Automotive lighting devices are among the main security systems that allow you to clearly indicate the dimensions of the equipment at dusk and in poor visibility conditions (fog, heavy rainfall, blizzard), as well as illuminate the road at night. To date, a huge number of modifications of car headlights have been developed, each of which has both its advantages and disadvantages. The Mazda 3 headlights installed on various generations of this car have their own characteristics, which we will consider.
Also, it will not be superfluous to describe the device and the principle of operation of the system for correcting and adjusting the high and low beam, the basic principles of replacing the optics.
As the owners of the first generation of the car note, fog lights do not always work correctly on it. And this is not at all the fault of the cracked glass of the Mazda 3 headlight, into which at high speed a pebble flew out from under the wheels of the car in front of it, but the oxidation of the contacts of the switch-on relay. Note that in this modification of the car, the fog lamp control relay is located directly under the bumper, because of which its contact pairs constantly interact with water and quickly become covered with foci of corrosion. If we judge in general about the head light of the first generation Mazda 3, then thanks to the presence of a system for adjusting and stabilizing the luminous flux, it is completely adapted for movement at night on areas with poor road surfaces. As for the taillights, they have an original design: round red "Stop" signals, placed inside the round orange direction indicators.
At the end of 2009, the first restyling of the car took place, after which the Mazda 3 received a completely updated front end, with the arrangement of round fog lights on the bumper plane. In some models, daytime running lights appeared, and the head optics were changed only slightly: the designers updated only the design of the headlight glass. Powerful halogen or xenon bulbs, coupled with a good reflector, still provide excellent visibility to the driver in the dark. The taillights remain the same, although the direction indicators and stop indicators now have transparent high-strength plastic glazing.
The third and last restyling radically changed not only the exterior and interior of the car, but also the design of all lighting fixtures. The updated headlights now have LEDs that draw less current, shine brighter and have a longer lifespan. The design of the headlights and foglights has been completely changed, which are located in a place that allows maximum illumination of the roadway in inclement weather.
In a Mazda 3 car, the headlight range control works according to the following principle: depending on the speed and load of the vehicle, the system controls the optical part of the headlights so that the light flux evenly illuminates the road and does not dazzle oncoming traffic. When the vehicle load changes, which is determined by special sensors installed in its front and rear parts, the electronic control unit for the light correction system automatically changes the direction of the optical axes of the headlights. The innovative control system allows the headlights to be adjusted as accurately as possible, which significantly increases the lighting efficiency.
In addition to adjusting the headlights when the vehicle load changes, the system automatically corrects the light flux when the vehicle speed changes. This improves traffic safety. When driving with the light on (low or high), the vehicle speed control unit receives information about the vehicle speed, which is transmitted by the DSC or ABS sensors. After that, the ECU, on the basis of these signals, as well as information about the vehicle load, transmits a command to the actuators to adjust the headlights.
Note that the correction of the headlights of the Mazda 3 can be carried out in manual mode using the corresponding controls on the dashboard. This is a very useful option anyway.
We emphasize that when the ignition is turned on, the headlight correction system is turned on, and the driver clearly hears the sounds of its actuators. This is normal, as the vehicle's on-board computer sends a signal to check if it is working properly. When driving on roads with poor coverage, the constant operation of the Mazda 3 headlight range control would cause them to flicker, in order to prevent this, the system specifically works at a certain interval.
If the headlamp fuse is out of order, the headlight range control will not work, despite the fact that it has its own fuse.
Sometimes, even on a car equipped with an automatic headlight range control, it becomes necessary to carefully adjust them (for example, after replacing them). The procedure is not complicated and does not require sophisticated equipment and instruments. You can do everything yourself with just a set of screwdrivers at hand.
As you can see, the procedure for adjusting the luminous flux of headlights in a Mazda 3 car is not complicated and does not take much time. Even beginners can do it on their own.
There are a number of cases in which a complete replacement of headlights is shown. These include: violation of the integrity of the glass, reflector or diffuser, damage to optics in the event of an accident, etc. To completely remove the headlight from the car will have to suffer a little, since it will be necessary to dismantle the bumper and radiator grill. Let's describe in detail the entire sequence of actions:
we unscrew all the fastening elements of the front bumper, carefully detach the plastic fasteners so as not to break them;
Installation of a new headlight is carried out in the reverse order. True, there is one caveat: the headlight must be centered, otherwise gaps may appear between its body and the bumper.
