VIDEO It is difficult to imagine a modern kitchen without a good hood that removes cooking odors and renews the air in the room. Although the device of this device is not particularly complex, sometimes problems may arise with its operation. If you are one of people who, in the event of a breakdown of household appliances, try to find the cause of the malfunction on their own, before contacting specialists, then this article is for you. Below we will look at how to repair kitchen hoods with your own hands when typical problems arise.
The main components of any hood are:
an exhaust fan with an electric motor;
speed switching scheme;
lighting lamps;
filters.
Standard electrical wiring diagram for a cooker hood
The fan is undoubtedly the heart of this machine. It is he who ensures the movement of air flows through the filter elements, on which fat is retained. Fan rotation in hoods is provided, as a rule, by a multi-speed induction motor.
For your information! The design of a multi-speed AC motor includes a squirrel-cage rotor and a stator with several independent windings. The change in the engine speed is achieved due to the different connection of the stator windings.
Three-speed motor switching circuit: when the switch is in position L, the rotational speed is minimum, in position H - maximum
The fan itself can be of axial or tangential design. From a performance point of view, the latter are preferable to the former because they are able to create a more stable air flow. From the point of view of reliability, the situation is similar - the loss of one blade will practically not affect the performance of the tangential structure, which cannot be said about the axial one. Therefore, the repair of the kitchen hood with the replacement of spare parts for the exhaust fan in tangential models is carried out less often.
Switching speeds in different models can be implemented by:
buttons;
slide switch;
sensor.
The first two options are the simplest. With the help of buttons or a movable lever, the necessary contacts are switched, supplying voltage to the windings of the electric motor. It is due to their simplicity that such switches are considered to be quite reliable. All that can happen to them is oxidation or burning of contacts. But even in this case, the repair is not particularly difficult.
More expensive models are equipped with touch control. The panel has additional lighting and looks very stylish. However, the maintainability of the sensor is low. Often it is necessary to completely replace a failed control unit, which costs a lot of money.
Cooker hood speed pushbutton switch
Hob lighting is an important part of the cooking process. Modern hoods can be equipped with incandescent lamps, halogen or LED devices, the power and quantity of which depend on the model of the device.
Note! The most economical are LED bulbs. With the same luminous flux, they consume 8-10 times less power than incandescent lamps. In addition, their service life is more than 30,000 hours.
In most cases, any housewife can do the repair of a kitchen hood with a burned-out backlight lamp. However, there are situations where a more professional approach is required with the use of measuring instruments.
Hob lighting
There are two types of filters that can be used in kitchen hoods: grease and charcoal. The grease filter is installed on all models without exception, since without it, the internal components of the device will very quickly become covered with an oily film, which will subsequently lead to their breakdown. According to the number of applications, such filter elements are divided into disposable and reusable. The first ones are made of acrylic, synthetic winterizer or non-woven fabric and must be replaced every 2-3 months. The latter are made of metal, so their service life is equal to the service life of the hood itself.
Carbon filters are installed in recirculation models and are designed to remove odors. The basis of these elements is activated carbon - a high-quality adsorbent that absorbs all kinds of gases very well. Since the resource of carbon filters is not unlimited, they are subject to periodic replacement, approximately 1 time in 3-4 months.
Metal grease filter
Repairing kitchen hoods at home may be required as a result of various operational problems, the most common of which are:
decreased productivity;
lack of lighting;
lack of any reaction to inclusion;
malfunction of the speed switch;
engine breakdown.
Possible reasons: the filter element is clogged, the impeller of the exhaust fan is broken.
Repair: Wash the metal grease filter under water using detergents and / or change the disposable filter. In the event of a fan malfunction (as a rule, one or more blades breaks down), it is necessary to replace it (how to disassemble the hood in the kitchen will be described a little below).
Insufficient performance of the cooker hood is in most cases caused by untimely filter maintenance.
Possible reasons: one of the lighting devices or the lighting switch button is out of order.
