high torque, it is used to overcome difficult road sections, helps to cope with off-road conditions. The VAZ Niva transfer case contains the following main parts:

• the body itself;
• front axle drive shaft;
• intermediate shaft;
• drive shaft;
• gears;
• bearings;
• differential housing;
• satellites;
• differential lock clutch;
• gear shift clutch;
• flanges (for connection with cardan shafts);
• oil seals;
• control levers.

The VAZ-21213 model is an off-road passenger car with permanent all-wheel drive and differential lock. Brand 21213 is a restyled version of the first VAZ SUV VAZ-2121. RK Niva 21213 has three gears:

Video (click to play).

• the first - with a gear ratio of 1.2;
• the second, reduced - with a number of 2.135;
• neutral.

21213 is equipped with 4-speed and 5-speed gearboxes, and when the first speed of the transfer case is on, the car works in standard mode, the gear ratios in the transmission are from 5-speed. The checkpoints are as follows:

When you turn on the second position of the transfer case lever (reverse position), the gear ratios change (decrease):

On normal roads, the first gear is constantly engaged on the transfer case, the transfer case control lever (reduction gear) is pushed forward. The neutral transmission of the RK disconnects the transmission, and in this position the car does not drive, there is also neutral in the checkpoint.

Often motorists ask the question - why do we need a neutral gear in the transfer case. Neutral is used when connecting additional units to the transmission, for example, a mechanical winch, in which case a power take-off must also be installed.

On Niva cars (with the exception of Chevrolet Niva), two main types of transfer cases are used:

• 21213 (modifications 21213-1800020-01 and 21213-1800020-02):
• 21214 (modifications 21214-1800020-01, 21214-1800020-02, 21214-1800020-10).

Between themselves, the transfer case has almost the same design - on the RK 21214 there is additionally a speed sensor drive.

The distributor of the VAZ 2123 car basically has the same device as the 21213/21214 unit, but the Chevy Niva has:

• different control mechanism (with one lever);
• an additional support is installed (on a simple "Niva", the RK is mounted on two supports, on a VAZ 2123 car - on three supports).

The distribution box on the Niva is a fairly reliable unit, repair problems in the mechanism itself arise mainly due to the insufficient oil level in the RK - if for some reason the oil has leaked out, intensive wear of all parts occurs. Among the frequently occurring malfunctions are:

• vibration on the body at different speeds when the car is moving;
• vibration at the moment of starting a car from a place;
• noise in the transfer case when the car is slipping or entering a turn;
• tight inclusion of a higher or lower gear, difficult engagement of the lock.

Vibration in the body is the main "disease" of the Niva, it often arises from the wrong centering of the transfer case. Most often, vibration occurs on VAZ 21213/21214 cars, since the RK is mounted only on two supports on the sides of the body, on the Chevrolet Niva the transfer case is already installed on three supports. But before you start adjusting the position of the transfer case, you should check the condition of other parts of the chassis - vibration may also occur for other reasons:

• cardan shafts are poorly fixed;
• wheels are not balanced;
• there is a backlash in the driveshaft crosspieces (especially the backlash in the rear driveshaft crosspieces affects vibration);
• vibration comes from the engine itself.

Vibration when starting off on the Niva can also occur for the following reasons:

• the fastening of the installation supports of the distributor was unrolled;
• the rubber on the RK supports themselves broke.

Correct installation of the transfer case can be done in several ways. Most often, in auto repair shops, repairmen use the following method:

• hang the car on a lift;
• weaken the fastening of the hand-out;
• start the engine;
• turn on the transmission and accelerate the car according to the speedometer to the speed at which vibration occurs (it often occurs at speeds from 40 to 80 km / h);
• without applying the brakes, they extinguish the speed with the engine, then turn off the ignition.

The distributor itself is centered in places, it remains only to tighten the fasteners of the supports.

You can also adjust the position of the RK using a wire, we do it as follows:

• we loosen all four fasteners of the razdatka supports;
• we fix one end of the wire to the rubber coupling of the propeller shaft;
• we also attach a piece of wire to the CV joint, bring the other ends of the wire to each other;
• we rotate the shaft, if the distributor is not centered, the ends of the wire will diverge during rotation;
• the task is to install the transfer case using the selection method so that the ends of the wire practically do not diverge from each other in any position when turning the shaft.