VIDEO
As for the rear lights, replacing them is not particularly difficult. The lanterns are unscrewed from the side of the trunk. At the same time, the hatchback has special technological holes for their dismantling, and in the sedan, it is enough to remove the luggage compartment upholstery. After all the fasteners have been unscrewed, the flashlight can be easily removed.
Despite the original design of the optics, the owners of the Mazda 3 have some complaints about its work. On some versions of the car, the head light is not bright enough. In addition, regular bulbs often fail. And changing them every time is quite problematic.
The solution to the problem was the installation of xenon lamps, which are fully adapted for use on this vehicle. The choice of xenon for this model is quite extensive, from budget lamps to more expensive ones. In principle, they all work out equally well.
To replace the light bulb, you will need to remove and disassemble the headlight (this process is described above). After installing xenon, it is necessary to adjust the luminous flux.
Ever since the question arose about the need to use the car around the clock, engineers racked their brains over how to equip it with reliable and reasonably functional lighting. The first version of car lanterns was proposed in 1896 and has been continuously improved since then.
Even those lights were improved that perfectly coped with their functions. Electric ones were replaced by halogen ones, halogen ones - LED ones. They were given a new shape, thereby changing the look of the car. So, the headlight of the Mazda 3 changed during the restyling of the car. The most notable changes took place in 2011: adaptive lights were installed, and the fog lights took on a round shape, which transformed the front of the car. And this is just one fact to prove that the shape of the headlights determines the perception of the car as a whole.
As you know, the production of the first generation of the legendary Axela was launched in 2004. Fog lights in these cars were installed only on top-end configurations, in the same configurations halogen ones were changed to xenon. The fog lights were rectangular or oval in shape. There were differences in the design of different body options. So, the taillights of the first generation Mazda 3 hatchback were diode, in contrast to the sedan.
The standard set of first generation "treshki" lamps looked like this:
Halogen:
low beam (H7) 55 W, cylinder-shaped, two-pin;
high beam (HB3) 65 W, in the shape of the letter "G", plastic base;
anti-fog (H11) 55 W, similar to high beam.
Single-contact incandescent lamps:
simple direction indicator (PY 21W) - orange, 21 W;
side direction indicator (W5W) - without base, yellow, 5 W;
reverse motion signal (PY 21W) by 21 W;
rear auxiliary brake light (WY16W) 16 W;
illumination of number plate, front dimensions, luggage compartment (W5W) for 5 watts.
Two-pin incandescent lamps (P21 and 5W): rear dimensions and brake signal, 21 and 5 W, respectively; metal base.
In 2006, engineers made minor changes. So, the red and orange circles of the rear stop lamps and the direction indicator gave way to transparent circles that organically fit into the general appearance of the car. And already in 2009, this modification was replaced by the second generation, which pleasantly surprised motorists with its appearance and functionality. Although many were embarrassed by the unusual design of the taillights, and the slightly elongated, pointed shape of the headlights.
In 2011, the high and low beam on the Mazda 3 was replaced by adaptive headlights. This was one of the most notable restyling updates. The contours of the rear lights have also slightly changed.
In 2013, this model was replaced by the third generation of Axela, which is produced by the plant to this day. He was believed to have become more "feminine", which may have contributed to a slight decline in consumer demand. Therefore, in 2016 the company made another restyling, and optics played an important role here:
The shape of the front and rear eyepieces and foglights has changed, they have become more organically fit into the design.
Both on the sedan and on the Mazda 3 hatchback, the headlight glass was replaced with optical polycarbonate. It is not inferior to glass in strength (and even surpasses it), but over time it becomes covered with microscopic cracks and becomes cloudy under the influence of damaging environmental factors.
The front optics have become LED.
Now, in the basic configurations, Axela is equipped with halogen lights with washers, and in the top configuration, LED lights are installed. LED fog lights are provided in all trim levels.
Many owners of "nesting dolls" face the need to repair or replace headlights. The most common problem is that the headlights sweat on the Mazda 3. The reason for its occurrence is obvious: somewhere there is a violation of the tightness, which is why water gets under the glass. To find where moisture gets in, you need to remove the entire headlight.
