DIY gasoline engine nozzle repair

In detail: do-it-yourself repair of gasoline engine injectors from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

Every modern car has a fuel injection system. On injection engines, the injector is responsible for this. They are of three types. Basically, they differ only in the drive of the needle, which, under pressure, releases fuel from the nozzle body. Like all mechanisms that are in a car, injectors can become unusable. The main reason that the nozzle has become inoperative is considered to be clogged, or the needle drive has broken.

It is possible to determine that the injectors have become unusable, even if you are an auto mechanic, it is enough just to drive the car for a while. Therefore, no one can determine the breakdown better than the driver.

The first sign that an injector has become unusable is an increase in fuel consumption by 100 kilometers in all cycles. Most often this happens because the nozzle of the injector is clogged and the fuel is not atomized, but simply flows into the combustion chamber, which is why it does not mix with air and no ignition occurs. In addition, the color of the exhaust gases may change.
The second reason that the injector has become unusable is that fuel does not enter the combustion chamber at all.

One way or another, repairs need to be made. You can do this with your own hands or by giving them to professionals. In rare cases, repairs are not possible.

First of all, before starting to repair the injectors, they need to be cleaned. Most often, gasoline injectors become clogged and prevent fuel from entering the combustion chamber, which often results in the engine not starting at all. There are not very many reasons why the nozzles of the nozzles are clogged.

Video (click to play).

The first and main reason is that the fuel is of poor quality. In addition, fuel and air filters may be missing or defective in the vehicle system. Therefore, serious repairs to the injectors can be avoided only if the fuel and air filters of the car are periodically changed. Each machine has three filters of each type.

the first type of filter is a coarse filter,
the second type is a simple cleaning filter
the third type is a fine filter.

All of these filters must be fully functional to ensure that fuel and air are thoroughly cleaned before entering the combustion chamber.

In addition, the machine must not be allowed to run on leftover gasoline. This should not be done for the reason that there is always sediment at the bottom of the tank that cleans the filters, and if the fuel pump pumps fuel with debris into the system, then no filters will withstand this, and the dirt will eventually get into the jets.

So, if something happened on your car that the jets are clogged, then the first thing to do is to clean them. There are actually three stages of cleaning.

The first stage is the addition of special additives to the tank. This method is most often used for prevention, not repair. By adding additives to the tank, you can not only repair the injectors, but also clean the entire fuel system from harmful impurities. Such cleaning of fuel systems should be carried out on every vehicle at least once every 3 years.
The second cleaning step is to clean the injectors without removing them from the machine. In this case, cleaning is carried out with the help of air; such a repair of the unit injectors can be done without removing them from the machine. This method will help those who already have clogged injectors and need to be cleaned.If your car is clogged with injectors, but so that only fuel consumption is increased, then you need to do just such a cleaning of the fuel injectors. Unfortunately, in this case, cleaning in the first way will not help.
There is also a third way to clean petrol injectors. This method is suitable for those whose injectors are already so clogged that the engine will not start. In such a situation, most likely, you will need to remove the injectors from the car's engines. They need to be removed because these elements will have to be immersed in a special chamber, where, under the influence of ultrasound, all small particles of debris in gasoline injectors that have clogged the sprayers will be destroyed.

This method is considered the most effective among all three.

If, after the jets were cleaned, the car's engine still did not start, then another repair must be made. In fact, cleaning can be done by hand, in addition to this, repairs can be done by hand. Do-it-yourself repairs can only be done if you know which injectors are installed on the machine. In fact, they only differ in the drive of the needle, which, under pressure, releases fuel into the combustion chamber.

The simplest solution that can be used to repair injectors is to take them to the nearest service station where such work is performed. Unfortunately, no one does this for free, and more often than not, such repairs at a service station become more expensive than buying a new device. Most often, in this case, the best solution would be to buy new sprayers and install them on your car.

The problem is that often at the service station, the technicians remove the injectors from the machine, and this is not considered a simple procedure. Therefore, it will be possible to save money if the sprayers are removed from the car with your own hands. This operation can be performed only after purchasing a set of special keys.

