Do-it-yourself electrical wiring repair in Khrushchev

August 3rd. I drew up a plan, a diagram in advance, put and connected the meter to the corridor (it was stolen from the entrance), from it 2 machines for 25A, called an electrician from the office and registered it. And what will happen next, they will not see fig. I immediately connected the washing machine through a separate 16A machine. This is enough for me to power an instrument, a TV set, a refrigerator. Now you can start.

The first thing I did was use a hammer drill to gouge the niches with the junction boxes. The “heart” of the wiring is in the corridor above the light switches in the toilet. From there, rays go in the form of channels through the ceilings and walls. Then I ran into the first trouble - I could not remove the wires from the channel leading from the corridor to the toilet. The builders managed to bend the channel pipe by clamping the wires. Tomorrow I will chisel the ceiling to the toilet, tk. through it there is a through channel to the hall and the kitchen.

I also drilled 3 socket outlets in the reinforced concrete partition. Once I ran into the armature, lowered the nozzle 3 cm lower and without any problems. As a result - today I learned that the channels in the panels never run at right angles. If you don’t do the redevelopment, then it’s all over the place, but I’ll have to make a bypass gate in the kitchen, where there will be a door from the hall. Also, when you work on walls adjacent to neighbors, do not spoil their wiring. As in action movies, think 100 times which wire to cut.

5th of August. Today is Saturday, so I did not begin to carry out drilling and crushing work. I went to the construction market, because still have not purchased the crimp sleeves. In special stores they shrug their shoulders, in the city they are not, and where you can buy copper pipes, I don’t know.

Video (click to play).

August 7. Today I worked only in the corridor. He made grooves in the wall at the installation site of the meter and switchboard. At the bottom, the strobe made fasteners for the cables. I drilled a socket for the switch next to the outlet. There was a problem due to neighboring wires: my new cables did not crawl into the narrow channel. I had to cut a separate line to the dashboard. Conclusion: neighboring wires in Khrushchevs create problems when replacing wiring due to narrow channels.

August 9. Today I finally let 2 cables from the corridor, through the toilet to the distribution boxes of the hall-kitchen. He chipped the kitchen with new sockets and switches. I put wires through them, and LEARNED TO WORK WITH ALABAST. Unknowingly, I kneaded 2kg in a bucket and managed to freeze only 1 socket. threw out the rest. It's good that it was not a Fugenfühler of 50 rubles per kg. Tomorrow I will dash the hall, this is about 12 meters of the way.

August 10. Today I have connected the "lighting" group. I laid and froze the cable of the light switch in the hall into the freshly done grooves. I inserted sockets, mounted switches. In the junction boxes, I connected the wires with 4 sleeves by crimping. Before crimping, the EMPTY IN SLEEVES was FILLED WITH CUT WIRES. After crimping, I wrapped it with cotton tape and tightly put on the caps. Tomorrow I go to work for 3 days. Then I will connect the “socket” group. There are still not all the wires spent.

August 18. Today I finally ran the cable through the adjacent wall from the corridor distribution box to the outlet in the hall. To do this, I removed the old wires from the channel. I attached a cable to one of them. In general, for this I advise you to purchase a PVC-insulated cable. I took a chance without. I hooked one core of the cable to the cable, squeezed the rest so that they would cling and use the push-and-push method, dashing from the corridor to the hall, pulled the cable in the hall.

Now I just have to drill a groove from this socket on the same level to the left onto the end wall (I have a corner apartment and sockets on this wall were not provided). Then I will put the socket outlets, and tomorrow I will start assembling the "socket" group in the junction boxes.

August 27. Everything! I, a non-professional electrician, finally managed to change the wiring! No more tripping over extension wires! Further without emotion. Today I connected the wires in the junction boxes by crimping as always. Moreover, maybe this is my know-how, I did not cut the wire in the places of compression, but bent it with pliers and pushed it into the sleeve along with the wire to be connected. It turned out that the cable from the switchboard to the kitchen outlet goes like a whole one.