Repair: Before you run to the store for a new lamp, you should check its functionality. Incandescent and halogen lamps are checked with a tester (multimeter) in resistance measurement mode. The resistance rating of a thread is usually in the tens of ohms. The absence of readings on the meter indicates a burnt-out filament.
With LED lamps, the situation is somewhat more complicated. Inside such devices, in addition to LEDs, a control driver is installed, which cannot be checked with an ordinary multimeter without disassembling the lamp. In this regard, to test the performance of the LED lamp, it is easier to screw it into the working cartridge.
Important! Before testing a lamp in a different socket, make sure that its rated voltage is 220 V.
If all the lighting fixtures are in good working order, then there is a high probability that the button for turning on the lighting does not work. It can also be checked with a tester - in the pressed state, the resistance between the contacts should be less than 1 Ohm.
Measuring the resistance of an incandescent lamp with a digital multimeter
Possible reasons: lack of mains supply, blown track or fuse.
Repair: In the case when the hood does not respond to any manipulations after it is connected to a 220 V network, first of all it is necessary to check the voltage in the outlet, for which a multimeter is used in the AC voltage measurement mode.
Note! The use of a voltage indicator allows you to determine only the presence / absence of a phase, while a break in the neutral wire cannot be identified using this device.
If everything is in order with the input power, then the track on the control board or the fuse that is installed in the device in order to protect it from voltage surges may have blown.In this situation, repairing a kitchen hood requires at least some basic knowledge of electrical and electronic engineering.
Checking for the presence of voltage at the outlet
Possible causes: The exhaust fan speed switch is faulty.
Repair: Normal wear and tear is the main cause of failure of a pushbutton or slide switch. In terms of maintainability, the buttons are better, since it is possible to replace one element, and not the entire block. If the slide switch began to "junk", then you can try to disassemble it and clean the contacts. However, so that the problem does not return soon, it is more advisable to replace the old switch with a new one.
To replace the button, it is enough to be able to work with a soldering iron
Possible reasons: thermal fuse blown, starting capacitor faulty, motor winding burned out, rotor wedge.
Repair: It is possible to determine the exact cause of engine breakdown by indirect symptoms. If, when turning on any speed, the unit does not make any sound, and there is also no smell of a burnt winding, most likely the thermal fuse has blown.
Note! The thermal fuse is installed directly in the motor housing and burns out due to strong overheating of the windings.
In the event of a "hum" of the engine when power is supplied to it, two options are possible: a malfunction of the starting capacitor or a wedge of the rotor due to poor operation of the grease filter. Well, it's a very bad situation if there is a smell of burning insulation. Only rewinding the engine or buying a new unit will help here.
Asynchronous motor for kitchen hood operation
To repair the hood with your own hands, you need to know how to disassemble it. By following the instructions below, you should not have serious difficulties with this process.
Remove the grease filter located at the bottom of the device.
We unscrew the protective panel (if any).
We disconnect the panel with lighting lamps, having previously disconnected the power connectors.
Next, remove the control board.
This instruction is an example of disassembling a modern cooker hood in a kitchen. It should be noted that in many models, individual blocks are attached independently of each other. For example, to remove the engine, it is not necessary to unscrew the backlight unit.
Advice! If disassembly requires disconnecting connectors or wires, be sure to mark or photograph the items before handling. Thanks to this approach, you will not have any difficulties with connecting blocks during assembly.
In order not to resort to repairing the kitchen hood, you should adhere to the rules for operating this equipment, which are established by the manufacturer. Let's highlight the main points:
If a gas stove is used in the kitchen, the hood should be installed at a height of 70-80 cm from the hob, if an electric one - at a height of 60-70 cm. If the hood is located below this mark, overheating of structural elements with subsequent deformation is possible. At the same time, a higher position will reduce the efficiency of the device.
If there is a manual speed switch, it is advisable to start starting from the lowest stage. Setting the maximum speed immediately will lead to an increase in the load on the electric motor, which can reduce its service life.
Failure to clean or replace the filter elements leads to the fact that grease particles begin to penetrate into the device, covering the engine, control board and backlight with an oil film. In addition, practically no air passes through the clogged filter, so the efficiency of such a hood is zero.
