DIY crankshaft sensor repair

In detail: do-it-yourself crankshaft sensor repair from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

The crankshaft position sensor is responsible for synchronizing the supply of the fuel mixture and ignites the composition in the chamber. Thanks to the crankshaft analyzer, the engine controller determines at what point it is necessary to send gasoline to a specific cylinder. Most modern vehicles are equipped with inductive sensors. The analyzer reacts to the movement of the generator drive. For this, the generator wheel has certain teeth and a control gap. At the moment the control cavity passes by the sensor, the analyzer generates a certain signal, which is then transmitted to the controller.

Adjustment of the propulsion system operation on a modern vehicle largely depends on the correct operation of various analyzers. Today, a vehicle is equipped with a large number of sensors. If one of them breaks down, the car engine starts to work incorrectly. The crankshaft position sensor is one of the most important analyzers of the propulsion system. If the analyzer malfunctions, the car engine loses its original performance. Therefore, in the event of sensor malfunctions, timely diagnostics are required.

Difficulty starting the propulsion system.
Incorrect engine idling.
Decreased motor performance.
Increased load on the motor system.

Modern VAZ 2110 engines are equipped with various types of PKV sensors. Therefore, if it is necessary to replace the sensor, you need to use a device similar to the standard one. To identify the model of the device installed on your car, you should refer to the manufacturer's accessories instructions.

Video (click to play).

Checking the crankshaft sensor, a procedure that every motorist can carry out with the presence of the appropriate tool: a multimeter and a screwdriver. Despite the simplicity of diagnosing DPKV, this procedure will cost a lot in a car workshop. Therefore, most motorists are interested in the question - how to check the crankshaft position analyzer on a VAZ 2110 car with their own hands?

In case of occurrence of the indicated malfunctions, which indicate a violation of the sensor function, it is necessary to start diagnostics in a timely manner. One of the most common reasons for sensor diagnostics is a decrease in engine power. It is also necessary to start checking the DPKV VAZ 2110 when the indicator is active, indicating the need to check the motor system.

In order to diagnose the analyzer, you need to find out its location. The component instructions of the manufacturer VAZ will also help us in this. At 2110, the analyzer is positioned above the oil compressor valve near the generator.

In order to make sure that the cause of the malfunction of the motor system was a breakdown of the sensor, it is necessary to check its operability. In order to dismantle the analyzer, we need a 10 key. Before proceeding with the removal of the analyzer, it is necessary to put special marks on the sensor and the crankcase in order to remember the initial position of the device.

The first stage of the check is visual diagnostics of the element for mechanical damage to the DPKV. If the visual diagnostics did not give an answer to the question that arose, it is necessary to continue the check using special devices.

1. The first diagnostic method involves the use of an ohmmeter. Use a tester to determine the winding resistance.The optimal resistance indicated by the manufacturer of the VAZ 2110 is from 550 to 750 Ohm. The resistance may differ depending on the specific analyzer model. If the indicators of the control and measuring device differ from those indicated by the manufacturer, it is necessary to replace the analyzer with a similar one. The device of the 2110 crankshaft position sensor is quite simple and in most cases the analyzer fails as a result of wear. Several reasons can lead to premature wear of the crankshaft analyzer: excessive contamination, mechanical damage or factory defects.

2. The next diagnostic method will require the use of a voltmeter. In this case, it is necessary to measure the inductance and check the transformer. The check procedure is the same as above. For the correct readings of the devices, it is best to check at home. The inductance must correspond to a redistribution from 200 to 4000 mH. The supply resistance of the analyzer winding is 500 V.

1. First you need to turn off the ignition system and dismantle the device connector.

2. After that, using a 10 key, unscrew the analyzer fasteners and dismantle the DPKV.

3. We install a serviceable sensor according to the previously made marks.

4. In case of replacement of the sensor, it is necessary to repeat its original position.

It is necessary to change the sensor only after carrying out detailed diagnostics. For replacement, it is important to use the analyzer recommended by the manufacturer. Otherwise, there is a possibility of improper operation of the propulsion system. During the work, carefully follow the instructions provided and the manufacturer's recommendations. Correct installation of the new unit and the use of original parts will help restore engine performance and return the car to its original performance. Replacing the DPKV is a simple, but sometimes necessary procedure. Every car owner can handle the replacement of the crankshaft analyzer. There is no need to overpay for the services of car workshops, when the work can be done efficiently and efficiently with your own hands.