I used almost completely Chinese press tongs for 180r. I think for a 3-room apartment, if you take new ones, that's enough. Yesterday, near the meter in the corridor, I walled up the cables in the grooves, and today I put a switchboard on them for 3 lines. I connected them, turned them on. First I checked the light, then I walked through all the sockets with a voltmeter. Moreover, he also measured the voltage between the phase and the grounding contact, after which he connected the consumers.

Now, as I promised, about the standard wiring diagram for a panel 1-room Khrushchev, with the application of additional sockets. I didn’t draw the socket in the toilet, it’s too much. The wires go to the sockets in dark blue, and to the lighting in red. For those who follow in my footsteps, the main thing is that the main factory cable channels from the corridor are indicated. along the walls to the outlets, they go directly, without bends. What goes outside the walls goes into the floor slabs. The rest is up to you to decide what to place where.

Now about the costs. Initially, on paper, they amounted to 2500 rubles. of them 1000-shield assembly, 800-wires, the rest - sockets, boxes, etc. In the consequences, the amount increased by approx. 3 times. It included the purchase of a hammer drill, a grinder, a 1.5-fold increase in the price of wires and, finally, my mistakes. For example, 2 imported sockets turned out to be superfluous - 2 wires with a cross section of 2.5 did not fit there, I had to spend on ours, etc. But if you subtract the instrument that has survived, then I'm happy.

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Residents of old Khrushchev often complain about wiring problems. It is worth turning on a heater or other powerful device - it immediately knocks out the plugs, or even worse - the wires begin to burn. However, this is not surprising, since everything has its own service life. For wiring, it is 20-30 years old.

Considering that any Khrushchev building was commissioned more than half a century ago, the owners of such housing have no other choice: in order to ensure a comfortable and safe life for themselves, they will have to change the internal electrical wiring in the apartment.

If earlier in any house there were at most a few household appliances, today there are dozens of them. Even taking into account the fact that nowadays home appliance manufacturers produce very economical equipment, the total energy consumption has still increased significantly. The old wiring of the Khrushchev is definitely not capable of withstanding such a load. The inclusion of several devices in the network at once may well cause a fire.

A signal to the fact that the replacement of the electrical wiring in the Khrushchev is required urgently are the following signs:

• when the electrical equipment is turned on, the sockets spark or melt
• there is a burning smell in the room
• wire ends in switches / sockets break off easily
• walls "breaks through" with current

The appearance of at least two signs from the above list suggests that the overhaul of the electricity distribution in the apartment should not be postponed. Having skills in construction and electrical installation, you can do everything yourself.

The capacity of the intra-apartment electrical route must be sufficient to connect all devices. Replacing the wiring in Khrushchev is made taking into account this requirement. Only in this case, you can be sure that in the future there will be no emergencies due to network overload.

Preparing to do it yourself the installation of a new electrical wiring in Khrushchev, first of all, you should correctly calculate the cable cross-section for laying the route. This requires:

• add up the power indicators of all main electrical appliances used in the household
• add additionally for each device one more 100 watt
• divide the received amount by 220

If the result is a number 15 (or less), then a wire with a cross section of 1.5 mm2... Otherwise, one of two things: either you need to choose a cable with a larger cross-section, or you will have to lay two (or three) wiring lines from the electrical panel.

Before proceeding directly to the replacement of wires, you should draw up a detailed drawing of the new route with a mark of all elements of the electrical system. It must be developed taking into account the convenient connection of all electrical appliances available in the household.

Tip 1... Remember that equipment manufacturers do not recommend connecting powerful electrical appliances to the network through power splitters. Separate sockets must be provided for the electric stove, boiler, air conditioner, etc.

Tip 2... Each room should have at least two branches of cable: for lighting fixtures and for sockets.

After drawing up a drawing plan, you can start purchasing the necessary materials. In addition to the cable, you will need:

• boxes
• switches
• sockets
• rag tape

You should not use system elements that have already been in use, since there is no guarantee that they will retain their original operational properties. By saving on little things, you can get a problem in the future. A worn-out outlet will certainly need to be replaced sooner or later, but if a short circuit occurs in it accidentally, new wiring may also burn out.

To change the internal electrical networks with your own hands, you will also need a set of tools, namely:

• phase indicator
• perforator
• pliers
• screwdrivers
• angle grinder (grinder)
• soldering iron
• terminal blocks
• knife

With everything you need on hand, you can get to work.