Like any other electrical appliance, the cooker hood must be protected from power surges.Of course, a fuse is usually installed inside the device, but this may not always protect the equipment from unstable network. It is better to cope with this additional installation of a protective relay, which instantly cuts off the power when the voltage deviates too much from the norm.
Voltage relay - additional protection of equipment against power surges
The difficulty of repairing a kitchen hood depends on the nature of the problem. Anyone can change a burned-out light bulb, but serious difficulties may arise with the restoration of the fan operation. If there is no experience in repairing electrical appliances at all, then it is more advisable to contact specialists so that you do not have to buy new equipment.
The preparation of everyday meals and culinary delights is often accompanied by different smells, and they are sometimes not very pleasant, especially if they spread.
The ventilation ducts in our homes, unfortunately, do not always cope with polluted air and odors. This was the reason for the development of various.
For most people, the kitchen has long ceased to be a utility room where food is prepared, food is cleaned, and dishes are washed. The family often gathers here.
In all modern kitchens, there is always an extractor hood. Sometimes there comes a moment when this device fails. Of course, in this case it is necessary to call the repair specialists. But sometimes you can make repairs to kitchen hoods with your own hands - there are no particular difficulties in this lesson.
The hood is very simple and any breakdown can be repaired without the help of a repair team. And today we will tell you how to do it. First, you need to look inside the hood in order to know exactly what is inside it, what parts may fail and how to fix it.
Any device for air purification uses an asynchronous motor, most often single-phase. It is also possible to have a converter control for adjusting the rotation speed. The converter is also responsible for reducing the noise level. A fan is installed on the motor; it can be of 2 types: axial or tangential.
The first type is familiar to everyone - ordinary blades, as on any propeller. Due to them, air is drawn into the system. The tangential type differs from the previous one in the shape of the blades - a set of blades located at an even distance from each other. Due to this shape, a powerful centrifugal force is created, which pushes the air outward.
In addition, the system has a filter, which is usually installed near the entrance. And the last element is the control panel. It can be of a conventional mechanical type or of a more modern type - sensory. Regardless of this, all control elements are contained in one housing, which is easy to replace in the event of a breakdown. But if you have knowledge in electronics, then you can repair the hood with your own hands.
After all the filling has been studied, you can start to repair the kitchen hood yourself. In case of malfunctions, initially you need to look at the filter: it may need to be replaced or cleaned. A dirty filter can easily damage the hood.
But first, if the hood refuses to turn on, you need to check the power light. If it is working, then there is a problem in the power circuit, or the control circuit has failed, or even the engine. The easiest way is to test them separately from the system and then replace them. This is the simplest solution.
The power may not turn on due to a blown fuse. Almost every electronic device is equipped with such an element of protection against voltage surges. It must be checked, and if it is inoperative, then the fuse simply changes. It does not hurt to check the power cord and plug.
Almost all failures that can be observed on kitchen hoods are associated with broken contacts.The winding on the motor may well burn out, or the tracks on the printed circuit boards come off. Without knowledge of electrical engineering, such breakdowns are difficult to fix on your own. Wires, contacts can be connected with a soldering iron, but with the motor winding it is more and more difficult. And do not forget that sometimes it will be easier and cheaper to contact a workshop that repairs kitchen hoods.
Basically, the following breakdowns occur - the backlight or the engine does not work. In this case, the hood repair manual says that the problem is in the power supply. How this can be fixed is described above. On pull-out models of hoods, a similar problem can be observed due to the fact that the limit switch on the bottom does not work. It is enough to adjust it and everything should work if the problem was in it.
If the backlight indicates that the hood is working, but in fact the engine of the device is standing still, then the problem is in the control unit. This is especially likely if it is push-button. On it, the contact of the button itself often burns out. As a result, the gearshift system fails, which prevents the engine from starting. To get rid of this problem, you need to solder the contact that burned out, or replace the entire block. It is not difficult to find a similar analogue of the control loop on the free market.
