Do-it-yourself electrical wiring repair in the apartment

In detail: do-it-yourself repair of electrical wiring in an apartment from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

Do you want to change the wiring in the apartment with your own hands? - It's possible! To do this, it is not necessary to have a valid electrician permit, or an electrician diploma. It is enough to be an electrician in the shower, and have a little technical education and understanding of what you are dealing with. If you do not have enough practical experience, but you really want to change the wiring yourself - this article is for you.

First you need to draw wiring diagram of your apartment... You don't need to be an engineer to do this, because you don't need a sophisticated linear circuit in accordance with GOST. It is enough to draw a schematic drawing "by hand". The wiring diagram is needed in order to properly spread the cable around the apartment, and calculate its approximate amount, as well as determine the load on each future line.

Draw where you will have sockets and switches. At the same time, take into account what household appliances you will include in them, how many and what lamps you will use.

It is not recommended to hang more than 8-10 sockets on one line. Since all the sockets in the line are through-type, then with each subsequent outlet there is a possibility of weakening the contact. Especially do not make many outlets on one loaded line, for example, in the kitchen, it is better not to save money and extend two lines to the kitchen.

Determine the required number of lines and the expected load on them. It is better to divide the lines by zones, for example: kitchen sockets, corridor sockets, bath sockets, room 1 sockets, lighting, etc.

In order for electrical appliances to work without overloading the network, the cable of each line must be of the appropriate section. And if, on the same line (for example, to the kitchen), there are several consumers (and it will be so), then it is necessary to calculate their total capacity and leave safety margin of the cable, that is, select the desired section (wire thickness). The power of all household appliances is always indicated by the manufacturer. For example: a 40W incandescent lamp, and a 6000W hob, etc.

Video (click to play).

In order not to bother with calculations, follow one simple rule. - For outlet lines, use a copper cable with a cross-section of 2.5 sq. Mm, for all lighting 1.5 sq. Mm, and for a hob or instantaneous water heater 4 sq. Mm - and you will be fine!

Each device (consumer) has its own declared maximum power, measured in watts.

The cable must be three-core (phase, zero, earth). Zero is always blue, earth is yellow or yellow-green, phase is any other color... If you change the wiring, do not save on material - always take a cable with a third core (with grounding), because all modern devices have an additional protective terminal, and protective automatics work only with the use of grounding.

It is best to use a VVG-ng cable to replace the wiring. You can, of course, use NYM or PVS, but the advantages of the VVG cable over others are obvious. Firstly, VVG does not need to be crimped with sleeves (soft must be crimped). And secondly, it is smaller and flat, which allows you to make smaller strobes, and it is possible to push the cable into a thin slot (3mm for a three-core cable with a cross section of 1.5mm)

Always take only a cable in accordance with GOST! For example, an excellent cable is Gostovsky VVG ng. This is a very important point in preparation for replacing the wiring! You can save money on automatics or sockets (you can always change them), but do not save on the cable - take a good one.

Determine at what height the sockets and switches will be located, the easiest way is to measure the lines of sockets and switches from the ceiling, because the floors in apartments are often crooked. For example, if the height from floor to ceiling after repair is 250 cm, and you want to raise the sockets by 30 cm, measure 220 cm from the ceiling.If there are several sockets and switches in one group, draw a horizontal line along the level and put a mark every 7 cm (box size 71mm), the same applies to vertical groups.

For lovers of standards, so that it was "like everyone else" or "how they do" - remember they don't exist! There are requirements for kindergartens, kindergartens and schools where sockets and switches are installed at a height not lower than 160 cm.... Everything else, especially at your home, you can do as you like. For example, some make rosettes in the slopes of windows or even in the floor.

Usually, wiring in apartments is carried out either on the floor or on the ceiling. There are other options, such as cable routing under skirting boards or ducts.

Lighting lines, in any case, are laid behind a stretch or false ceiling, if they are not planned to be done, then the ceiling must be channeled. And since the monolith of the ceilings shading is strictly prohibited, you need to apply a layer of plaster to the ceiling, which will allow you to hide the cable without damaging the monolith. We highly do not recommend shaping the ceiling on your own, since you need to know the technology of correct shaping, so that later the whole house does not collapse.

In cases where plastering of the ceiling is not planned, experienced craftsmen find voids in the slab of the monolith with the old cable, and tighten a new one in its place.