To do this, two nuts are unscrewed, two wires are removed, one of which goes to the turn signal, the other to the brake light. The headlight stretches towards itself and can be easily removed. If there is water in it, it is enough to simply pour it out. Drying with a hairdryer and blowing with a compressor is not required.
After removal, you need to rinse the entire space under the headlamp and peel off the seal from it. This should be done with extreme caution, because in the event of massive damage, moisture will gain free access. The glass will then start to sweat constantly. As a rule, the seal comes off easily, you do not need to heat it.
Now it remains to remove the bulbs and rinse them well. And then you need to look at the places that can cause moisture accumulation.
First of all, these are the holes located on both sides of the place where the light bulb was screwed in. If they become clogged with dust or dirt, ventilation is impaired and the glass starts to sweat.
The second thing is glass is visible. If it is cracked or depressurized (for example, a corner is chipped off), then it must be carefully melted. Thus, if the front or rear headlight sweats on a Mazda 3, you need to look for a glass defect or a violation of ventilation.
When the cause of fogging is found and eliminated, all that remains is to replace the seal, mount the headlight and tighten the nuts. It is done!
The second most popular problem for Mazdovodov is tarnished glass. If the glass is dull, no work will help, including polishing: polishing the headlights at Mazda 3 helps to restore their shine, but does not in any way affect the transparency of the optical polycarbonate. Since dim lights significantly reduce the quality of lighting, it becomes unsafe to drive such a car. The only way out in this case is to change the lamp completely or replace only the glass.
Many drivers who do not have experience in disassembling Mazda 3 headlights ask how to disassemble a headlight from someone who has already disassembled it. And they get a fairly simple answer to this question: you need to heat the glass well so that it starts to move away from the solder by itself. Various methods are used for heating, but more often the latches are heated with a stream of hot water, after which a thin flat object is placed in them, which is used as a lever.
According to most car enthusiasts, it is not so difficult to disassemble a lamp as it is to remove an old sealant. It must be scraped off, being careful not to damage the substrate. Then you can put in new glass, which, as a rule, also requires preliminary heating. To prevent water from getting inside, you can heat it with a hot hair dryer.
Replacing a lens reflector on a Mazda 3 bl, bk and bm can also be done by hand.The headlamp is removed, heats up and unfolds, after which there is access to the reflector. If it gets dirty, it is enough to clean the surface, if it has changed color from time to time, it will need to be changed. In this case, it is worth assessing the condition of the flashlight as a whole: it may be easier to change the entire kit.
The easiest and most affordable way to transform the front lights is to install overlays, or, as they are often called by motorists, "cilia". Their main function is decorative, but there is also a useful bonus: "eyelashes" cover part of the glass and thereby protect it from damage. The glass pads on the Mazda 3 headlight must be selected taking into account its shape, taking into account the overlapping area. An overlay that is too wide will impair road lighting and visibility, and too narrow will not be noticeable at all.
Another option for improving Mazda 3 lights is xenon or LEDs. By changing the headlight filling, you can change its appearance, as well as significantly increase the functionality.
Since halogen headlights are not durable, and are not much cheaper than xenon, the Mazda 3 is often retrofitted with more concentrated and brighter xenon headlights. Of course, such an initiative comes from the owners themselves - from the factory these cars often come with either halogen or LEDs. The advantages of xenon in relation to this model include the fact that it provides good visibility, even though the light stream is directed slightly downward.
Installing xenon on a Mazda 3 is a task that requires a careful approach. The work plan for its installation includes:
removal of halogen lamps: the plug is disconnected, the elastic is removed, the holding spring is bent;
circular trimming of the rubber band that holds on to the xenon lamp wires; you get a ring that needs to be cut a little under the ledge on the lamp (it will press the spring);
installing the lamp in place, pressing the spring;
threading the wires through the rubber casing and installing it in place (place the lamp with the notch down);
connection of wires: combine red with orange, black - with black;
isolation.
After installing the xenon headlights on the low beam of the Mazda 3, the regular high beam in quality will not differ much from it. Therefore, many owners have a completely understandable desire - to change to xenon and halogen high beam lights.
An alternative to this solution can be the installation of a bixenon. This is a more advanced version of xenon lamps, the fundamental difference of which is the presence of special "curtains". They allow you to use the same lamp for both near and far lighting, changing the direction and degree of diffusion of light rays. For those who decide to completely replace the halogen headlights of their Mazda 3 with xenon, bi-xenon headlights are a very practical option.
