DIY home appliance repair master

In detail: DIY repair of household appliances by a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

Even the best, original and real field-effect transistors always fail for the same reason - due to exceeding any of their maximum permissible parameters. We will not take into account mechanical damage to the cases and legs, instead, we will note two main harmful factors - violation of the thermal regime and exceeding the critical voltage. The violation of the thermal regime means the excess of the permissible temperature of the crystal, which is usually directly related to the increased current, therefore, we will consider in detail this aspect of the problem.

Generally speaking, we can say that the field-effect transistor fails either from overvoltage or from overheating. And if the reasons for exceeding the permissible parameters are not allowed, then the transistor will retain both its operability and the operability of neighboring components, not to mention the nerve cells of the owner of the device for which this transistor was intended.

Have you ever wondered how high humidity and ambient temperature affect the operation of electronic devices? Meanwhile, this is not an idle question, and it is especially important in the warm season, when somewhere the sun is baking, and somewhere the humidity is so high that it becomes difficult for people to breathe. Someone will leave the GBP navigator to sunbathe in the sun in a car near the windshield, while others will forget their mobile phone in a cozy steam room. How severe are the consequences of such tests for our electronic devices? Let's think about this.

Of course, lithium batteries left in the sun is a well-known story: your e-book or tablet will swell if left on a beach towel. And all because at elevated temperatures, the normal operation of the lithium battery is disrupted, excessive gas evolution begins in it. Therefore, it is best to leave these devices at least in the shade, and preferably at home.

LED strips are widely used in decorative lighting and functional lighting, but from time to time they fail completely or partially, in this regard, it becomes necessary to repair or replace them. It is often possible to do only by replacing a small section of it, which will reduce repair costs. In this article, we will look at typical problems with a Led strip.

Before proceeding, I note that the main emphasis will be on common tapes with 12V power supply, 24V tapes are similar in design, and at the end, the features of repairing network (220V) tapes will be considered. First, let's figure out what the LED strip consists of and why it is flexible. A led strip can be split into two parts: FPC and LEDs and current limiting resistors. On one side, the flexible PCB is coated with an adhesive. The second side has a metallized layer.

If you try to start the washing machine, but nothing happens, you need to make sure whether the indicators on the display or the LEDs on the front panel of the washing machine are on. If the indicators are off, check that there is voltage in the outlet. With an indicator screwdriver, you will only check the presence of a phase, so you need a two-pole voltage indicator or a multimeter in the AC voltage measurement mode.

If there is no voltage, we disassemble the outlet and see if the wires are intact. If not, you need to look for problems in the wiring, but for now, an extension cord from the nearest working outlet will help you.If there is voltage in the outlet, then you need to check the cord of the washing machine, for this you need to inspect the outside of the machine and determine where the wire goes, then you need to disassemble the body of the machine, first you can try to remove the top cover.

Video (click to play).

TEN - tubular electric heater or thermoelectric heater, a device for converting electricity into thermal energy. They differ in shape, in purpose, for example, water and air, in power and dimensions. They are installed everywhere where you need to heat something: in electric stoves, heaters, etc.

Heating elements sooner or later burn out, while they can either simply stop working or break through on the body, which will create a danger of electric shock. Let's look at the reasons for their failure, structure, differences and replacement methods. The electric heater consists of a tubular body, inside which there is a spiral or a thread made of a material with high resistivity, such as nichrome, fechrome, etc. The coil is separated from the body by an electrically insulating but thermally conductive material such as periclase.

Andrey Golubev, the author of video tutorials on repairing consumer electronics, microwave ovens, televisions and audio equipment, devotes his video tutorials to those who do not want to be a slave of service services and spend many times more money on household appliances when they break down than when buying.

His main profile is the repair of DVD, CD players, which made Andrey Golubev popular in his time. Then he began repairing microwave ovens, LCD TVs, monitors and other consumer electronics. And so the hobby turned into a real business, and then a desire arose to share the accumulated experience with others. Have you ever watched how experienced specialists easily find faults and masterfully handle tools and measuring instruments? Many people are ready to constantly admire someone's work, without even thinking that they can learn all this.