The installation of the third support of the RK on VAZ 21213/21214 cars allows to reduce the level of vibration of the transfer case, with this support it is easier to center the transfer case. The part can be purchased at auto dealerships or you can make it yourself. The finished product comes with three long studs (for model 2121); to install the third support on this machine, you will need to unscrew the short studs from the transfer case and install new studs from the kit. We make repairs as follows:

• dismantle the front passenger seat in the cabin;
• remove the lining of the floor tunnel;
• in the cabin, move aside the carpet covering the body amplifier (in front of the handbrake lever);
• we remove the transfer case (as an option, you can simply hang it out, but with the removal of the installation of the third support it is more convenient to do it);
• we attach a new support bracket to the RK body;
• install the transfer case in place, center it in the optimal position, attach the side supports;
• we combine the third support with the body, we drill two holes in the bottom;
• using washers, bolts and nuts (included in the kit), we attach the support to the bottom of the body.

Vibration is more effectively eliminated by installing a stretcher under the dispenser. You can also make such a device yourself or buy a finished product at a car shop.

In order to install the subframe, the transfer case must be removed. It is more convenient to carry out such work in a pit, we carry out repairs as follows:

• we leave the car in neutral;
• we disconnect the propeller shaft from the distributor, it is advisable to mark the flange of the propeller shaft and the PK so that during installation, install the propeller shaft according to the marks - this way, the appearance of unnecessary vibrations is excluded;
• dismantle the muffler mounting bracket;
• remove the traverse of the checkpoint;
• jack up the distributor, remove the side mounts of the RK;
• we process the landing sites of the stretcher to the body with Movil;
• we put the stretcher on the gearbox studs;
• mark the attachment points of the subframe on the side members, drill holes, bait the bolts on the body;
• we tighten all fasteners, except for the razdatka supports themselves;
• we make the alignment of the RK;
• finally tighten the transfer case supports.

It should be noted that the installation of an additional support or subframe on the RK does not always lead to the desired effect, in some cases the vibration only increases.

To repair the transfer case on a VAZ 21213 (21214) car, the assembly must first be removed. Removal is performed in the following order:

• in the cabin we dismantle the plastic trim for the gearbox and gearbox levers;
• we turn off the knobs of the transfer case shift levers, remove the casing under them;
• we disconnect the speedometer cable, for RK 21214 it will be necessary to disconnect an additional speed sensor;
• we unfold the bolts with nuts securing the elastic coupling of the front and rear propeller shafts, in order to remove the bolts, the propeller shafts must be turned - they are removed one at a time in one specific shaft position;
• we install a jack (or other stop) under the distributor, mark the places where the side supports of the RK were attached. This is done in order to minimize the centering of the transfer case during installation;
• we unscrew 4 nuts securing the RK to the gearbox;
• unscrew 4 fasteners of the RK supports to the car body;
• now all that remains is to dismantle the transfer case.

The transfer case of the Niva car and some other off-road vehicles is designed to distribute the torque of the wheels both between the axles and between different wheels of the same axle. This is done in order to increase cross-country ability on particularly difficult sections of the track. In the language of specialists, this device is called a "demultiplier".

The location of the transfer case in the car Niva 21213

The transfer case takes an intermediate position in the vehicle transmission between the gearbox and the propeller shaft. It has its own body in which its component parts are located.

The distribution box helps to realize the capabilities of the SUV, such as:

• Center differential lock.
• Disconnection of the driving axle.
• Increasing the torque of the driving wheels.
• Distribution of torque along the wheel axles.

Violation of the normal operation of the transfer case of the VAZ-21213 can be assumed by the following signs:

1. Delays when connecting the front wheel drive.
2. Overheating of the transfer case.
3. High consumption of transmission oil.
4. Spontaneous disengagement of the front axle.

There is nothing fundamentally complicated in the device of the demultiplier, except that it itself is not attached to the main gearbox as on more modern all-terrain vehicles. Intermediate propeller shafts extend from the transfer case to the manual transmission. The rest of the device is represented by gears, satellites and bearings. Also included in the design is a free differential with a lock.

1. The machine must be installed on an inspection pit or lift.
2. The transfer case levers are set to neutral.
3. The lining of the central floor tunnel is removed.

The tunnel cover must be removed to gain access to the hatch of the transfer case levers

Handles and covers of all levers are neatly removed

We get access to the insides of the dispenser

It is necessary to remove the sensor connected to the speedometer from the distributor

Drive shafts fit to the front and rear transfer case

When removing the box, the main thing is not to overdo it.

1. Install the engine mount brackets correctly.
2. Install the transfer case without tightening the bolts of its fasteners to the end.
3. The flanges of the drive shaft of the box must match the intermediate propeller shaft.
4. Install the transfer case supports and secure the fasteners.
5. Connect the transfer case to the front and rear driveshafts, reinstall the differential lock sensor.

Centering the demultiplier can be done in different ways.The classic version of centering is that the car is installed on a lift or a viewing hole, and all operations are performed by two people, one of whom is sitting behind the wheel. The procedure is performed as follows:

The fourth gear turns on, the blocking is turned off.