The crankshaft position sensor is a component of the electronic engine management system that is responsible for information about the position of the crankshaft, which ensures accurate fuel injection. Its task is to determine at what moment it is necessary to supply the air-fuel mixture to the cylinders. Also, this device can be referred to as a TDC sensor or a synchronization sensor.

The main purpose of the DPKV is to ensure the synchronization of the operation of the ignition system and injectors.

The design of the sensor is the simplest: the nylon frame is wrapped in copper wire and fixed with a steel core. The wire is insulated with enamel. Compound resin is taken as the basis of the sealant.

During operation, the crankshaft position sensor sends pulses to the ECU, as a result of which the control unit receives information about the position of the crankshaft relative to TDC in the first and fourth cylinders, the direction of its movement. The ECU, having processed the received information, can clearly send signals at the right moment to control the moment of fuel supply and its ignition, the load of the fuel pump.

Magnetic.
Hall sensor (in parallel, it acts as an ignition distribution sensor).
Optical sensor.

A sensor is installed near the drive toothed pulley, fixed on a special bracket. A distinctive feature from other sensors is that a wire 50-70 cm long and a special connector are suitable for it.

On average, if the crankshaft sensor malfunctions, several symptoms are distinguished:

1. Increased engine load due to detonation. Detonation appears due to the fact that the TDC sensor either does not work correctly or is completely defective, then the fuel - air mixture is ignited too early.

2. Idling is too erratic.

3. Significant reduction in power ratings that do not illuminate the readings on the dashboard.

4. When driving, the reduced dynamics is constantly noticeable.

5. The increase or decrease in revs occurs without the participation of the driver.

6. A signal appeared on the instrument panel “Check engine».

In addition to six possible signs of a malfunction, if the engine stops starting for no reason, then the crankshaft position sensor may also become unusable.

Before removing the sensor from the seat, it is necessary to paint over or in other ways mark its position on the engine, so that when installing back the marks are aligned correctly, otherwise it threatens to malfunction in the fuel supply and ignition system.

You also need to immediately inspect the sensor wire for a break, and then resort directly to the sensor diagnostics. It is important to inspect the crankshaft crown for broken teeth, which leads to incorrect operation of the sensor.

There are several ways to analyze the operation of this device. Before checking by one of any methods, the sensor must be dismantled and started checking.

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The first step is to conduct an external examination. The first step is to exclude or establish damage to the case, terminal blocks or core. Often, the usual cleaning of the core and contacts from all kinds of contamination prolongs the trouble-free operation of the sensor. If there is no external damage, then it is necessary to proceed with a deeper check.

The first method is to ring the sensor with a resistance (ohm) multimeter. The winding is ringing, the normal resistance of which varies from 550 - 750 Ohm. This method is an accurate indication of whether the sensor is correct or not.

The second method is to ring the resistance of the sensor winding per mOhm. After this measurement, you should find out the inductance (MHz). The norm for the TDC sensor is 200-400 MHz. To measure this indicator, you will need a voltmeter and a network transformer. This method is more complicated than the second one, as it takes more time, but these indicators give the correct information about the operation of the sensor.

If it is not possible to carry out the diagnostics yourself, then you can resort to the help of specialists who, using an oscilloscope and a special program, will be able to clearly indicate the serviceability of the part.

Absolutely any malfunction regarding the crankshaft position sensor directly leads to its replacement. There are two exceptions:

- the synchronization sensor may be dirty, which led to its incorrect operation. The sensor should be wiped with a dry cloth slightly soaked in gasoline and thoroughly cleaned all dirt and dust;

- the sensor tends to be magnetized during diagnostics. You can demagnetize it using a mains transformer.

As a preventive measure, you should sometimes wash the engine so that dust, dirt and oil do not interfere with the proper operation of not only the crankshaft position sensor, but also the rest of the electronic systems.

Mechanical damage.
A short circuit between the turns inside the winding, as a result of which the incorrect generation of pulses to the engine control unit begins. (applies to pulse encoders, which are widespread).
The crankshaft revolutions cannot rise above 3000 - 4000 rpm.