Modern optics Mazda 3 is represented by LED LED lights only in the most expensive, top-end trim levels. But, given the undoubted advantages of LEDs, many car owners are beginning to think about installing them on more budget versions of cars, as well as on cars of previous generations. First of all, the durability is captivating: it is believed that good LEDs can serve for several decades due to their high resistance to temperature extremes, vibration and shock. And the level of light output here is much higher than that of other types of lights.
But there is also one caveat. Despite the fact that in stores you can find different types of LED "lamps" and individual LEDs, LED lamps on the Mazda 3 should only be replaced by specialists. The same applies to the repair or replacement of LED headlights already installed from the factory.
To change the high beam lamp, you need to proceed according to the following plan:
Switch off ignition.
Turn the central light switch to the off position.
Open the hood.
Disconnect the wire from the "-" terminal of the battery. If the replacement is carried out in the direction of travel, you need to dismantle the shield, which blocks access to the back of the block headlight.
Disconnect the electrical connector while pushing in the latch.
Remove the lamp.
After removing the connector, removing the headlight on the Mazda 3 is not difficult. The old lamp is removed, a new one is screwed in, the wires and nuts are returned to their place.
In the second and third generation Mazda, 3 headlights are removed easier: we do not remove the mounting block, we do not remove the bumper, since you can remove the headlight here without it. This is one of the main advantages of optics on more modern treshki models. For owners of the first of three generations (Mazda 3 up to and including 2008), the question of how to remove the headlight is solved in the most difficult way. At the same time, the simplest bulbs are installed here, which can be changed without risk, even without an electrician diploma.
Incorrectly adjusted headlights not only reduce the effective field of vision, but also create an emergency situation for oncoming vehicles. But, despite the fact that the lights of the Mazda 3 are quite easy to adjust, the adjustment and adjustment of the headlights should be carried out by a specialist. Only minor changes can be made by yourself.
To do this, you need to use the light beam adjustment screw located between the low and high beam lamps. The screw, circled in blue, is responsible for the adjustment in the vertical plane, and the one circled in red - in the horizontal plane. To put the screw in the desired position, you can navigate by visibility in front of you, but it is better to use a specially marked section of the wall and road.
Well-chosen and correctly tuned optics are the key to the safe movement of the car. Therefore, even if some lights look more impressive, but do not meet the technical parameters, it is better to refuse to use them. And the installation and setting of lights should always be approached with the utmost care so as not to put yourself at risk of a traffic accident.
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"Put in the sun" - a new method of heating the sealant!
Sergei E. No, I’ll come up to the volcano soon, I’m thinking of sticking a headlamp into the lava.
S L. Yes, really! Haha, another fairy has arrived.
In a towel willows the oven for five minutes, the oven is not for the whole stoker and is removed with a bang
Hello. For many years I have never made it to the oven. Easier to take a hairdryer. The video is intended for those who do not have a hair dryer and are afraid to stick the headlights into the oven, moreover, this requires a clear understanding of the whole process, otherwise the overheated headlight cannot be restored. And not all of the headlights are assembled on thermo-sealant.
It was necessary to use a sealant for the aquarium, it is transparent and frost and heat does not crack
Evgen cows. By and large, any sealant can be used, if only not different fillers that tan and dry out.
God forbid to get to him, this is an extreme konovalych fuck, I just have the whole video mouth open there was hot glue in the same place, I buy it even for this reflectors are generally a dangerous topic, they are even a glass cleaner are afraid of maximum water any chemistry layer thin horror in general
The point is that not all headlights are assembled with thermal glue. And you are probably not familiar with ceramic compounds. I recommend getting acquainted. Apparently you haven't seen the result. And the water on the reflectors, a big mistake. Yes! And yet, you will find a horse in the mirror.
the silicone sealant is the headlights. vinegar in its composition - will cause the glass to cloud
Apparently you looked but did not see, listened but did not hear, butyl rubber and guerlain clouded your mind.
did not pay attention to the tube behind the headlight? what kind of tightness we are talking about.and the bulbs are apparently placed through the gasket. sweat because of the clogged ventilation hole - just the tube about which I wrote above
It's clear . But I would not advise to be interested in such news. Good luck )
OniX71nsk. What does Teresa May have to do with it? Today it is relevant, Britain's accusations against Russia, without proof we Russians are to blame for everything and we must be tried! And, moreover, it seemed to them, or they just wanted to and they did not understand, they appointed the guilty.