Vibration waves can cause this problem. It may cause some wires to fall off. To identify such a problem, you need to check all the wires, pull them. If a loose wire is found, it can be soldered.
In such a situation, when a hum is heard from the engine, but it refuses to work, first of all it is necessary to check the fuse in the motor winding. Most likely, the reason is in it. This ceramic fuse is located in the motor housing itself. Therefore, to replace it, you will have to disassemble the case completely.
Then you need to ring the motor winding with special devices. The ringing must be done in at least 2 windings: one of them is working, the other is starting. If the hood provides for speed switching, then there can be significantly more windings, in accordance with the number of speeds.
If the check showed that everything is fine with the fuse, then it is necessary to check the capacitor responsible for turning on the engine. It is enough to look at it: if it is swollen, then it definitely needs to be replaced. If not, then it still does not hurt to check it with a multimeter.
Such a breakdown may occur due to the fact that the lamps have burned out. So, you just need to replace them. It may also be that the problem lies in the power button, especially if there are incandescent lamps. If there are halogen lamps on the backlight and the check showed that they are working, then the reason is in the transformer - it just burned out.
In the case of fluorescent lamps, the cause of the breakdown must be sought in the ballast. The reason may be trivial: the button simply breaks or the contact in the cartridge disappears. Such problems can be easily eliminated by soldering and replacing the button.
If one of the speeds refuses to work, then usually the reason lies in the button. It must be checked for serviceability and, if the reason is in it, replaced. It is also possible that the track on the board is burned out: in this case, it is easier to replace the entire block. In some models of cooker hoods, a capacitor is connected to the motor winding circuit, so that the reason may be in it. It must be found and replaced.
The most common problem is that the hood does not remove odors. Basically, the reason lies in the untimely cleaning of the filters. If there is a charcoal filter in the hood, this may be due to its ineffective operation. It is necessary to see if it can be disassembled. If possible, disassemble the device and replace the granules in it. Anyone can easily handle this. If it is impossible to disassemble it, then the filter is simply changed to a new one.
In the case when a reusable filter is installed in the kitchen hood, everything is much simpler. It is enough to take it out and rinse it thoroughly in water, then dry it and then carefully put it back in place. That's it, the problem is solved. As you can see, most of the breakdowns can be solved on your own, but it is better to consult with specialists, otherwise you can only aggravate the situation.
VIDEO
It's one thing if your cooker hood is already a dozen years old and has been weakly drawing air lately. Here it is already possible not to think about repairs, it is easier to buy new equipment. But what if the purchase has not served you for a year, and the fan is no longer able to cope or is completely out of order? The first step is to find out the cause of the malfunction, and then fix it on your own. The main "culprits" of breakdowns can be:
All these reasons can lead to failure and further repairs, so take into account all the points for the future so that this situation does not arise again!
Now we will proceed as follows: we will list all existing faults in turn and provide instructions on how to repair a hood in the kitchen with our own hands under each one. Breakdowns will be listed from most common to least likely to occur and harder to repair at home.
Very often, the exhaust panel is used to illuminate the work area in the kitchen. This is really convenient and is a competent approach, because in modern technology, powerful LED lamps or halogens are installed.
If your lighting does not work, you must take the following repair measures:
Check the light bulb itself, it may have burned out.
Turn on the fan to see if it works. If the blades are not spinning either, we will talk about how to repair the system a little below. The engine is running - we are looking for the malfunction further.
Check the voltage at the outlet with an indicator screwdriver. Immediately look at the switchboard, possibly knocked out a machine gun. Is the outlet working properly? If so, you need to check the integrity of the electrical cord, then ring the backlight switch and the rest of the circuit with a multimeter. Thus, by elimination, you will find the cause of the malfunction and you will be able to proceed to repairing the hood in the kitchen with your own hands. Usually, hands do not reach this point, tk. most often the light bulb burns out or the socket fails.