Crown for concrete 70mm or 68mm (perforator attachment), holes are drilled for socket outlets. A groove cutter or a grinder is used to cut the grooves for laying the cable. The grooves in the walls should be strictly verticalrather than horizontal or diagonal. The lines from the sockets to the panel are laid in the floor screed or along the ceiling.

If the ceilings are not wooden, then according to the PUE (electrician's bible), cable laying without corrugation is allowed! There is also no need for a floor screed in corrugation, the most important thing is a high-quality cable with good insulation in accordance with GOST! Save money on corrugation, if you do not have drywall or wood (or other flammable materials), then corrugation is not needed!

When you start hammering in the walls, do not forget about the law. It is possible to make noise with a puncher in apartment buildings only at a strictly defined time; each region of the Russian Federation has its own procedures. For example, in Dagestan it is necessary to obtain permission from the elders, in Moscow they simply call the police without talking, and in Taganrog they begin to hammer back. Better to start work on weekdays from 9 to 19, with a break for lunch from 13 to 15.

Before you start chasing, it is highly desirable that the walls and ceilings be plastered with a leveling layer of plaster. Firstly, you will not have any further problems with the final installation of the sockets, since all sockets will be flush with the wall, and not recessed into it (which happens when they are installed before the walls are plastered). And secondly, the slitting will be much faster, since in some places it will not be necessary to cut the monolith.

Check in advance the places where you will chase, so as not to touch the communications - old wiring and plumbing pipes. If you cannot determine where the old wiring goes, call an electrician, or just turn it off in the shield (if you are going to change it all). For the convenience of work - make yourself a temporary carrier (extension cord).

The hole for the sockets is channeled to the full depth of the crown. In order to quickly drill a hole in concrete, mark a circle with a crown, after which any drill, no less than the depth of the crown, drill as many holes as possible around the circumference.After that, chipping with a crown will go much faster, you can say - it will go smoothly. When hitting the reinforcement, it is best to use another crown, in extreme cases, you can knock it down with a spatula. It is better to use a more powerful puncher (do not forget about the neighbors and the police).

Strobes for cable laying go from the socket to the floor or ceiling. It is necessary to lower the strobe down so that the cable calmly lies in the screed and does not stick out in the corner, so you need to know the thickness of the future screed, the same with ceilings. It is best to have a chaser with a vacuum cleaner for these cases, but in extreme cases, you can do with a grinder, with a diamond disc on a stone. In the case of a grinder, take care of your health, put on a respirator and goggles. Close all windows and doors to isolate dust from entering adjacent rooms.

It is not difficult to lay the cable on the floor, it is enough to grab it to the floor in any way so that it does not float up when they are doing the screed. Usually, the cable is laid along the walls (at a distance of 10-15 cm from the wall), so that later you know exactly where the cable goes.

It is worth noting that it is better not to lay the cable under doorways! To lay the cable on the floor, it is better to make through holes between rooms. Otherwise, there is a possibility of damage to the cable when installing the interior sills.

Laying the cable in the groove is also not particularly difficult. You can fix the cable in the groove using dowel clamps or ordinary alabaster (stucco). Alabaster quickly hardens, so it is also convenient to use for mounting socket outlets. But before smearing the strobes with them, it is necessary to remove dust from them and moisten them with water.

If the cable is securely fixed in the groove and does not protrude anywhere, the grooves can be covered with ordinary plaster mixture, this will save a lot of time.

Soldering (or junction boxes) are necessary for switching (connecting) wires in them and branching lines, for example, for a switch.

Today professional electricians will tell you that there is no need to install junction boxes in well-timed apartments! They can play a trick on your harness. In the event of a short circuit, otrania, neighbors flooded, etc., you will need access to this very junction box. It is easy to refuse junction boxes - do all the switching in socket boxes! This requires DEEP socket boxes, in which all switching for lighting will take place. Usually, deep sockets are made for light switches, but if switching is needed to branch out the outlet lines, then deep sockets are also installed under the sockets.

The most budget-friendly option is to install all the circuit breakers on the staircase in a common shield, where your old automatic machines and a counter are already located. To do this, it is necessary to lead all the cables into the driveway. If you want a shield in your apartment, then you need to choose a suitable place for it.

