In detail: do-it-yourself repair of active acoustics from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.
In general, we will talk about another Chinese product from 4U. During the operation of the acoustics, at first the background of the alternating current was heard for some time, and then the sound went with strong distortions.
There can be three options for malfunctions: the power supply, the input preamplifier and tone control circuits, and the output amplifier. As the latter, the painfully familiar TDA2030 is installed.
Since the indicator of the signal and operating modes of the acoustics itself is on, it is possible to exclude the failure of the transformer. This already simplifies the matter, since it is not always possible to find one that is similar to the required voltages and currents.
Now let's check the power supply - rectifier and diode bridge. Here we see a significant voltage imbalance. Moreover, even after disconnecting the UMZCH microcircuit from the power supply (by unsoldering the jumpers on the board), the voltages of the positive and negative channels are still different.
The dialing of the diodes did not give anything, but the test of the electrolytic capacitors revealed the hero of the occasion immediately. It turned out to be a 3300μF 25V power filter capacitor, which gave a large leak.
Replacing it with a similar one and restoring the power supply to the microcircuits - the amplifier worked clearly and without hum. As you can see, not only Soviet electrolytes tend to dry out. Capacitors in a power supply unit experience a constant dynamic load, therefore, they also sometimes wear out and lose capacity.
Then it remains only to drive the repaired acoustics out for at least an hour in test mode (suddenly there will be a problem again) and assemble the amplifier back into the case. At this, the repair of active speakers 4U E-260 can be considered successfully completed.
Video (click to play).
Acoustic systems are divided into active, passive, the difference is limited by the presence of sound processing chips inside, powered by electric current. Amplifiers, filters, interfaces for reading flash media, decoding compressed audio formats. In the latter case, the speaker system approximates the functionality of the player. Consider what to do when the speakers are not working. The speakers include a myriad of sound reproducing devices, readers are interested in how they repair speakers with their own hands. You will need special glue. In the days of the USSR, BF 4, AK 20. Solvents are selected accordingly (based on glue). It will be necessary, disassembling, dismantling the connection, and repairing the speaker system yourself.
A movable part with a rigid plate creates air vibrations that are perceived by the human ear.
Do-it-yourself repair of acoustic systems, doubting how the device works, is supposed to use the principle - do not harm. Regardless of the size, the speaker of the speaker system is formed by electrical, mechanical parts. The first is formed mainly by inductors. The second includes a permanent magnet, a membrane. Here is an incomplete classification of speakers of acoustic systems.
Readers are familiar with naturally occurring audio reproducing devices. There is not always a coil in the speaker system. Therefore, before the repair, in the process, the master performs the correct classification of the devices, properly carrying out the necessary operations.
Partially touched the device. Let's consider in more detail the electrodynamic models. The diffuser forms the support for the cap. It is represented by the semblance of a wide horn on which the coil is glued from the back side. Flexible copper conductors that carry an electric current, punching the diffuser from the inside, fit directly to the membrane cap. The soldering points are visible from the front of the speaker.The coil is light; it is required to provide a relatively low inertia of the system. Even the tuning fork A of the first octave lies at 440 Hz. It is clear that for fluctuations of the indicated speed, the moving part of the speaker of the acoustics must be light.
The magnet is fixed on the bed. Usually circular. An inductor runs in both directions in the hole, moving the cap-membrane assembly. The connecting wires make constant vibrations. A centering washer is used to position the movable part along the vertical, horizontal axis. Perforated piece of elastic material, centering the location of the cap, diffuser. The centering washer does not interfere with the displacement of the moving part along the axis of symmetry. The repair is ridiculously simple:
Since the membrane and cap do not break, it is a matter of checking the electrical installation, the soldering points of the wires, the integrity of the coil.
Inductance is wound in the image and likeness of the old one. Each layer of turns is coated with BF 4 glue. Poor soldering is performed anew. Select the appropriate inductance winding technique. Usually a special device is made, formed by two pairs of racks, standing opposite each other on a long board. Both are connected by axles. One contains the core of the new coil, the other contains the purchased wire. It is recommended to buy the wire with varnish insulation. It is necessary to maintain the correct thickness. You can measure using a vernier caliper.
Winding is relatively fast while the glue dries. The coils fit tightly to one another, adhering to the shuttle principle. It is important to maintain the correct number of turns, properly position the terminals.
It is often necessary to disassemble a speaker of a speaker system for repair. Stock up on solvent. The glued joints are wetted, waiting for a fixed time. Please note: the joints are carefully cleaned. It is made regardless of the glue used to assemble the speaker of the speaker system.
Speakers are different types of speaker systems, each with a limited frequency response. Everyone works as a kind of mechanical filter. However, it happens that you need to shift the range ... You can raise the resonance frequencies of the electrodynamic system by varnishing the centering washer. Used 5-10% solution of ZAPON, cellulose in acetone. The varnish is applied with a soft brush in a circle. Avoid misaligning the moving part of the loudspeaker. Consecutively performing the operations, we will increase the resonance frequency by 1.5–2 times, approximately one octave.
To lower the range, weights should be glued to the moving part. The correct ring of cardboard is attached to the back of the diffuser. It is necessary to more precisely maintain the symmetry of the arrangement of the parts. The sound pressure drops rapidly. The volume decreases, the range is narrowed from the high frequency side. However, in the area of resonance, the loudspeaker will perform well.