Immediately before removing the old part, you need to mark the ratio of the bolts securing the sensor to its body. The sensor should be installed using only new hardware, since the previously used ones will not be able to provide the required tightening torque, which will affect the imminent wear of the new TDC sensor.

The crankshaft position sensor is one of the most important parts in the electronic engine management system. It is also a device that, if it fails, makes it impossible to start the engine, therefore it is important to carry this part with you at all times. Its cost is not high and its dimensions allow it to be carried in any branch for small items.Sensor diagnostics does not take much time and labor, as well as its replacement. The main thing is to follow the clear rules for dismantling and installation. Correct and timely care not only for the timing sensor, but also for other parts, will contribute to the long operation of all engine components.Crankshaft sensor malfunctioning symptoms warn the driver that urgent repairs are needed, and has a direct impact on engine performance. This unit pinpoints the moment when hot should be supplied to the internal combustion engine cylinder. If the sensor malfunctions are not eliminated, the engine will stop running.The crankshaft speed sensor is a device that is installed on vehicles equipped with an electronic engine management system. It allows the engine to control the position of the crankshaft. This kind of control is required in order to ensure the stable operation of the fuel injection system.Symptoms of a malfunction of the crankshaft sensor can cause the engine to stop, therefore, it is necessary to notice the main signs of a DPKV malfunction in time. A disruption in the operation of the DPKV provokes the occurrence of malfunctions in the power system, which begins to block the timely supply of fuel. This results in the ignition system not igniting the fuel-air mixture. Image - DIY crankshaft sensor repair

The location of the DPKV is a bracket that is located in the central part of the pulley on the generator drive. It is installed next to the drive pulley structure with 1-1.5mm spacing.

To replace the sensor or to adjust it, it is necessary to connect a wire 50-70 cm long to it. To set or correct the position, you need to adjust the washer, which is fixed above the DPKV landing socket.

Before changing this device, it is recommended to diagnose it. Many motorists are worried about what else needs to be done before removing it - measurements should be taken of the ratio of the bolts to the body and the position of the DPKV.

Many are interested in the question of why a crankshaft sensor is needed. This device directly affects the performance of a car engine.

A violation provokes a malfunction of the internal combustion engine or a stop of the engine, which affects the operation of the engine.

synchronization of the fuel injectors;
synchronization of the ignition system.

The principle of operation of the DPKV boils down to the fact that it sends a signal to the ECU. This message indicates the position in which the crankshaft is located. This signal contains information about the frequency and direction of rotation of the crankshaft.

The system of this element of the crankshaft includes:

Sensor coil
Frame
Sealant
Drive unit
Mounting bracket
Magnetic circuit
Sync disk

Repair involves the need to ring the DPKV using an ohmmeter. For these purposes, it is necessary to measure the resistance on the winding of the unit.

Crankshaft Position Sensor Malfunction Symptoms:

violation of the smooth combustion process of the fuel-air mixture (detonation) in the engine under dynamic load;
idling speed becomes unstable;
low level of vehicle engine power;
decrease in the level of vehicle dynamics;
the engine does not react to ignition, i.e. it won't start;
the car jerks in the direction of travel;
uncontrolled increase or decrease in speed.

Failures in the functioning of the DPKV may be periodic and not always make themselves felt. In this case, it is necessary to use the service of computer diagnostics of the engine, which can accurately determine the cause of the problem.

A short circuit between the turns in the DPKV winding. As a result, the pulses get lost to the ECU. The device needs to be replaced here.
Breakage of the teeth of the driving ring.
Non-working contacts that are in the winding and wire feed system. In these circumstances, it is not necessary to change the DPKV, but the connection and winding should be cleaned.
The basis for the failure of the DPKV may be the presence of mechanical damage, which was received during the period of work under the hood.
Another circumstance that caused a breakdown of the crankshaft may be the ingress of foreign objects into the area between the DPKV and the toothed pulley.

These errors and vehicle malfunctions can be caused by other breakdowns. The crankshaft position sensor, the symptoms of which may be due to various circumstances, must be carefully checked.

There are 3 ways to check for a malfunction of the crankshaft sensor:

measurement with an ohmmeter;
checking the inductance value;
using an oscilloscope.