Built-in or overhead flap, it's up to you. Built-in looks more aesthetic, but it is easier to mount a consignment note. All lines from the apartment go to the shield, and already one thick cable goes from it to the driveway, the cross-section of such a cable must be at least 6 mm, that is, a three-core cable for example VVG 3 * 6.

Each separate line has its own automatic protection device, with a rating depending on the cable cross-section. It is impossible to insert more than two lines into one machine according to the rules, if you are trying to power more than three lines from one machine, you must install a special branching bus.

Today, there are many ways to protect electrical wiring, even at the household level. The most necessary condition is the installation of overload and short-circuit protection circuit breakers (conventional single-pole circuit breakers). It is also recommended to install an additional residual current device - RCD (current leakage protection).

RCDs are best installed on the line of high-risk zones: wet rooms, children's rooms. There is no need to install one common RCD for the whole apartment! One common RCD is installed only with the aim of saving. The consequences of such savings are complex diagnostics of a fault in the event of a leak, + the whole apartment is left without light when it is triggered. On some lines, for example, on lighting or street lines, an RCD is not installed.

Installation of additional types of protection is already a luxury: thermal relay (protection against cable heating), lightning protection, stabilizer or protection against voltage surges (saves from 380V), fire alarm, etc.

One of the most crucial moments is the assembly of the shield. If you use a soft cable, then before inserting the wire into the machine, it must be crimped (to increase the contact area). In single-module machines, only phase wires are inserted (phase L marking - can be of any color except blue and yellow), all the rest (zero N blue, ground PEN yellow-green) are inserted into their buses. When using RCDs or difavtomats (machine and RCD "in one bottle"), the neutral wire is inserted into its groove (marking N - neutral, blue. The common phase connects all the machines to each other, for this, instead of jumpers from wires, it is better and more reliable to use special combs.

For all connections in the switchboard, it is very important to use wires of the appropriate cross section, that is, it is best to separate the phases and zeros along the machines with a cable with a cross section of 4 mm2 or 6 mm2. Also, after tightening all cables and combs in the machines, it is necessary to check the reliability of their clamping. Since it very often happens that the wire simply does not fall into the clamp, or it is bad to hold on to it.

Sockets and switches are installed last, after a clean finish (painting or wallpapering). The most important rule of good editing is good contact!

Most of the sockets in your apartment are loop-through, that is, through them a cable goes through a loop to each subsequent outlet. In order to avoid problems with wiring in the future, firstly, do not buy cheap sockets (for example IEK), they have a very bad (to put it mildly) clamp and subsequently such sockets and switches can simply burn out. And secondly, pull all connections a second time! Check each pinched or twisted wire by tugging at it. If the wire jumped out of the clamp, it means that you did not clamp it well or the clamp turned out to be defective.

Among professionals, it is believed that the best clamps in sockets are possessed by the products of LeGrande and Schneider.

To make the frames fit evenly and tightly, set the group of sockets or switches in level, joint to joint, and screw them to the socket boxes with small self-tapping screws from two opposite sides close to the wall. Then screw the spacers inside the socket (if any). It is important not to hit the wires inside the socket with spacers or self-tapping screws!

Trace the position of the cable in the socket box so that it does not fall on the spacers. Also, do not use screws that are too long to touch the wires.

At each stage of the repair, it is necessary to check the lines for operability, since after the final finishing it will be impossible to fix anything without damaging the finish.

Electricity is an integral part of our life. In each apartment, you can find more than a dozen devices that work from the electric current passing through the wires. All of them help to simplify and diversify our life. However, over time, it will be necessary to repair the electrical wiring in the apartment. This is a rather difficult job that requires special care and attention.

Before you repair the wiring, you must correctly select all the necessary materials and tools. It is from them that the quality of the work performed will depend.Another important factor in the success of the repair is strict adherence to all stages of the process and taking into account the advice of professionals. They will help newbies avoid most mistakes and get the job done in no time.

To successfully carry out repair work, you need to prepare several mandatory tools in advance. Their choice depends on what exactly needs to be fixed in the apartment. This preparatory stage will help you not to be distracted during work and not to look for this or that tool for a long time.

For different types of electrical wiring repair you may need:

hammer;
puncher;
Bulgarian;
building level;
chisel;
pliers;
indicator screwdriver.