We put the distributor in neutral position, turn on the 4th gear of the manual transmission

To center the range with a 15 key, weaken the fasteners

The assistant gets the whole brunt of the centering work, it takes strength and dexterity

Repair and alignment of the dispensing unit should be carried out subject to the availability of experience and knowledge in the field of construction and repair of a specific transmission of machines with four-wheel drive. The demultiplier must be centered after each reinstallation. The correct position of the box is judged by the presence of vibration.

All off-road enthusiasts purchase all-wheel drive off-road vehicles to overcome various obstacles. Four-wheel drive is a system for distributing speed and power along two axles of the vehicle. Cars equipped with all-wheel drive have permanent all-wheel drive or plug-in. To ensure the transmission of angular speed to all wheels, a transfer case is installed in cars of this type. There will be a further article about her.

Almost every novice auto mechanic can repair the razdatka

The transfer case is the mechanism that distributes the torque from the engine to the drive mechanisms, that is, the differentials. Most often, the transfer case is used in off-road cars, as well as in some sports cars, which increases their stability on the road.

In SUVs, the transfer case performs the following functions:

1. Distributes the moment between the axles, which ensures the best cross-country ability of the car, and in this way the full potential of the engine is realized. The possibility of such a phenomenon as power circulation is automatically eliminated.
2. Increases torque to the drive wheels by using a downshift, this helps drivers overcome serious off-road obstacles.
3. Provides a stable position and movement of the car at low speed when all the torque is involved.

Transfer cases can be divided into several types:

Niva has excellent off-road potential, and that is why it becomes an indispensable assistant when going out into the wilderness. But, as with any car with a domestic SUV, problems can also occur.

Like any mechanism, the dispenser also fails, and by the following symptoms it can be easily determined:

1. Delays when turning on the front axle, turning it off abruptly. This situation can only happen in the case of early modifications with a demultiplier. All Niva cars have permanent four-wheel drive, but many craftsmen upgrade their cars, after which they have the ability to turn off the front axle.
2. Constant overheating under load. A possible reason will be a low oil level, if the reason is in it, then the oil must be added, if not, then this is caused by increased friction of the parts.
3. Increased oil consumption for the gearbox. The reason is any leakage due to wear of the oil seals, loose crankcase bolts, or simply not completely tightened the drain plug.
4. Looseness of the transfer case and gearbox mountings. Leads to strong vibrations in the passenger compartment. May be associated with fastening mechanisms or centering the transfer case.
5. Vibrations can also be caused by damaged transmission mounts, this issue is solved by simply replacing broken parts.
6. Looseness of the flange bolts, as well as its wear. It is solved by replacing or tightening the bolts, in the worst case - by purchasing an intermediate shaft. This breakdown leads to noise and vibration at first only when starting from a place of a car, later it turns into a constant hum at a speed of over 80 kilometers per hour.
7. Seized propeller shaft joints.Breakage occurs due to the drying out of the elements; in order to eliminate it, you will have to renew the lubricant with the help of a syringe. If the re-injection did not help, then you will have to replace the whole part.
8. Similarly, the CV joint can jam, this is either due to a lack of lubrication, or due to deformation. In case of severe wear, you will have to buy the entire intermediate shaft, if it was only a grease - you can simply replace it.
9. Cardan backlash is solved by replacing.
10. Differential wear can lead to noise and crackling when cornering, only replacing the differential will correct this cause.
11. Satellites and their obstructed movement often become a possible cause of cornering noise. This is due to burrs, which can be removed with a file.
12. Often, it is not the transfer case itself that fails, but the lever, rod and fork, which impede full control of the unit. Also, these parts can simply stick, for this they must be cleaned of dirt or, in case of severe wear, replaced.

Also see detailed information on how much powder painting of wheels costs.

There is nothing complicated in removing and repairing the demultiplier, this procedure can be carried out by any person who has the right tool. The main difficulty of this car is that the transfer case is not attached directly to the checkpoint itself, like in modern SUVs, in Niva they are connected by means of intermediate shafts.

The dismantling of the unit itself is quite simple; for this, the car is driven into the inspection pit. All levers in the passenger compartment are set to neutral. Then the plastic cover is removed from the tunnel and all covers and handles are removed. Then the hatch is unscrewed, which opens access to the distributor. The speedometer sensor is also removed, after which the driveshafts are disconnected. At the end, it remains to unscrew several fasteners of the box itself, and then remove it. After the mechanism is removed, you can proceed to disassemble it for further replacement of worn parts. In general, the installation is carried out in the reverse order, but it is worth paying attention to centering the transfer case with the gearbox, that is, it is necessary to convince the flange of the gearbox drive shaft to be connected to the transfer case intermediate shaft, after which you can tighten the mounting bolts of the range itself.