First of all, you will need a spanner wrench with a recess, because a conventional open-end wrench cannot get close to the nozzle. Sometimes people manage to unscrew the injector with a regular wrench, but they often damage the body. If further use is planned, then this cannot be done, and if not, you can unscrew it with an ordinary open-end wrench, but to install new nozzles, you will need to use a spanner wrench. After removing the spray nozzles, you need to take them for cleaning or repair. After the sprayers have been removed by hand, the price for repairs will drop significantly and will suit you perfectly.

There are situations when the nearest service where such work can be performed is very far away, in which case you need to make repairs yourself.

You can start repairing sprayers only after you mentally prepare yourself. First of all, you need to be prepared for the fact that the usual replacement of the atomizer in the injector body can lead to disastrous consequences, after which you can get a device that will work even worse than before the repair. In this case, the sprayer can be simply thrown away and replaced with a new one.

This can even be the case with the best sprayers, and if there is a defect from the factory, or the sprayers themselves are of poor quality, then there is nothing to say that repairs can only negatively affect the outcome.

So, if, after all, it was decided to repair the sprayers with your own hands, then you need to prepare a place for this.

The main condition for this place is considered to be sterile cleanliness. If, during repair work, even a small grain of sand gets into the injector body, this immediately ensures that the entire repair was a waste of time.
Of course, before you start repairing something, you need to study in detail the structure of this device. If you do not know the device of the atomizer, then before starting to revive it, you need to familiarize yourself with the device and the principle of operation.
In addition, absolute cleanliness must be observed when removing the injector from the vehicle. It is recommended to plug the holes where the injectors are inserted with clean plugs, this will help prevent the ingress of dust and dirt. The main thing to remember is that from the moment the injectors are removed from gasoline engines, complete cleanliness must be observed until the moment when the injectors are installed on the car.

If you nevertheless decide on such an operation, then you need to be prepared for the fact that even if all the repairs are successful, after a while you will still have to change the injectors.

Repaired injectors will not be able to provide full operation, they will work at half strength, and gasoline engines in this case will not work at full power, while consuming a lot of fuel.

Each car is a complex mechanism that needs to be monitored and looked after. The fuel system of the car, and in particular the sprayers, is no exception. They feed the fuel mixture into the combustion chamber in a timely manner. If there is a malfunction in the fuel injectors, then the gasoline engines will not work at full capacity, while consuming a large amount of fuel.

Self-repair of gasoline engine injectors
The concept of injector nozzles and the principle of their operation
Why and when to check injectors
We are looking for faults, we make repairs
Diagnostic tool
Checking the power supply to the injectors
Checking the windings
Ramp diagnostics

If you are the owner of a car with an injection engine, then you should know that good injectors are required for high-quality operation of the injection system. You can check the operation of the injectors of the injection engine and troubleshoot their operation on your own, it is not necessary to immediately rush to the service station.

For the metered supply of fuel to the combustion chambers of the engine, injectors are required. In the fuel system, they allow gasoline to be mixed with air. Thus, a combustible mixture is formed, which then ignites.

Injectors are:

• Electromagnetic - the valve monitors the access of fuel and regulates the atomization of the fuel mixture using the electronic engine control unit. There is a valve on the central distribution system in front of the throttle valve.

• Mechanical - do not dose the fuel supply, but only open access to it under pressure.

The principle of operation of the injectors: an electronic sensor analyzes the volume of the pressurized air supply. The information received by the sensor enters the computer unit for further analysis (for example, engine temperature, air temperature). After that, the computer calculates the size of the volume of air in the fuel mixture required so that the output coefficient of performance (efficiency) from the operation of the engine is as high as possible.

If you decide to buy a used car, or you have already driven about 100 thousand km on your car, then you should check the performance of the injectors or replace them.

The injectors (their condition) are affected by the quality of the fuel consumed. If low quality fuel is regularly poured into the tank, then the nozzles will not last long. They will have to be changed earlier than after 100 thousand kilometers.

Symptoms of malfunctioning injectors can be seen. They will tell you about them:

• Unstable engine idling.

• Increased fuel consumption.

• The engine does not start well.

• The exhaust gases have become more toxic.

• At idle, the ignition skips.

• The car picks up worse acceleration (although the gas is squeezed out "to the floor").

• If you notice at least one of the above symptoms, it is worth checking the injector nozzles.