In addition to the listed tools, you will also need some consumables. All are inexpensive and readily available at any electrical store. These include:

Putty for filling holes punched in the wall.
Insulating tape for secure connection.
Cable wire for replacement of unsuitable parts for further use.
Terminals for a stronger and better connection of wires.

Any repair work involving electrical current is a direct threat to life and health.To avoid negative consequences and perform a quality repair, all basic safety rules must be followed.Some of the most important tips from experienced electricians include:Before proceeding with the repair, it is necessary to accurately determine the cause of the malfunction and find the damaged area. To do this, you need to remember the entire sequence of actions that led to the breakdown.In most cases, these situations are:

Image - DIY repair of electrical wiring in the apartment

Short circuit. There are many reasons for its occurrence, but the most common is damage to the insulation between the wires. This can result from kinking or mechanical stress on the cable. Another reason for a short circuit is the simultaneous inclusion of several powerful devices or devices into one outlet. As a result of this action, strong heating and melting of the insulation occurs.

Bad wire connection. This cause of malfunction appears when poor-quality installation of lighting fixtures or any other devices powered by electric current.

Damaged wires. It occurs due to mechanical stress on the wire laid in the wall (drilling, hammering in nails).

During the operation of electrical appliances, various malfunctions may occur. To eliminate them, it is necessary to call an experienced electrician and spend a considerable amount of money on his services.

However, such work can be done independently. At the same time, it is important to have at least a little experience in such repairs and follow all safety rules.

This type of repair is the most frequent, since it does not affect the entire apartment, but its separate section. Partial repairs may be necessary if the power supply to an outlet or switch is interrupted. In this case, the following actions are performed:

The first step is to look for a break in the wire using a special device. If it is not there, then you will have to gradually remove the cable from the wall and manually look for a breakdown.
Then the apartment is completely disconnected from the power supply and each outlet or switch is carefully checked with an indicator screwdriver.
After that, in the place of the cliff, part of the wall is hollowed out and the damaged area is located.
It is then neatly trimmed and removed.
At the next stage of work, a piece of wire is taken equal in size to the removed one, and both ends are stripped.
Similar actions are performed with the cable in the wall.
Then the corresponding ends are fastened to each other and wrapped with electrical tape. For added security, you can also tape the electrical tape to the adjacent places of the wire.
When the repair is completed, the knocked-out section of the wall is covered with putty.
After a few hours, it dries completely.
At the very end, the electric current is turned on and all initially inoperative sockets or switches are checked.

If a major overhaul is being done in an old room or apartment, then it is best to start with a complete replacement of the electrical wiring. This will help in the future to avoid accidents and possible fires. Complete replacement of electrical wiring is done as follows:

Before starting, the apartment is de-energized.

Then all switches and sockets are dismantled.

After that, the absence of tension at each point is checked. This part of the work is done using an indicator screwdriver or a special device.

It is best to start removing old wires from the junction boxes. To do this, they are disconnected from the main input cable, which must be insulated immediately.

After removing all the wires, the electrical panel is dismantled.

The next stage of work is the installation of a new cable. To do this, markings are made on the walls and ceiling in those places where the wires will pass. All lines should be parallel or perpendicular to the floor line.

Grooves are hollowed out along the drawn contours for laying the cable.

Then wires are placed in them and pre-fixed.

After that, the distributor box is installed, as well as sockets and switches.

The laid cable is connected to the panel and checked for functionality.

After successfully completed testing, the wires are covered with plaster mortar and hidden in the wall.

Repairing electrical wiring in an apartment is a rather complicated event that requires attentiveness, accuracy and knowledge of their business from the contractor. With the right approach and following all the recommendations of a professional electrician, any problem can be quickly resolved.During work, it is very important to follow the safety rules. They will not only save life, but also help maintain health.

screwdrivers of various configurations and sizes;

nippers;

pliers;

hammer drills with hammer drills for interaction with concrete.

The tools must be insulated with rubber grips. To work with wiring prepare:

Do-it-yourself wiring repair should be carried out taking into account all safety standards. You need to start repairing only after completely disconnecting the apartment from the network. Overalls require rubber gloves.