The first thing to start with is to completely de-energize the facility. Precautions must be followed strictly so that replacing the wiring with your own hands does not turn into a tragedy. Professional electricians are well acquainted with the safety rules, it is also not superfluous for a home craftsman to study them before starting work.

After making sure that there is really no voltage, you can begin to dismantle the old cable and lay a new route.

In principle, the replacement of the wiring in the Khrushchev can be done through the old cable channels. However, in this case, it will not be possible to transfer the sockets and switches to other places more convenient for the owners of the apartment. If this option does not suit the homeowner, using a puncher, he can lay new grooves with his own hands.

The wires are laid from the dashboard to the premises, or, conversely, from the rooms to the dashboard. The second option is used more often, since it allows not to de-energize the entire apartment for a long time: the cable is replaced sequentially in each of the rooms and connected using terminal blocks to the junction box.

After laying the wire, the grooves are sealed with putty, alabaster or gypsum, and only after they are completely dry, the electrical accessories are installed.

The cable should always be purchased with a margin, so that when cutting off pieces, you can always give a small allowance. This will avoid situations when, when laying the wire in the grooves, several centimeters are not enough to the location of any outlet or switch.

Do not join two pieces of cable together.No matter how reliably the joint is insulated, over time it will oxidize. In addition, when connecting a powerful electrical appliance, the connection point will certainly heat up.

In places of high humidity (bathroom, kitchen, toilet), after laying the electrical wiring, it is imperative to waterproof the walls and ceiling. Moisture penetrating into the micropores of the plaster can penetrate to the wires over time and cause them to oxidize.

Without enough experience, it is better not to undertake such serious work as replacing the wiring. Having saved on the services of an electrician, after a while you can spend a much larger amount, hiring specialists to correct mistakes made when laying and connecting the cable.

The need to replace the electrical wiring in the apartment appears in the event of a major overhaul, the end of the service life, or with a significantly increased demand for the power of the electricity used. Partial replacement can be done to correct wiring faults. The scheme of the current electrical wiring and information about the date of the start of its operation must be contained in the technical passport for the apartment.

The terms of operation of electrical wiring are established by departmental building codes. Aluminum wiring should be used for no more than 20 years, copper can be used for up to 40 years. That is why, when making repairs in an apartment, it is strongly recommended to replace the entire wiring with aluminum conductors with copper wiring.

When erecting new buildings, aluminum wiring is no longer satisfied, and in the apartments of the so-called old fund, it most likely has worked out its term. Replacing the electrical wiring in Khrushchev is mandatory, since such buildings were built more than half a century ago. In addition, the networks were designed for a load of no more than 3-4 kW, and at present, with a large number of household electrical appliances, the need for electricity in one apartment can exceed 10 kW.

You can change the wiring in the apartment yourself without the help of qualified electricians. To do this, you need to know the requirements of regulatory documents and have some skills in work.

Replacement begins with drawing up a diagram of the new wiring and dismantling the old one. The wiring diagram should take into account the need for all electrical appliances in the apartment, lighting, security systems (fire, burglar alarms), communication lines (telephone, Internet, satellite TV).

Power wiring, lighting and low current wiring must be routed separately from one another.

When developing a circuit, first of all, the maximum load from all consumers in the apartment is determined. For this it is necessary to summarize the power of all devices, lighting, electric floor heating systems... Depending on the value obtained, the cross-section of the lead-in cable to the apartment is selected.

To determine this value, it is necessary to multiply the value of the maximum load by a factor of 0.9, taking into account the probability of simultaneous switching on of the entire load. After that, the load value is divided by the value of the effective mains voltage. According to the obtained value of the current, taking it with a margin of 20%, using the table, the cross-section of the main cable is determined.

Conductor cross-section, mm 2

Current *, A, for cords, wires and cables

A switchboard must be provided not far from the front door. Its purpose is to distribute the load on the premises of the apartment. Protective devices for each circuit are installed in the panel. The rooms of the bathrooms are protected using RCDs (residual current devices) or differential automatic devices. The cable cross-sections of each circuit are calculated similarly to the lead-in cable, taking into account the load in each room of the apartment.