The second most popular malfunction of a kitchen hood is that the fan does not pull out well. Not sure what to do in this case? Things are easier here. First of all, check if the filters and grease trap are dirty. Most often, these two components are responsible for the fact that the hood does not draw air into ventilation or does not ventilate well.
VIDEO Another possible situation is the occurrence of a vacuum in a room with closed windows. As a result, the hood will pull weakly or stop drawing air at all. In this case, the repair consists in the fact that you yourself need to open the vents and ventilate the kitchen in a natural way.
Another reason that the hood pulls poorly is the lack of draft in the ventilation duct of the house. In this case, you can check the presence of traction with an ordinary lighter - light a fire and bring it to the ventilation hole in the wall, as shown in the photo. If the flame does not suck into the ventilation hole, it will be necessary to make forced ventilation, which we will talk about below.
If nothing happens when you turn on the button on the panel, it will be much more difficult to repair the hood in the kitchen yourself. This is exactly the case that we talked about above - and the fan does not turn and the light does not turn on.First you need, again, to check the electrical cord, the voltage at the outlet and the machine in the dashboard. If everything works, take a multimeter in your hands and go to the "continuity" of the circuit. First of all, you need to test the switch on the panel, perhaps one of the contacts has burned out (usually the first one). Then look at the diagram where the fuse is located, which burns out at least often.
If the cooker hood hums when it is turned on, it may be due to poor manufacturing quality. A lot of negative reviews about the increased noise level can be found on the Internet. The answer to the question why the system is noisy is quite simple - poor-quality assembly of the product, which in this case cannot be repaired by hand. For example, at such firms as Cata, Kronasteel and Elikor, the rumble during operation is practically inaudible even at maximum speed. We recommend that you immediately familiarize yourself with how to choose the right range hood for your home in order to know the names of the best manufacturers of kitchen appliances!
If you are sure of the quality of the selected product and you probably know that something else is wrong, we recommend that you check the quality of the fixing of the case to the wall / kitchen set. Even a small vibration gap can cause knocking, rustling, ringing. To prevent the equipment from making noise, it is necessary to do the following - tighten all the fasteners or place a piece of foam rubber in the problem area, which will eliminate the knock.
If the engine hums but does not start, the most likely cause of the problem is the fuse. Do-it-yourself hood repair in this case is quite simple - you need to replace the fuse with a new one.
Everything is obvious here - the button in the control unit does not function. You must remove the protective shield and visually inspect the button as maybe the contact just burned out. After that, look at the tracks on the board and ring the circuit with a multimeter.
Backlight repair instructions are provided in the video:
VIDEO In apartment buildings, especially on the last floors, homeowners are faced with such a problem when the hood does not blow out, but blows in, that is, it works in the opposite direction. What to do in this case? The nuisance is that the air blows from the ventilation hole not only in the kitchen, but also from the toilet and bathroom. There are reviews on thematic forums that the easiest way is to take and drown out natural ventilation, but such repairs do not need to be done. In order to repair the central ventilation yourself, which does not suck in, but blows, it is necessary to create forced air intake by installing electric exhaust fans, like Vents. Their cost is relatively low, but the malfunction will be overcome.
VIDEO So we have provided a list of possible malfunctions of the hood. We hope you have found the answer to your question and now you know how to repair a cooker hood in the kitchen with your own hands!
Related materials:
VIDEO
VIDEO
VIDEO The cooker hood is a device for the kitchen that allows you to remove unpleasant odors, evaporation of liquids and fumes during cooking, renewing and freshening the air throughout the room.At the same time, the device itself quickly becomes dirty, and some problems arise in the process of its operation, which it is quite possible to fix it yourself, without resorting to expensive workshop services.
Equipment of any modification of the hood ("Krona", Bosch, Asko, "Elikor") contains standard components:
four-speed motor - provides regulation of the air flow of the exhaust fan. Thanks to this, air masses pass through the filters, in which heavy fat particles are retained;
filters - today there are many different filters for circulation modules: ceramic, carbon, hydrogen, carbon-plastic, fiber-optic, absorption. All of them work on the principle of rough cleaning of all types of material;
lighting lamps. The hob is illuminated with LED lamps, halogen, ultrasonic and other light sources;
By installing a special application on your mobile phone, you can set the operating mode of the kitchen hood.