I just read about how many people remove their own sealant, then apply another and, whatever one may say, somewhere in the corners of the headlight sweats. It is advised to leave the native sealant, and pass the joints with a super-penetrating sealant after. Therefore, when I saw your video, it seemed to me that it was harsh. If, after your repair, the headlight can be disassembled again + if it really does not sweat, then everything is buzzing.
OniX71nsk. No sweating. The headlights are sweating because of not tightness, not cleanliness, and here I applied additional sealant. The headlight, after disassembling the assembly, only on its own thermo-sealant, can also sweat, due to the uneven distribution of the thermo-sealant.
First, I scratched the glass with a dry cloth from the inside, and then polishes it.
Igor Bogordetski. And you can also polish with foot cream, paste, salary and sand. And yet, you probably do not know, but outside the plastic headlights are varnished, this is a twist, right?
The author is exactly Yediot, rubbing the headlight with a dry rag from the inside. It is necessary to rinse well with soapy water, then with any alcohol or winter washer. But not a solvent.
Igor Bogordetski. You apparently did not see the result, but you called me an idiot. Part of your judgment, a big mistake that will lead to irreparable problems, but you argue that you need to do just that. Maybe you are an idiot, unable to evaluate the result and promoting erroneous opinions, as well as not being able to understand the technology and not hearing what material I work with.
And also such a question, if you polish from the inside, but do not protect it with anything, just as it will quickly become cloudy from the outside? What else can you cover besides liquid glass? It is the inner surface of the glass that interests me.
xXxHunterPRO xXx. If you want, look for it cheaper. But what you can buy at a cheaper price is unknown. Lots of fakes.
Roman Slepnyov something hurts expensive pleasure
Here I am. Go to this official website, there you can order the products you are interested in without divorce, and in one go, get acquainted with other compositions. Their liquid glass is called "CREPTONIT" 50ml, a seal on the bottle and box. The bottle is enough to cover the entire car in 3-4 layers. The kit contains an applicator, a napkin for the applicator, instructions and the liquid itself. If you are going to use in small volumes, then additionally order applicators, they are disposable. It is also necessary to buy microfiber napkins, they are sold everywhere. I am preparing material for applying ceramics to the insides of the headlights, I have removed some, but not all, I am waiting for the next headlights to come for repair, I will finish it and publish it, there will be a more detailed story, taking into account many nuances, just for beginners.
fucking buddy signed up just to leave a comment, you fucking disfigured the headlamp, the glass is removed by hand and not with screwdrivers and knives, you just need to heat a little more even without the help of a hair dryer.
Sergey Smay. I show different options, there are other ways, including on my channel. It happens that you don't even need to heat, the glasses fall off by themselves, but this is extremely rare. Basically, you need a hairdryer, low heat will not help, or disassemble it like that. Specifically, this headlight cannot be disassembled according to your method, I only show the options, but how you will do it is up to you. Thank you for signing up.
Hello. Is liquid glass better to apply than varnish? What is his property?
Hello.In order to understand what liquid glass is, one must understand the basic principle of operation of ceramic, quartz and similar products. I suggest you go to the official website, "Ceramic Pro" or "Killakua" and carefully study the information. After studying, you will understand the principles and mechanism of operation of ceramic compositions.
Do you know what kind of spraying is on the inside of the glass?
We will show you how to quickly adjust the headlights in a Mazda 3 car with your own hands. This procedure is done manually on vehicles not equipped with automatic headlight range control.
The screw for adjusting the light beam in the vertical plane is located between the low-beam and high-beam lamps. The screw for adjusting the light beam in the horizontal plane is located between the turn signal and dipped beam bulbs.
On vehicles with automatic headlight range control, turn the screw clockwise or counterclockwise with a flat screwdriver to adjust the direction of the light beam in the vertical plane. By turning a Phillips screwdriver clockwise or counterclockwise, the direction of the light beam in the horizontal plane is adjusted.
Video adjustment of headlights Mazda 3 (Mazda 3):
VIDEO
As we can see, adjusting the headlights in Mazda 3 cars is not as complicated as it seems, everything is done using a regular set of screwdrivers, you don't have to disassemble anything.