Checking the crankshaft position sensor using an ohmmeter:

For this test, you need to purchase a multimeter.
It must be placed in the position of resistance measurement.
Then measure the resistance level of the inductance coil: touch the terminals of the coil with the probes of the device.
The allowed value is 500-700 Ohm.
If the measurement results are in the specified range of values, then the crankshaft is normal.

Checking the crankshaft sensor using an inductance measurement:

You need to get a megohmmeter, a network-type transformer. You also need to purchase an inductance meter and voltmeter.
Using a multimeter, measure the inductance.
Normal values are 200-400 mH.
Using a megohmmeter, measure the insulation resistance between the coil wires.
The received data should not be lower than 0.5 Mohm.
The coil is demagnetized using a mains transformer.
A deviation from the norm indicates that a replacement of the crankshaft sensor is required.

The oscilloscope gives a complete picture of the state of the DPKV. To diagnose, you must perform the following steps:

Connect the probes to the wires that lead to the coil.
Open the oscilloscope software.
Hold a metal object in front of the DPKV.
All data will be displayed on the screen.

If the DPKV detects the movement of a metal object, then the sensor is in good working order. This diagnostic method is recommended to be carried out with the engine running, so the results will be more accurate. To do this, you will need to connect the probes in parallel to the sensor leads.

In fact, the crankshaft position sensor serves as an analog transmitting device for synchronizing the process of ignition of the fuel mixture in the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine exactly at the moment of its compression by the piston. The signal is transmitted to the on-board computer, the sensor itself is mounted near the engine flywheel.In electronic ignition systems of modern cars, the fuel mixture is injected into the cylinders and the spark is supplied from the spark plug after it has been compressed by the on-board computer. The DPKV sensor is used to determine the spatial position of the pistons at each moment of time. It is this electronic device that transmits a signal to the ECU for the implementation of the specified sequence of actions by electronic ignition of a car. Image - DIY crankshaft sensor repair

Regardless of which modification the crankshaft sensor is used, the symptoms of a malfunction of this device are expressed in the absence of a spark / fuel injection or a violation of this cycle. In other words, the internal combustion engine is either impossible to start, or the engine stalls spontaneously after a while.This indicates that the piston position signal at the bottom and top dead center is distorted.

Less often, the wire connecting the DPKV with the ECU is damaged, in this case the signal does not go to the on-board computer, the engine operation is impossible in principle.

Such a device cannot be mounted on cars without an on-board computer and on carburetor motors. Therefore, DPKV is present only on diesel and injection engines. To find out the location of the crankshaft sensor, you must take into account the features of its operation:

parts of the crank-connecting rod group, pulleys and a flywheel are attached to the crankshaft;
The KShM is hidden in a pallet, belts of the same gears are put on the pulleys, so it is very difficult to fix the sensor near these parts;
the flywheel is the largest part, it belongs to several engine systems at once, so the DPKV connection is carried out near it to ensure quick access during replacement.

Note: The crankshaft position sensor is considered a non-repairable electronic device. It is diagnosed and replaced when faults are identified as a whole.

In addition to the crankshaft sensor, a DPRV sensor can be installed in the internal combustion engine, which is responsible for supplying the fuel mixture and spark to a specific engine cylinder. It is not the main electrical appliance, unlike the crankshaft, it is installed on the camshaft. Its second name is a pulse-type phase sensor.

If the DPRV is faulty, the motor will not stop working, but the injectors will work twice more often in parallel-pair mode until the malfunctions are eliminated.

In order for the sensor to transmit a signal through the wire to the microcontroller of the ECU, the following principle is used:

two flywheel teeth are specially omitted;
when the whole flywheel teeth rotate near the DPKV, they distort the magnetic field that occurs in the coil of the device;
at the moment of passage near the sensor of the section of the crown with the missing tooth, the interference disappears;
the device sends a signal about this to the ECU, and the computer determines the exact position of the pistons in each cylinder.

Correct operation is possible only with a gap of 1 - 1.5 mm between the teeth of the flywheel rim and the electrode of the device. Therefore, there are adjusting washers above the DPKV landing socket. And a wire of 0.5 - 0.7 m length suitable from the ECU is equipped with a turnkey connector.