To extend the life of the injectors, it is desirable:

• Fill the tank with only high quality fuel.

• Regularly add various additives to the tank (sold in auto chemistry departments).

• Every 40 thousand km clean the nozzles (because they get clogged).

Before checking the injector nozzles, pay attention to the fuel filter (it must be clean), the gas tank and the fuel pump sieve (they can have blockages and deposits). Such examinations are required after 30 thousand kilometers for preventive purposes. If everything is in order with this part of the fuel system, proceed to check the injectors.

You can go to the service station, where there is a special stand. Liquid is supplied to the nozzles under pressure, and you will be able to see the operation of each sprayer on the stand (what dose of atomization it produces).

To diagnose injectors, use a multimeter or ohmmeter (these are devices for measuring the resistance of injectors). To determine the condition of the injector, it is required to disconnect it from the high voltage wire. Now we check the nozzle with the device. There are nozzles of low and high impedance (the manufacturer's instructions will tell you about the type of nozzle). The resistance should be 2-5 / 12-18 ohms.

At home, you can also check the injector nozzle. This can be done in several ways:

Start the engine. Touch the working nozzle with your hand - it should pulsate. If no jitter is felt, then the injector is out of order. Add revs at idle speed and let the engine run a little. If the cap nuts that hold the injectors are loosened one by one, the engine speed will decrease. If the speed does not change, then the nozzle needs cleaning or replacement.

Do-it-yourself check of petrol injectors is possible if you have a diagnostic tool:

• Machine on-board computer (will help to identify malfunctions in the engine management system).

• Pressure gauge (determines the fuel pressure). Helps to identify problems with the fuel pump pressure regulator, clogged fuel filters.

• Polarity LED on injectors (you can also determine the polarity on the ignition modules and the coil).

• Ohmmeter or multimeter (determines the resistance of the injectors).

If the ignition is on, and one of the injectors in the injector does not work, then it is necessary to check the presence of power on the injectors. To do this, disconnect the wiring block from the inoperative injector. Two ends of the wires must be attached to the battery, and the other side of the wire must touch the contacts of the injector. Now turn on the ignition.

The injector on the injector requires immediate replacement if the resistance on it is higher or lower than 11-15 ohms. This is determined using an ohmmeter.

How to check the resistance on the injector windings?

1. Remove the negative terminal from the battery.

2. Disconnect the connector with wires from the injector.

3. Connect the ohmmeter wires to the injector electrical connector.

4. Compare the ohmmeter readings with the standard ones (this is indicated in the manufacturer's instructions).

You can also check the injector nozzles on the ramp. For this:

1. Remove the ramp together with the injectors.

2. Get her out of the awkward position.

3. Remove the negative terminal.

4. Connect the harness to the rail harness.

5. Replace the minus terminal.

Connect both fuel pipes and use a wrench to tighten the fittings that hold them. Place a container with a measuring scale under each nozzle (there should be 4 containers). Crank the engine with a starter.

Switch off the ignition. When calm, no liquid should leak from the nozzles.

If leaks are noticeable, the fuel injector is leaking and must be replaced. Compare the amount of leaked liquid in the measuring containers. If the amount of leaked liquid is different, then one of the nozzles needs cleaning or replacement.

Remember to inspect the nozzles for defects. If you find something, change the nozzle.Replace the ramp.

The reliable operation of the engine depends on the correct functioning of the injectors. Their condition is largely influenced by the quality of the fuel used. High-quality fuel significantly increases the life of the injectors. During normal operation, they are replaced every 100 thousand kilometers.

The main reasons that negatively affect the performance of the injectors are their clogging, as well as wear or breakage of some parts that make up their design. For prophylaxis, various additives should be added to the fuel tank, and every 30-40 thousand kilometers, check the filter elements and clean clogged nozzles from dirt and debris. You can do this work yourself or contact the professionals of specialized firms, one of the proven ones is

Malfunctioning injectors signal such symptoms:
✔ the engine is unstable at idle;
✔ increased fuel consumption;
✔ Difficulty starting the engine;
✔ poor response when pressing the gas pedal;
✔ exhaust with smoke and increased toxicity.

Lower ambient temperatures will exacerbate these symptoms as the volatility of the mixture decreases. Timely flushing will prevent coking of the nozzle spray. For this, special cleaning fluids are used, and the procedure itself can be carried out even at home. This should be done regularly as smaller fuel outlets will reduce engine power and performance.