To understand the causes of possible malfunctions with the hood, you need to know the principle of operation of the device. It is based on two-stroke cleaning of indoor air:
All large molecular particles in the intake air volume are cleaned.
Filters all macro- and microelements of the incoming oxygen.
The further cleaning process depends on the type of apparatus design (combined, circulating, evacuating) and filter elements.
What malfunctions may occur in the work:
a problem with ventilation in the apartment - before installing the hood, it is necessary to check the draft of the exhaust duct. If it gets clogged, then all the circulated air, filled with unpleasant odors, will return back to the apartment or to the neighbors, and condensation will settle on the windows. It is very simple to check the traction force: you need to bring a lighted lighter to the ventilation grill. If the flame deviates in the direction of the air flow, this means that the ventilation is in order;
contamination of the grease trap or filter in the hood - instructions for carrying out preventive work against clogging of filters or self-cleaning of the grease traps are included in the kit along with the hood;
Dirty and clean filter
Switch board and button replacement
Also, the reasons for the poor operation of the device can be a breakdown of the electronic interface, a malfunction of the exhaust fan, poor contact in the plug or socket, loosening of the terminals in the hood housing.
In order to protect the device from power surges, it is worth purchasing a special voltage relay
It is not difficult to repair the hood with your own hands. It is enough to carefully study the mechanism of operation of the device, and the troubleshooting process will not be difficult.
In order for the hood to effectively clean the air in the room, it is necessary to clean the filter from accumulated fatty deposits once a month. Modern manufacturers have tried to make this process as easy as possible for the average consumer.
Before you start disassembling the device, it must be de-energized from the power supply. Then read the instructions, as each hood model is disassembled and cleaned differently.
Filters can be arranged vertically and horizontally. To change the horizontal one, it is necessary to place the slide in the “roll-out” position, then remove the filter, assess the degree of its contamination. If necessary, replace it with a new one or wash it in soapy water.
With the filter element in a vertical position, remove the hood pan and remove it.
The next step is to remove the duct. This is easy to do: you just need to pull it towards you and get it out of the ventilation system. We clean the pipe with cleaning reagents.
We check the performance of ventilation with a special device - an oriometer. The air movement rate is 0.3 cubic meters.
Wash the surface of the hood itself with a cleaning cream and a dishwashing sponge.
We assemble the device according to the factory instructions, without deviating from the norms and rules for installing ventilation.
In conclusion, we check the efficiency of the air circulation using devices such as a tachograph and a gas analyzer.
To prolong the life of the hood and keep it working, it is required to regularly clean this device. After all, many people know that over time, fumes, fat, plaque form on this device, which is quite difficult to remove. For this reason, it is important to know how to disassemble the hood in order to clean it.
The device becomes dirty quickly when exposed to various vapors.
Before you start cleaning your device, there are a few steps you should take:
first of all, you need to study the instructions in detail, the important recommendations of the manufacturer, which relate to the correct cleaning of the hood;
it is imperative to carefully study the list of collapsible elements of the device;
before proceeding with disassembly, it is required to disconnect the device from the electrical network;
Dismantling and disassembly of the exhaust device must be carried out in accordance with the process characteristics in the technical documentation - this will avoid the loss of important parts, as well as put them back into place.
If you want to rinse the hood, namely its important parts, then you must disassemble it. When disassembling, observe the following rules:
the first step is to remove the upper surface of the case;
then the mesh is removed, which covers the internal cleaning device;
all important parts and the retainer must be removed and placed in a separate container with soapy water. Leave them there for a while, so that the grease and burning deposits come off them;
then the filter is removed;
at the end, a pipe is unscrewed, which is designed to remove contaminated air into the ventilation system.
Cleaning chemicals
Video (click to play).
After all parts are removed, you can start washing the device. It also requires cleaning all removed parts. When washing, you can use special cleaning agents - both chemical and homemade.