The ECU software allows you to calculate the position of the pistons in cylinders I and IV when a signal is received and the direction of rotation of the shaft. This is enough to correctly generate signals to the fuel supply and ignition sensor.

Structurally, this sensor is made of an LED and a receiver. The signal arises in the receiver when it passes the section of the flywheel with ground teeth, since at this moment the LED beam is not covered by the rest of the intact teeth.

These simple steps do not allow using the device for any additional operations. If a breakdown occurs (ignition out of sync), the DPKV is replaced along with the wire.

The crankshaft position sensor, which operates according to the potential difference in the cross-section of metals (Hall effect), has an additional function of distributing the ignition to the combustion chambers of the cylinders.

A fairly simple principle of operation of the sensor is based on the occurrence of voltage due to a change in the magnetic field. This appliance will not work without a flywheel with two ground teeth.

Unlike previous modifications, the magnetic crankshaft position sensor works on the basis of electromagnetic induction:

a field is constantly generated around the device;
voltage for the signal to the microprocessor arises only when passing the section of the flywheel rim with missing teeth.

Shaft position monitoring is not the only option of this device; in addition, it serves as a shaft speed sensor.

Since the magnetic device and the Hall sensor are multifunctional devices, they are most often used in engines.

Even with a dense arrangement of components and assemblies of the machine under the hood, manufacturers are trying to ensure the availability of DPKV for quick replacement on the road. Therefore, it is quite simple to understand where the crankshaft sensor is located:

it is located between the alternator pulley and the flywheel;
the wire is long enough to freely connect it to the on-board network;
on the seat there are adjusting gaskets for setting a gap of 1 - 1.5 mm.

Thanks to the turnkey head, even a novice driver can remove the sensor.

Traditionally, for most electrical appliances in the on-board network, some symptoms of a malfunction of the crankshaft sensor are determined visually. For example, if Check lights up on the dashboard, the driver has a device for reading the error code, the controller will show a count of 19 or 35.More often there are other malfunctions:

spontaneous engine shutdown;

lack of launch;

emergency operation of injectors / injectors twice as often as the set cycle (DPRV failure).

One of the methods available for self-diagnosis in this case is to "ring" the tester. The internal resistance of the sensor winding should be within the range of 500 - 800 Ohm.Repair may be required in case of mechanical damage to the device. For example, if dirt or foreign objects get on the surface of the flywheel crown, the signal will be distorted by them.The sync disk can be accidentally magnetized during diagnostics. In this case, the repair consists in demagnetizing according to a special technique using a transformer at the service station.If the resistance of the coil winding does not correspond to the specified parameters, the car owner usually finds out about this by indirect signs:

revolutions jump arbitrarily;

the dynamics of movement disappears or the power of the internal combustion engine is lost;

idling speed "float";

detonation occurs during operation.

Attention: Since the indicated malfunctions may be caused by other reasons, it is better to visit the workshop for computer diagnostics. As a last resort, you should check the crankshaft sensor using available methods.In case of interruptions in the operation of the internal combustion engine, there can be many reasons. However, despite the somewhat awkward location, diagnosing the crankshaft sensor is the least time-consuming process. Then, based on the results of the breakdown, you can look further or replace the crankshaft sensor if the check revealed its malfunction. The principle of diagnostics is from simple to complex, that is, visual inspection, then checking with an ohmmeter, then with an oscilloscope or on a computer.Attention: To check the DPKV, it is recommended to dismantle it, so you should immediately put a mark on its position relative to the case.

The thing is that it is the crankshaft speed sensor that synchronizes the fuel supply and the ignition moment by transmitting pulses to the ECU of your car.

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The first sign of engine malfunction, in general, is a noticeable decrease in its dynamics while driving. This can, of course, indicate any malfunction that has occurred in the engine. But, the controller will fix it and light up the "CHECK ENGINE" indicator on the dashboard. Image - DIY crankshaft sensor repair

Symptoms in engine operation such as:

at idle speed, the engine has unstable speed;
the engine has a spontaneous decrease or increase in speed;
tangible, even without instruments, decrease in engine power;
under dynamic load, detonation occurs in the engine;
finally, the elementary impossibility of starting the engine.

These are the most characteristic signs that the crankshaft speed sensor, timing pulley or generator is faulty.