A spanner wrench is used to remove and further disassemble the injectors. This is, firstly, convenient, and secondly, an open-end wrench can damage the union nuts of the injector bodies, and they can crack during disassembly and assembly. On examination, worn parts are identified and replaced.

Repairs to the sprayer must be carried out with absolute cleanliness. Before removing injectors from diesel engines and during their disassembly, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse everything. The smallest particles of sand or dust trapped in the channel can damage the threads and impair a reliable seal. After disconnecting the high-pressure tube from the nozzle, it is necessary to close the fitting with a tight and clean cap, this will protect its cavity from dirt.

After removing the injector from the gasoline engine, it is imperative to close the holes where they are inserted with clean plugs. There is also a non-disassembly cleaning method using a temporary power system. It consists of an additional fuel pump, a plastic bottle with cleaner and a hose. The fluid is pumped in two stages with a break to dissolve the deposits. The first time the device turns on for 5 minutes, and then for another half hour. The advantage of this method is flushing the entire fuel system, and its simplicity allows you to perform actions in a garage. Of course, not every driver can do it on their own, in this case, you should contact a car repair company.

Modern cars are entirely injector. The owners of such machines sooner or later face the question of repairing injectors, since the functioning of the entire system directly depends on their uninterrupted operation. In some cases, it is easier to replace the nozzle than to repair it, but it is nevertheless necessary to restore the serviceability of a serviceable part more often.ATTENTION! Found a completely simple way to reduce fuel consumption! Don't believe me? An auto mechanic with 15 years of experience also did not believe until he tried it. And now he saves 35,000 rubles a year on gasoline! Read more" You can check the functionality of the injection system, diagnose the health of the injectors with your own hands. It is not necessary to go to the service station every time.Injectors are mandatory components of the ITS (injector). They are intended for the metered supply of fuel.It is the nozzles that make it possible to create fuel assemblies (fuel-air mixture) by mixing gasoline or diesel fuel with air. The combustible mixture formed in this way is easier to ignite.It is customary to distinguish between several types of nozzles:

models controlled directly by electronics (the valve of such nozzles regulates the spray level, controls the access of fuel);

options for injectors that do not meter fuel, but only supply it under pressure;

injectors of a new model using the piezoelectric effect (in comparison with analogs they work four times faster).

As a rule, if a used car was bought, or the service life of the native car has exceeded the 150,000 mark, the performance of the injection system elements should be checked.Of course, the quality of the fuel that the owner fills the car with directly affects the resource of the injectors. A depressing situation reigns in the countries of the former CIS and in Russia, where it is not clear what is being sold at gas stations. Having poured such a composition into the fuel tank of a car, and having driven several thousand kilometers, one has to start repairing certain parts, including injectors.The injectors should be checked as soon as the following signs are present:

it became very difficult to start the engine;

increased fuel consumption;

the engine is troit, unstable in the XX mode;

the exhaust has become much more toxic;

the agility of the car has worsened;

ignition slips to XX.

If one of the above signs is present on an injection car, then it will not be superfluous to check the operation of the injectors. We can say that the time and money are well spent. However, it will be possible to completely eliminate the topic of money if you learn how to independently check the injectors.The injector is checked with a multimeter or an ohm meter. The injector is disconnected from the high voltage and then checked. It is necessary to test the compliance of the impedance values of the injectors with the standard values. If the injectors are low-impedance, then their resistance should be within 2-5 Ohm, if high-impedance - within 12-18 Ohm.First you need to remove the nozzle from the rail.

The area around the nozzle is thoroughly rinsed, blown out and dried. Particular attention should be paid to the place where the fuel line is connected.

Unscrew the wire nuts, but very carefully and gradually, if you intend to continue using the fuel line. It is recommended to wear protective gloves before unscrewing.

Close the union with a plug or a piece of clean polyethylene, and then wrap with electrical tape.

Next, the nozzle is checked visually.

The catalog number must be stamped on the nozzle body, and an individual 16-character code is written on top of it. This will indicate the originality of the part that is worth repairing (the original part is worth spending time on, the Chinese analog is better to replace immediately).