You can expand the range in both directions (if there is no cap). In the center, from the front, a truncated cone is glued above the inductance coil of the speaker of the speaker system. The mass is made as small as possible. Thin, thick paper impregnated with ZAPON varnish will do. The top plate is equal to the coil, the height is half the cone, the taper is 70 degrees. Due to the increase in the mass of the moving part, the resonant frequency decreases, but the upper edge of the range rises, thanks to the rigid core, which is harder than the diffuser. As a result, the spectrum of the reproduced sounds expands in both directions. The total increase will be one and a half or two octaves, the game is worth the candle. Take care to correctly configure the electronic part: if there are passive filters on capacitors and resistors, they will limit (cut off) the capabilities of the mechanics.
Craftsmen increase the sound pressure at the resonant frequency for an unshielded magnetic system. Try to find one or a similar set ring. Then glue the second magnet on the reverse side of the one standing, the interaction of the fields will increase, therefore, the strength of the sound will increase.
The speaker system is simple and can break, they said. We hope the renovation goes off without a hitch.
Well, good all the time of the day chtol)))
In general, I don’t want to write much, in short the essence ... in the distant distant times, when dinosaurs roamed the vastness of our immense homeland, and most of the Russians faked without a gap on the vaz2106 cars, they got the Ivolga ovals from the wheelbarrow ... and this is how it all started ... In general, the owner did not like them very much, and they were barbarously thrown into the garage just on the floor, for at least 2 3 winters they literally froze into the ice in the spring when everything melts on the street and frost at night ... In general, the fate of these speakers cannot be envied)))
Well, I repeat, these columns are somewhere for a vskidku years 8 9 at least probably))) Well, given my passion for sound in a car, I took them home))
The diagnosis was quite funny, the diff, well, not directly jammed tightly, but it was sooooo difficult to move and get into a wedge in any position, the hand did not rise to the wedge))) The joke was in a specifically shitty coil and a skewed magnet
And then, an idea hit me in my head, why not try to disassemble it to Vinik Din and clean it and if it’s not something to repair))) Well said done) I read a couple of posts on how to repair subs, and voila, I became a guru in this matter)))))
Speaker systems can be active or passive. Internally, they have different microcircuits used to process audio. In order for the sound to be of high quality, many devices are used to reproduce it. But all these devices cannot be seen with the naked eye, since they are located inside. But everyone who owns them should know how the repair of loudspeakers takes place. Repair of acoustic buttons and other elements can be done with your own hands, if you know the speaker device. In our case, we will consider the situation when the speaker speakers stopped working. You need to purchase special glue in advance, which may be needed during the repair process. In general, any quick-drying glue you can find will do. It may just happen that during dismantling you will have to disassemble the glued joints. After that, they will need to be collected back somehow.
Before you start repairing your loudspeakers, you should know how the system works. This is necessary in order not to harm her in the process of performing certain actions. Despite the size of the speaker, it has two components: mechanical and electrical. The first includes an induced current coil. The second contains a magnet and a special membrane. At first glance, this mechanism seems to be simple, but it is not. For this, you may need a speaker classification:
Reel to reel. Their principle of operation resembles the operation of a gas water heater (used to heat water). The ring of the magnet makes it move due to the formation of current in it.
Note: the device will work as long as all the turns of the coil are intact. Therefore, if the coil speaker does not work, then first of all you should pay attention to the integrity of the coil.
Tape. In this case, the variable magnet is a narrow corrugation. At the same time, there is no coil inside, as in the previous version. To use such a device, you must purchase matching transformers in advance, which must be connected to the circuit. Most often, these transformers are already installed from the factory.
Note: it is their presence or absence that allows you to quickly find out the type of speaker.
Isodynamic, which include a square or round spiral.It carries out circular movements together with the membrane, being under the influence of a magnetic field.
Electrostatic speakers. Their main difference is that they work without any movement. The current is initially already in the circuit, so you do not need to take any action for it to be formed. In this case, the membrane moves a little, but it does not perform any translational movements.
Note: They are ideal for high frequency speakers.
Capacitor, which includes two electrodes. One of them is quite massive, since it performs an important function - the supply of variable potential. It acts as a support for the second electrode. By the way, instead of the second, you can use a foil twisted into a thin tube.
There are also other types of speakers, but only the most popular and common ones were considered.
The speakers work as follows:
Thin wires go to the cap located on the membrane. The cap itself is attached with a diffuser. So these wires pierce it so that they have access directly to the cap.
The coil should be light, as it is necessary to achieve low inertia in the system. After all, the frequency of oscillations in the dynamics is enormous, therefore, in order to move at such a speed, the moving part of the speaker does not have to be heavy.
The magnet is stationary. Most often it is in the shape of a ring. A coil with an induced current is located in the hole. As a rule, it moves back and forth. It also sets in motion a membrane with a cap. The connecting wires are also in constant motion. So that the moving parts do not move from their place, they are connected in the center with a special washer, which helps to ensure that the axis of symmetry is not violated.
Speaker repair is a fairly straightforward process. The cap and membrane rarely break. Most often, the coil fails. You should also check the soldering points of the wires, as it is possible that one of them has come off.