First of all, let's pay attention to the crankshaft position sensor, how to check it so that the test result shows with accuracy that it is the sensor that is faulty.Why check the crankshaft position sensor first?

It's simple. Although the timing sensor is usually located in an awkward place on the engine, diagnosing it will take the least of your time and resources. And the diagnostics will show if the sensor is working properly or if the crankshaft speed sensor needs to be replaced.

There are several options for checking the health of the sensor. Each of them is carried out using certain devices. Let's take a look at two of the most commonly used crankshaft sensor test methods.Experts recommend removing the crankshaft sensor in any case. In this case, it is necessary to fix with marks its initial position on the engine. Removing the sensor is accompanied by its external examination. Image - DIY crankshaft sensor repair

A visual check of the crankshaft sensor allows you to determine the presence of damage on the sensor housing, the condition of the core, the terminal block and, of course, the contacts themselves. All existing contaminants on the contacts or core are removed with alcohol (you can use gasoline). The sensor contacts must be clean

When dismantling, pay attention to the distance between the synchronization disc and the sensor core. It should be between 0.6-1.5 mm. If visual inspection did not show any visible faults, we proceed to search for "hidden threats" in the electrical circuit of the crankshaft speed sensor.

Diagnostics of the sensor using an ohmmeter. With an ohmmeter, we measure the resistance of the synchronization sensor winding. A working sensor should show parameters in the range of 550-750 ohms.

To calm your inner doubts, before starting measurements, check the exact parameters specified by the manufacturer in the Operating Instructions for your car. Figures outside the specified parameters indicate a malfunction of the crankshaft sensor, which means that the sensor needs to be replaced.

The second option for checking the crankshaft sensor, more voluminous. To do this, you will need:

voltmeter, preferably digital;
megohmmeter;
inductance meter;
network transformer.

For the correctness of the indicators when measuring the sensor, the recommended air temperature is 20-22 0 C. The winding resistance is measured with an ohmmeter and in the manner indicated above.

To measure the inductance of the winding of the crankshaft speed sensor, an inductance meter (inductive coil, capacitance and resistance) is used. The inductance should be within 200-400 MHz.

Insulation resistance is checked using a megohmmeter. This parameter at a voltage of 500V should not be higher than 20 MΩ.

If in the process of repairing the sensor an inadvertent magnetization of the synchronization disk occurs, then demagnetization is carried out using a network transformer.

Based on the results obtained during test measurements, you get data about a sensor malfunction, or, conversely, its serviceability. When installing an old or new sensor, carefully install it in its seat using the marks. Do not forget about the distance that should be between the synchronization disk and the core (0.5-1.5 mm).

Good luck with checking the crankshaft speed sensor.

The constant improvement of power plants has a positive effect on the general characteristics of the engine, but not very much on the general technical part of the car. After all, the simpler the mechanism, the higher its reliability.This is what the crankshaft position sensor looks likeFor clarity, you can consider the fuel system of a gasoline engine. Previously, the carburetor was responsible for mixing and dosing fuel in an engine with such a system. Almost completely mechanical design of the carburetor itself. Only at the last stage of the application of the carburetor power system were they used idle solenoid valves. This ensured high reliability, a violation in the operation of the carburetor could only result in its strong pollution or violation of the adjustments.But these faults were eliminated quickly and at virtually no cost.But the carburetor could not provide an accurate dosage of fuel at different operating modes of the engine, which led to a constant excessive consumption of fuel.Over time, the carburetor power supply system of the gasoline engine was replaced by an injection system. This system in its design implies the presence of an electronic control unit for the system. The presence of the unit made it possible to accurately control the dosage of fuel under different operating conditions of the engine. This has a positive effect on both fuel consumption and engine power rating, since enough fuel enters the combustion chamber to ensure maximum power output.But structurally, the injection system is more complicated, and in order for the electronic control unit to perform its work correctly, the engine must be equipped with a large number of sensors that make certain measurements, on the basis of which the electronic unit performs its function. Among such devices there is also a crankshaft position sensor, or in a simpler way, a crankshaft sensor.A crankshaft sensor on an injection engine is needed to determine the angular position of the crankshaft, as well as to determine the moment the first and last pistons pass the top dead center (TDC). This sensor transmits these indicators to the electronic unit, which determines the crankshaft speed and, based on this, makes a correction in the ignition system and the fuel supply system.The principle of operation of the crankshaft position sensor. There may be more or less teeth, depending on the engineMost often, induction crankshaft sensors are used on cars. Its work is based on a change in the magnetic field that the device creates when a metal object passes through it. On engines, this is implemented as follows: a special metal toothed synchrodisk is installed on the crankshaft, usually it is installed on the generator drive pulley. There is a toothed rim around the circumference of this disc, but two teeth in a row are missing in one place. The crankshaft sensor is located opposite this disc at such a distance that the tips of the teeth fall into the magnetic field of the sensor. The crankshaft position signal is those two missing disc teeth. The place of the disc, on which there are no teeth, passes through the magnetic field of the sensor, changing it. The sensor detects this change and transmits it to the control unit.Since, on the basis of the signals of this sensor, the dosage of the fuel and the ignition system is adjusted, its malfunction leads to distortion of the signals and, as a consequence, interruptions in the functioning of the power plant or the impossibility of starting.Signs of a broken crankshaft sensor are:

engine not starting and "Check engine" signal;

Difficulty starting the engine;

instability of the motor in different modes;

a noticeable drop in the motor power indicator for no apparent reason;

with an increase in the load, detonation of the motor appears.

If at least one of these indicators of malfunction appears, you should find out if the sensor is the cause of the engine malfunction. But for this you need to know how to check the crankshaft sensor.Before checking, you need to know where the crankshaft sensor is in order to remove it from the vehicle. Since the synchronization disk is located on the drive pulley, you need to look for it there. It is located close to the disc, it is installed in its seat and secured with one or two bolts. Before removing, its wiring must be disconnected from the chip. Image - DIY crankshaft sensor repair

The crankshaft position sensor is located on the engine flywheel housing

When dismantling it, it is important to mark its position in order to then correctly put it in the seat. First, you need to give a visual assessment of the condition of the sensor. Its body must not be damaged. Over time, the core of this sensor can become covered with dirt, which can also affect the reading.Before checking, it must be thoroughly cleaned of dirt. To do this, you can use a rag soaked in alcohol or gasoline.

Checking the condition of the sensor can be superficial, in which only the resistance of its winding is measured, or deep, in which all the main parameters are checked. Let's consider both types of verification:

Measuring the resistance of the crankshaft sensor winding

For a superficial check, it is enough to have only an ohmmeter. Using this device, the resistance of the winding is measured. This indicator may differ on different cars, but usually it is 550-700 ohms. If, when measuring, the resistance readings are more or less, the sensor is not working properly.
A deep check is more complicated and requires a megohmmeter and an inductance meter.

A megohmmeter measures the insulation resistance of the sensor when a voltage of 500 V is applied to it; at this voltage, the resistance should exceed 20 megohms.

The inductance meter checks the inductance of the sensor. For a working sensor, this indicator should be at the level of 200-350 MHz.

These sensors are non-separable and cannot be repaired. Therefore, if the check showed it to be defective, then it is simply replaced.So, we know where the crankshaft sensor is, since it was removed before that. Such a situation as with one of the devices - a lambda probe, when it is possible to use a universal sensor, you just need to solder the wires under the chip, there is no crankshaft sensor. And this is because the external parameters of this sensor may differ in different cars, so you will need to purchase this sensor only for a specific car model.The seat must be well cleaned before installation. When installing a new crankshaft sensor, it is important to take into account such a parameter as the distance from the core to the synchrodisk crown. This parameter can be found in those. documentation for the car. Before installation, you need to measure this distance. To do this, you can use a caliper.First, you need to measure the distance from the edge of the sensor seat to the apex of the synchrodisk tooth. Then you need to measure the overhang of the core. To properly adjust the distance, you can use washers of different thicknesses.The marks made when removing the device will help to correctly install the sensor in place. In order not to disturb the distance again, it is advisable to fix the new sensor with the old fasteners. When tightening the bolts, do not apply strong force in order not to crush the sensor body.After installation, you will need to reset the on-board computer to get rid of the "Check engine" signal. Then it is already possible to check the performance of the power plant in different operating modes. If the problem persists, then you need to look for the cause further. Image - DIY crankshaft sensor repair