For more accurate actions, it is necessary to draw a plan of the apartment, indicating all sockets and switches in the rooms. You should also indicate the intended electrical appliances and their power. The more the devices consume energy, the higher the strength and quality of the material. Then you need to calculate the total electricity consumption in the room.To carry out the installation and repair of electrical wiring, they purchase a cable from a copper three-core wire. Its length depends on the area of the apartment. Add 15 cm to the total length for each outlet and junction box.The next main element in electrical work is an automatic machine and an RCD. The latter device is designed for emergency power off in case of short circuit, opening of contacts and in other situations. You will also need an UZA for 40MA sockets.Repair of wiring is divided into several stages. Each of them has its own significance. To get started, you should carefully examine all protective equipment (rubber gloves and rubberized pads on tools). It is necessary to check the food in the apartment. It should be disabled. Image - DIY repair of electrical wiring in the apartment

The first step is to install a new shield. For him, you need to make a niche using a perforator, chisel and hammer. As a rule, in new homes, these niches are already provided for the RCD and the machine. In the same place, a hole for the cable should be made in the wall.

After that, it is necessary to connect the wire to the panel and install a protection against water. According to the diagram, the blue-sheathed wire is attached to the zero phase, the white wire to the top contact, and the yellow one closer to the floor. In the case of RCD installation, the zero phase with the wire is first mounted to the residual current device, and then goes to the zero terminal.

When the installation of the shield is completed, the cable should be laid. The optimal solution would be underfloor laying. To do this, you will have to remove the cover, and make the grooves with a puncher. For places for sockets and junction boxes, it is necessary to attach a special crown to the drilling tool. To lay the wire in the voids of the floors, the destruction of the walls is not required.

The next step involves cutting the cable into pieces of the desired length. It will be convenient to make the wiring in the corrugated pipes, and it is easier to push it through with the help of the tightening clamps. Then the cables should be connected to the boxes. A tester is required to check the functionality.This measuring tool will allow you to detect damage to the wiring, analyze the charge level and check the total voltage.

Most of the work will be completed by this point. Next, you need to attach the wires to the walls with clips, if they are not in the corrugation. Then the grooves should be plastered. It is easiest to run the wires under the skirting board, but then the junction boxes will be outside.

A simple step-by-step instruction will help you to make high-quality and correct wiring in an apartment or house.

The main thing is to act in accordance with safety regulations, without neglecting your own protection. For any questions, it is better to seek advice from a specialist who will make the wiring much faster.

Do-it-yourself wiring in an apartment is not as time-consuming and costly as wiring in a house. This is due to the fact that there is no need to lead the line inside the housing, because this is provided by the developer company.

The cabling for rooms consists of the following steps:

drawing up a diagram;
calculation of the amount of required materials and electrical accessories;
marking and chipping of walls;
cable fastening;
installation of sockets, switches and junction boxes;
assembly of an introductory shield;
checking the line with a tester.

It should be noted that today the open conduction of electrical wiring in the apartment is no longer used, therefore in this article we will consider the installation work in a hidden way.

You can look at the entire cable suitable for such wiring on the website There are detailed technical characteristics of each brand. Next, we will provide detailed step-by-step instructions from scratch, which is suitable for beginners who want to test their strengths in electrics.

The wiring diagram in the apartment is easy to do with your own hands. To do this, it is recommended to use a photocopy of the new building plan, on which you can conveniently mark the installation locations of sockets, switches, lamps and other components.

The starting point of the diagram is the location of the switchboard in the apartment. Usually this place is in the corridor, next to the front door, at a height of about 1.5 meters from the floor.

When compiling, we recommend that you take into account the following tips and rules:

Surely you will find these articles useful:

Before you decide to go to the store for switches, sockets and other elements, you need to decide on their type.

As we said earlier, the length of the conductors must be purchased with a margin. This stock will be used to connect them to each other (on each side, the vein is exposed by 5-10 cm) and to connect sockets, switches, lamps (stock of length from 5 to 15 cm).

First, decide how the electrical wiring will be fixed to the wall. Today there are special clamps, but we recommend that you use the "old-fashioned way" - fastening with diluted alabaster. To do this, you need to place the line in the grooves and every 25-30 cm "grab" a lump of alabaster, as shown in the photo.

We draw your attention to the fact that alabaster hardens very quickly, so you need to act at a pace.

After the line is fully fixed, we recommend that you take pictures of all the walls so that in case of repairs you can accurately determine the place of the wiring.