The microwave oven is one of the most commonly used electrical appliances in the kitchen. Once again, you put food on heating - the microwave buzzes as usual, the lighting works inside, a plate of food is spinning, but after the time set on the timer the food remains cold. What to do in this case? The failure of a microwave oven causes a number of inconveniences, so many people prefer to try to repair the microwave oven on their own, saving not only time, but also money.

Why doesn't the microwave heat the food? Consider the possible causes of a malfunction of mechanically controlled microwave ovens. We will also give an illustrative example of troubleshooting a microwave oven. If the microwave is working, but does not heat the food, then first of all you need to make sure that the voltage in the network is not too low. It is very often mistakenly concluded that the microwave is malfunctioning.

There is always a lot of homework in our house and, unfortunately, it takes up a lot of our time, although we would gladly spend this time with our family and friends.

But fortunately, humanity has come up with many useful devices that allow you to mechanize labor-intensive work at home: prepare food with the least labor cost, wash and iron the linen, clean the clothes, clean the rooms and mop the floors. They easily help to create a comfortable climate in the house and for a long time store products.

Household appliances save time for your fair partner, create coziness at home, and facilitate working and living conditions.

But, sad as it may seem, during operation, our irreplaceable assistants lose their performance mainly due to wear and tear of individual parts. And then the time comes for us to take care of our friends.

Of course, the easiest way out is to contact a repair shop for household appliances, but they often repair only imported devices, and domestic household appliances are simply not taken for repair. And if they do, the cost of repairs is comparable to the price of old equipment. But she has served us faithfully for many years and has far from exhausted her resource.

But cheer up! On this site you will find a description of the repair of almost all known models. domestic and imported washing machines, a description of the device and refrigerator repair.

Is the vacuum cleaner broken? It doesn't matter, let's see vacuum cleaner repair, we fix it ourselves and enjoy the absence of dust in the apartment.

Need to install a washing machine? We look connecting an automatic washing machine, household appliances grounding and easily install household appliances ourselves.

There is everything - repair articles iron, teapot, umbrella and many more of everything that surrounds us in everyday life.

But the real owner will not stop there - he will repair the electrical wiring, in no time will fix it and hang a chandelier, will make homemade welding machine... Many devices can be do it yourself.

Even if nothing has broken with you yet, the site has a lot of information about the principles of operation of refrigerators, automatic washing machines, which will help you to properly operate household appliances and place it correctly. Economical use of household appliances - also not the last thing.

Try it and you will succeed! The eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing.

New articles regularly appear on the site. For all letters with questions will be answered. Household appliances repairmen are invited to cooperate. We will be glad to the authors of articles on the repair of household appliances.

Search and elimination of malfunctions in electronic circuits. In this article, we will look at how to independently find and eliminate simple breakdowns in electronic circuits of household appliances. Let's say we have a portable cassette recorder that has ceased to show signs of life, does not turn on, does not respond to button presses, the LED indication does not light up. In this case, the search for the cause of the malfunction should start with the power supply.

Photo adapter - power supply

Well, if we have an external power supply, in this case we turn on the power supply to the network and measure the voltage on the plug (output from the power supply) with a multimeter. For low power consumer audio equipment, it is usually sufficient to select the 20 volt DCV limit on the multimeter, or in other words, measure the DC voltage.

Cassette recorder photo

If it is necessary to repair high-power audio equipment, then the output from the power supply unit may have a voltage significantly exceeding 20 Volts. In this case, you need to select a voltage measurement limit of 200 volts, also DCV. If there is no output voltage, you will have to disassemble the power supply case, or if the power supply is internal, the entire device. In this case, you need to check, first of all, the fuse in the primary circuit of the transformer.

Sometimes, as in the diagram below, fuses are installed additionally in the secondary circuit. They need to ring, setting the multimeter to sound dial mode, you need to touch at the same time the metal tubes - the contacts at the ends of the fuse. In this case, the fuse does not have to be removed from the metal racks on the board, it is enough to touch them with the multimeter probes, if a beep sounds, this means that the fuse is intact. Otherwise, the fuse has blown and must be replaced with a new one rated for the same current.