In this article we will talk about how to install new fog lights on the Mazda 3 to replace the worn out regular ones. The fact is that this Japanese car is famous for its dynamics, and road stones flying from under the wheels of cars often cause broken lanterns.
And all because the owners, when overtaking, very close "nestle" on the cars moving in the same direction, because of which road dust and dirt fly right into the face of the car. But the ease of repair and the low price of spare parts do not become burdensome for the owners, which also contributes to the popularity of the Mazda 3.
The fog lamp lens of the Mazda 3 is located quite close to the road, which does not contribute to its longevity
Tip: if your lighting fixtures suffer from damage too often - order the production of stickers on the headlights.
The process of removing the air filter to free access to the headlamp from the left side
Replacing a Mazda 3 fog lamp does not start from the front bumper in which it is installed, but from the engine compartment. (see also the article Installing fog lights on Granta: technical difficulties and solutions)
The procedure is as follows:
Remove the negative wire from the battery;
Disconnect the terminal block from the air flow unit;
Remove the air filter housing;
We get free access to the headlight.
The fog lamp on the Mazda 3 is located below the head one, and has a common wiring with it
If the fog lights on the Mazda 3 have already been installed, and only the replacement of a worn out lamp or broken glass is necessary, then the work algorithm will be as follows:
In the photo - the "insides" of the headlamp with the cover removed
Remove the cover from the headlight unit by unfastening the latches;
Disconnect the terminals;
Disconnect the lamp latch and remove it.
Tip: measure the old lamp and the new one beforehand.
View of a new lamp with wiring before installation
It remains only to install the lamp purchased instead of the old one in the headlight and fix it with the latches. The rest of the assembly operations should be carried out in reverse order. (see also the article Where to place fog lights on a Gazelle business)
With the right PTF, difficulties are also not expected. The only technical point is dismantling the ignition unit.
The wiring at the block is short, and when replacing the right lamp with your own hands, it is better to temporarily dismantle it
Advice: very often the ignition unit is attached to the car body with double-sided tape.
A more complicated operation in technical terms is the replacement of cracked or broken glass.
dismantling the body of the PTF itself;
disassembling it;
installation of new glass;
assembly;
installation on a car;
subsequent adjustment of fog lamps Mazda 3.
Note!
Water and dirt get into the headlight through chips and cracks
To get to the PTF mount on the Mazda 3, it is best to do it through the front wheel niche:
We hang the car on one side with a jack;
Remove the front wheel;
If there is a plastic protection (fender liner) - remove the caps and set it aside;
We get access to the attachment points.
It is enough to detach 2 plastic caps to get space for work
On Mazda 3, the foglights have 3 three attachment points (indicated by numbers 1,2,3 in the photo below).
Using a Phillips screwdriver:
turn out the screws;
we pull out the headlight housing towards ourselves;
carefully remove it from the bumper;
if the car is on a lift, then we take out the headlight housing from under the car;
if the vehicle is jacked up, through the wheel well.
Rear view of the PTF
Now work is to be done to replace the old glass.
You will have to deal with this process yourself, because:
Official service stations do not carry out such work. They propose to replace the old PTF with a new one. The price of a headlamp is more than 2,000 rubles, not counting the work on its installation;
An independent process is simple, it takes half an hour for mechanical operations and a day for drying the glue. All costs are minimal (buying a used headlight and a tube of glue will not exceed 400 rubles).
For work, you will definitely need a moisture-resistant sealant
Glass replacement instructions:
Using a sharp knife, pry off the old glass;
We clean off the remnants of the sealant along the headlight contour;
We degrease the body and the glass to be installed with gasoline;
We apply sealant to the headlamp and to the landing rim of the body;
Gently press the glass onto the Mazda 3 fog lamp;
We clean off the remnants of the sealant;
We leave the headlamp to dry for a day;
The next day we assemble and install the headlight on the car.
It remains to wait until the glue sets completely
VIDEO
As you can see, the glass replacement process is lengthy only due to the peculiarities of the crystallization of the glue, and the technical work itself does not exceed 2 hours in time. (see also the article What to choose and how to connect fog lights to Kalina correctly)
Video (click to play).
The situation is similar with the replacement of the PTF - you only need simple skills in working with tools and free time. In the video presented in this article, you will find additional information on this topic.