This stage is quite simple, you need to connect all the sockets and switches in the apartment. For this, socket boxes and special boxes are installed in the grooves. We recommend that you "plant" these elements on alabaster, because it quickly and reliably adheres to the wall.

So that you can clearly see the process, we present to your attention this video lesson:

You can find out how to properly connect a light switch in the corresponding article.

The last stage in the installation of electrical wiring in the apartment is the assembly of the introductory panel. According to the drawn up diagram, you must connect the circuit breakers and RCDs.Difficulties in connecting these devices should not arise - the lead-in wire is wound up from above, and the outgoing wire to the junction box from the bottom. We talked about how to connect an RCD. Connecting a circuit breaker is also not difficult, even for kettles in an electrician. You can clearly see the installation process of these devices in the video below:

After all the electrical products in the apartment are connected, it is necessary to carry out a continuity of the wiring with a multimeter to make sure that the work done is correct. If no problems are found, feel free to turn on the machine and carry out the first tests of the finished line.

I would also like to provide you with this video lesson, which shows how to do electrical wiring in an apartment with your own hands from scratch:

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During major repairs in an apartment or in a private house, the electrical wiring is very often changed. Some make the replacement on their own if they know how to develop a scheme for connecting the electricity in the house and have some experience, while others hire specialists. Of course, it is much safer to use the services of professionals, but if a person is constrained in funds, you can do the electrical wiring in the house with your own hands. First you need to dismantle old cables and meters.

When drawing up a wiring project, it should be remembered that the standard replacement of wires takes place in three stages:

laying of copper wires;
transition from an outdated power supply system TN-C to a more modern system TN-C-S;
connection of all cables with separate branches.

It should be clarified here that wires made of aluminum were actively used in the fifties of the last century. But then they found out that laying cables using this metal is extremely unreliable. This is due to the fact that aluminum has a high electrical resistivity. For the installation of electrical wiring, a cable with a larger cross-section is required, compared to copper. Another negative point is that aluminum wires get very hot. Because of this, the insulation melts, and the electrical wiring quickly fails.

If you decide to do electrical wiring in the house with your own hands, be very careful when choosing wires. Choose a cable with a cross section of at least 2.5 sq. mm for connecting sockets and switches, and not less 1.5 sq. mm - for lighting. Remember not to connect copper and aluminum wires.

With regard to the electrical supply scheme TN-C, then it is outdated for a long time. Since 1997, the system has been actively used TN-C-S, which ensures the safety of consumers, regardless of the state of the power supply system.

Branching has become very popular lately. A solid cable runs to each group from the input. For this, triple insulation can be used.

There are five stages of replacing the electrical wiring in an apartment, and they are all carried out sequentially:

drawing up a diagram for connecting electricity in your home;
creation of a wiring plan, as well as its registration with authorized bodies;
construction of a temporary hut for repair work;
laying of electrical wires;
connection of all electrical appliances that are in the room.

In order for the wiring to be installed correctly, it is necessary to provide in advance a protective grounding or grounding device. Before developing a wiring plan, you need to take care of protection against overloads in the power supply network, due to which a short circuit can occur. At the final stage of work, the wiring is routed to the points.

In order to have a better understanding of electrical work, see "How to do wiring in a house with your own hands" - a video for acquaintance, which clearly shows the whole process.

Do-it-yourself wiring in the house can be done hidden or open method... In most cases, electrical wires are hidden under a layer of plaster. The fact is that outdoor electricity wiring looks unattractive, although sometimes this method is used in office premises.

To carry out the wiring in the wall, you need to make a two centimeters recess there. But before that, it is necessary to carry out the markup. After that, recesses are made for switches and sockets.

The guide is laid strictly perpendicularly. The cords are fastened with clamps or dowels. Then the wall is plastered.

It is much better to carry out the wiring in a special protective sleeve, but the cost of the work in this case will increase. Thanks to the protective sleeve, the wires can be passed without damaging the integrity of the plaster. This will be very helpful in case of repeated renovations.

Power lines can be routed from a panel that is installed separately from the outlets. Then, using junction boxes, wires are routed throughout the room. All this can be done on your own, but this procedure will take some time. It is much better to use the services of professionals. On the Internet, you can find videos that will help a novice electrician. It will clearly show how do-it-yourself wiring is done.