Although if the device uses transformer power, you can first check the integrity of the fuse, and at the same time the cord, you can set the multimeter in the resistance measurement mode to the limit of 2 kiloohms and touch the multimeter probes to the pins of the power cord. In this case, we get, as you can see in the figure below, connected in series, the wires of the power cord, the fuse and the primary winding of the transformer.

Primary winding continuity circuit

In this case, readings of the order of 300 ohms should be displayed on the multimeter.This means that the supply wires, fuse and primary winding of the transformer are in good condition. If the device has a power button, press it before doing this. You can also “click” the power button during such a check, when the multimeter is turned on, there will be readings of about 300 ohms, when turned off, one or infinite resistance.

If, with such a dialing, the cord does not ring through the cord, you will have to disassemble the case and ring the cord and transformer separately. I think no one will have any difficulties with the continuity of the cord, one probe for the plug, the second for the wires entering the device body, I described the continuity of the cord in detail in the previous article. Those terminals of the transformer, which are connected to the wires, power comes through them, are the primary winding. It can be called by setting the multimeter to 2 kilo-ohm ohmmeter mode, the resistance should also be about 300 ohms.

Resistance of transformer windings

It is also possible to distinguish the primary winding from the secondary by the thickness of the wires, the primary is usually wound with a wire of a much smaller cross-section than the secondary, due to the fact that currents flow in the secondary winding that are greater than in the primary. The picture above is a transformer with multiple secondary windings. The resistance of the secondary winding of the transformer when ringing with a multimeter can be close to zero, due to the fact that the number of turns of the secondary winding is much less than in the primary one, and accordingly, during continuity, the resistance will be much less than in the primary one.

If the primary winding does not ring with an ohmmeter, and, accordingly, such a transformer does not work, then do not rush to throw it away, a thermal fuse is usually installed under the insulation near the terminals of the primary winding, as in the figure above. It works when heated above the set temperature and breaks the primary winding circuit. Like a regular fuse, a thermal fuse is used only once, after which it may need to be replaced. You can check it with an ohmmeter or a multimeter in the audible dial mode. Often, after replacing the thermal fuse, if the windings are intact, the transformer can continue to function as before. There are often cases when a diode bridge burns out, as you know, a diode bridge is 4 diodes connected to each other by a special bridge circuit.

As you can see in the figure above, the diode bridge has 4 connection points, 2 points are supplied with alternating current, and plus and minus going to the load. On a real diode bridge, these points are each connected to its own output, these are 2 outputs alternating current and plus and minus.

This is what we see on the imported diode bridge (+), (AC - alternating current) and (-). In order to check the diode bridge, we conditionally divide it into separate diodes and ring it as if we would have 4 separate diodes. To ring the diode, you need, as everyone knows, to set the multimeter to the diode test mode, on the multimeter it is indicated by the diode icon, often this mode on the multimeter is combined with the sound dial mode.

Diode ringing in direct connection

Next, we connect the red probe to the anode or to the positive electrode of the diode, and the black probe to the cathode or negative, or in other words, we connect while observing the polarity. In this case, numbers about 600-900 should appear on the screen. If a sound signal is heard or a unit is displayed on the screen, this means that such a diode is faulty. When connecting the probes in reverse polarity, there should be a one on the screen.

Continuity of the diode in reverse connection

All that is written above about checking radio components applies only to parts soldered from the board.When checking when the radio components are soldered into the board, it is necessary to take into account the influence on the measurement results of all parts connected in parallel with the measured ones! Let's take a look at troubleshooting with this simple sound probe circuit:

First you need to conduct a visual inspection of the device, whether there are any blackened resistors and similar defects. The fact is that when resistors burn out, this is most often seen by their appearance. Below is a picture of the printed circuit board of this probe:

Printed circuit board for sound probe

If there are suspicious ones;), you need to ring them with a multimeter in ohmmeter mode, having determined their value according to the schematic diagram. The permissible deviation from the rating for imported resistors is 5 - 10%, for domestic type MLT - 20%.

Silkscreen layer on PCB

On factory printed circuit boards of various household appliances, a layer of silk-screen printing is applied from the side, reverse printing on a textolite, or in other words, the designation of where which element and where which terminal is soldered. This helps a lot when repairing, not wasting time tracking along the tracks, every time, where is what part. On printed circuit boards made by radio amateurs, it is also possible to apply a layer of designations using the LUT method on the back of the board.

Checking the transistor in the circuit

Let's go back to our sound probe board, let's say we decided to ring all 3 transistors soldered into the board. Let's start with VT1, since this is an n-p-n transistor, we must install the red probe on the base terminal of the transistor, and the black one alternately on the collector and emitter. In this case, depending on the type of transistor, there will be numbers of the order of 600-900 on the screen. If, during the check, a sound signal sounds, or there is a unit on the screen, then such a transistor must be replaced. Pinout will help us to determine where is what pin of the transistor on the board. Our circuit uses transistors KT315 and KT361. Here is their pinout:

Pinout of transistors kt315

The difference between VT2 and VT1 lies in the structure. In the figure above, it can be seen that the base of the transistor VT2 is n-type, this means that when checking it, it is necessary to connect a black probe, and alternately red to the collector and emitter. The rest of the transistors p-n-p structures are checked in the same way as the n-p-n structures. If no conclusions are indicated on the board, you need to look in the transistor reference book, or at the page with reference information on the Internet. If you need to check non-polar capacitors for a short circuit, they are called with a multimeter in ohmmeter mode. The capacitor leads should not ring among themselves, or, in other words, there should be a unity on the screen.

Is the washing machine out of order (refrigerator, microwave oven or something else from household appliances)? Do not rush to the store to buy a new one or look for a master - in most cases, the malfunction can be eliminated on your own, while saving more than one thousand rubles.

Of course, all modern household appliances have a rather high level of complexity, however, along with this, it also provides self-diagnostic functions, which greatly simplifies repairs.

In this section you will find various information on how you can on one's own, on their own repair household appliances- error codes, instructions and various articles, and if you still have difficulties and questions, visit us on the FORUM!

If you are looking for where to buy spare parts for the repair of household appliances, or are looking for a repair specialist, then take a look at the Spare parts and repairs section in your city. There you will find a list of stores selling spare parts for household appliances, a list of specialized repair shops, their addresses and phone numbers, and you can also leave your feedback on the quality of the services provided.

This section is entirely devoted to self-repair of household appliances.Having studied the article you are interested in, you can easily cope with almost any breakdown. Our recommendations are for informational purposes only, therefore, if you do not have basic skills in parsing equipment, then it is better to contact the service center for help.

Attention! The information on the site is for informational purposes only. Be careful with appliances and electricity when repairing or setting yourself up. And even better - entrust this business to professionals!

The dishwasher, like any other type of equipment, sooner or later fails. Find out the most popular device malfunctions and a brief description of repair.

Find out the main causes of a washing machine breakdown and check out the DIY repair instructions!

What is the electricity consumption by an electric boiler per day, month, for the entire heating season. How can you save on electric heating at home or summer cottage?

An approximate calculation of the electricity consumption of an air conditioner. Find out how much electricity your air conditioner consumes per hour, day or even per month.

What are the breakdowns of washing machines. What to do if the machine knocks, does not turn on, freezes or does not heat the water?

Step-by-step instructions for replacing the heating element in the dishwasher. Find out what to do if the dishwasher won't heat the water.

Find out why Nivona coffee machines break down, what types of malfunctions are there, and how to repair equipment with your own hands!

Find out why heating elements break down in household appliances and heaters, as well as how to avoid such problems.

The method of replacing the heating element in the washing machine. Find out how to find the location of the heating element and replace it yourself!

The main reasons for the increased noise during the operation of the vacuum cleaner. Do-it-yourself troubleshooting methods.

An overview of the main reasons for the increased noise during the operation of the refrigerator, as well as how to repair the malfunction with your own hands.

Quite often, in hot weather, air conditioners begin to flow into the room. We discussed the main reasons for the leak and the repair methods in the article!

The main reasons due to which the electric kettle does not turn off when the water boils. Find out when it is worth repairing the device yourself, and when it is better to replace parts.

Even a person without knowledge of electrical engineering can call the heating element, the main thing is that there is a tester at hand. We described how to check at home in the article!

If your washing machine knocks hard during operation, you need to move on to repairing equipment as soon as possible. We have considered more than 10 reasons for this breakdown in the article!

Find out how to correctly connect the wires to a new plug by looking at the visual instructions in the photo examples!

Instructions for the repair of the TV remote control. Possible reasons for the breakdown of the remote control.

To clean or repair the boiler, it must be disassembled. How to do it carefully, read our article!

If your fridge freezes food in both chambers, it's time to fix it! What to do if the refrigerator freezes too much, we told you here!

Find out how you can open a locked washing machine with your own hands!

Find out the main breakdowns of electric boilers and how to repair them yourself!

A hair dryer for drying hair, in fact, like an industrial model, can be easily repaired with your own hands according to these instructions!

Find out how to repair a coffee machine yourself at home with a screwdriver and consumables at hand!

Hobs rarely break, but repairing them can hit your budget noticeably. Find out how to repair your hob yourself!

If the airfryer fails, you can try to repair it yourself. Repair instructions are provided here!

Have you decided to clean the house and at the most inopportune moment it turned out that the vacuum cleaner does not draw air? Read here what to do in this case!

If you know how to use a multimeter and at the same time already have some skills in minor repair work, then why not repair your home electrical appliances yourself? Do-it-yourself home appliance repair is not difficult if you have step-by-step instructions at hand. This section of the site is just an assistant for those who want to fix a vacuum cleaner, washing machine, or the same electrical panel on their own.

We tried not only to describe all the presented repair technologies in text format, but also to attach visual video courses to the articles. As a result, judging by the reviews in the comments, more than a dozen visitors to the same electrician's website have already shared their positive impressions of the repair of household appliances with their own hands.

The nuance lies in the fact that in the instructions provided, we only talk about minor repairs - how to fix a refrigerator that severely freezes food, or how to disassemble a boiler for cleaning. For such a repair, you do not need to be a master and be able to do professional diagnostics. As for breakdowns in electronics, we do not talk about this, because in most cases it is better to repair this type of malfunction of household electrical appliances at a service center.

If you did not find the answer to your question or did not consider the found material not fully disclosed, we recommend using the Question-answer form in order to describe your problem to our specialists! Read the instructions provided, carefully watch the video and then any repair of home appliances will be within your power!

The page contains a list of articles published on the site devoted to the repair of electrical appliances with your own hands. To go to the page with the publication, just click on the photo or "More".

Electric diagram of an electric kettle and the principle of its operation. The device of the kettle, the system of protection against overheating and atematic shutdown when water boils. The device is an indicator of inclusion and backlight. Examples of repairing electric kettles, eliminating water leaks with your own hands. More details.

The electrical diagram of the multicooker and the principle of its operation. Multicooker device, power supply and control unit, triple fuse. An example of repairing a multicooker with your own hands. Checking thermistors, error codes, why the display does not light up, modes are not remembered. Cover hinge repair. More details.

The electric circuit of the iron and the principle of its operation. The device and setting of the thermostat, tremofuse. How to check the heating element. An example of repairing an iron with your own hands. How to replace the power cord. Ironing temperature for fabrics. More details.

The device, the electric circuit of the hair dryer and the principle of its operation. External manifestation, causes and remedies for hair dryer malfunctions. DIY hair dryer repair examples. How to repair or replace the power cord. Repair of spirals and thermal protection. More details.

Electric circuits of heaters and the principle of their operation. How to disassemble a heater. Finding a heater malfunction using the example of DIY repair. How to check the power cord, mode switch, heating element, position sensor, triple fuse. Ceramic heater repair. More details.

Electrical diagram, device and principle of operation of the condensation air dryer. An example of repairing a dehumidifier with your own hands. How to check the gyrostat, tank water level sensor, fan, compressor. Checking and repairing the control unit and operating mode indicators. More details.

The device and principle of operation of a quartz electric clock. When to change the battery. Preparing the clock for replacing the battery, unscrewing the cover, removing the battery. How to check the suitability of the battery and choose a new one for replacement from the proposed table. Battery interchangeability.How to close the flip cover. More details.

The article contains electrical diagrams of LED rechargeable lamps, including those with charging from a household network. The principle of operation and alteration of the circuit to eliminate circuitry errors are considered. Examples of repairing flashlights and replacing a standard Chinese battery with a Russian analogue are given. More details.

The article demonstrates the technology of replacing an acid battery with a lithium-ion one using the example of modernizing a Chinese LED flashlight. Recommendations for choosing a controller for charging and choosing a lithium-ion battery are given, an electrical diagram is given. The technology of restoring lithium-ion batteries after deep discharge is described. More details.

Classification of electroshock devices according to the effectiveness of exposure in accordance with GOST R 50940-96. Electrical diagram and principle of operation. An example of repairing a stun gun with your own hands. How to replace the battery. More details.

Methods for attaching the drill chuck to the shaft of a drill and screwdriver. Marking of drill chucks with Morse taper and thread. What is the best drill chuck for a drill in terms of clamping method. How to unscrew a cartridge fixed with a threaded connection from a drill with your own hands. More details.

Technology has stepped forward so far that now it is difficult to imagine at least one apartment not lined with many household items. And even the most modern and expensive ones are prone to breakdowns, which determines the ever-growing relevance of the services of technicians to repair technicians. If you are well versed in electrical appliances and keep an eye on new items and ways to fix them, then this business is for you.

Not everyone can repair equipment that has failed on his own - this is often done by specially trained people with the baggage of experience and the necessary knowledge. You can make good money out of your home appliance repair skills. On average, one order brings a net income of 1-2 thousand rubles. - there can be more than 50 such orders per month, and eventually more than 100.

With a lack of finance, you can do with diagnostics and repairs with a visit to the client's house. In this case, there is no need to rent a room for a workshop, and you can choose a narrow specialization in the repair of large-sized equipment (refrigerators, stoves, dishwashers). The costs will include the purchase of the most needed tools and measuring instruments for the job, as well as the round trip.

By opening a workshop with one or more pick-up points around the city, you will greatly expand your horizons for attracting potential customers. To work in your own premises, you will need more investments (rent, furniture, various equipment, spare parts), but they quickly pay off with a skillful approach to work. A workshop means more opportunities for repair, and besides, it is always solid and attractive for large customers. You can work for a specific brand (SAMSUNG, LG, Bosch) and on its behalf - you need to contact representatives.

In addition to the main offer of equipment repair services, provide a wide range of additional services that increase the profitability of your business: service and maintenance, installation and connection, sale of spare parts. As bonuses, you can provide discounts for large orders, privileges, tight deadlines, free diagnostics.

Receiving regular profit from the performance of the service requires registration with the tax authority. For a full-fledged workshop dealing with organizations, it is preferable to register as an LLC; for a private master - it is optimal to choose an individual entrepreneur.

The tax regime also depends on the direction of work. Repair of household appliances belongs to the type of activity that falls under UTII (in this case, you pay a fixed tax on the income imputed by the local authorities).If your service will be provided to organizations, you will have to apply for the use of the simplified tax system (then the tax depends on the income and expenses received).

When planning to repair equipment, coming to customers at home, you can limit yourself to the following expenses:

A car (if you don't have a personal one, you can rent or buy a used one for 50-100 thousand rubles).
Transportation costs (gasoline, oils, maintenance).
Tools (soldering iron, screwdrivers, ammeter, etc.).
Registration (800 rubles for the state fee).