If dirt is visible at the end of the nozzle, this is unacceptable. It is necessary to soak the sprayer and the nozzle body in a special Vin Es liquid.

Now is the time to start disassembling. First you need to unscrew the tightening fasteners of the nozzle, and then place it in the bath. Due to a clogged throttle inside the nozzle or due to a weak connection, diesel fuel flows back into the tank, and this, accordingly, leads to abnormal injection and loss of pressure in the rail.The spray nozzle with the needle also deteriorates, although to a lesser extent. The gap between these parts of the nozzle is also small, which can lead to rapid wear. As for the wear of the needle, it will eventually get scratched and damaged.When sorting a nozzle in a domestic environment, a good, high-quality magnifier will be of great benefit. Most of the internal parts of the nozzle are small, a magnifying glass will allow you to see all of them, without losing anything. Small elements also include round metal balls that perform very important functions inside the nozzle.

The least time-consuming check of injectors of any engine is electrical. It should be done in the first place. The diagnosed parameter is the winding resistance. Before proceeding, you need to find out the nominal interval of its values in the repair manual. Equipment - multimeter and flat screwdriver. The measurement technology is trivial:

Disconnect the negative from the battery.
Dismantle the supply block of the injection module using a flat head screwdriver.
By turning the central knob, set the impedance measurement mode on the electrical device.
Bring the test leads to the contacts and note the actual resistance value.

For your information... There are low resistance and high resistance sprayers. The number of "Ohms" in the latter is maintained in the range: 11-12 ... 15-17 Ohms. Low impedance is on the order of 2 ... 5 ohms. If the value is different, the defective injector is replaced.

So, the diagnosis was made: "Everything is in order with the electrical affairs of the injectors!" Okay. But, there is also a hydraulic part. Its purpose is to determine if the module is splashing at all. If so, how does he do it, i.e. it is necessary to check the nozzles of the injection engine with your own hands for the conditional shape of the fuel spray.

The test procedure is two-stage:

Comprehensive inspection of sprayers.
Individual control of the operation of each injector.

Both procedures cannot be performed without removing the fuel rail assembly with injectors. Having removed the "ruler", you should proceed to a comprehensive check:

connect the fuel supply pipes and power pads to the assembly;
place a measuring cup under each spraying part;
cranking the engine with a starter, visually assess the operation of the sprayers.

The spray pattern must be the same. With a significant difference, one can draw self-cleaning of the injector using homemade equipment. But before that, it is worth doing a tightness test. To do this, disconnect the wiring from the injectors and turn on the ignition. The link that digs under these conditions must be replaced. It is useless to clean it.

Complex diagnostics are "unsuccessful" when the injector unit does not supply fuel at all. Before disposing of a part, it is worth carrying out an individual test. Namely, check the wiring using the bypass method:

Uninstall the injector power terminals.
Power one sprayer from the battery.
Switch on the ignition and check the functionality of the powered product.

If the device properly sprays a portion of fuel, then the problem should be looked for in the wiring. And this test turned out to be a failure - a part for replacement.

How to check common rail diesel injectors with your own hands: a troubleshooting technique

The analysis technology of diesel injectors is in the first approximation similar to that of gasoline. The similarity lies in the fact that an electrical check is performed using a multimer first. It is carried out according to the above scenario. An excellent result is a reason to move on to testing the hydraulic part.

Complete diagnostics of the hydraulic unit at home is impossible by definition. This requires prohibitively expensive test equipment. Only specialized organizations can afford it. Many years of experience is also an important component.

A simple do-it-yourself check of common rail diesel injectors consists of two tests:

tactile control;
drain test.

First, a manual inspection is performed. On the running engine, the lines are probed, transporting diesel fuel from the ramp to the injectors. Problematic (clogged) parts are those parts, the fuel supply line to which pulsates, and has an elevated temperature in comparison with the rest. If you find this fact, you can use flushing the injector with additives in an individual format.

Everyone knows the problem of high-mileage diesel internal combustion engines - difficult start-up. And after a while, it is generally impossible due to a malfunction of at least one injector. The reason for this is that the nozzle does not hold pressure, it drains the fuel through the return line. In order to determine this fact, a drain test is carried out:

prepare containers (each sprayer has its own container);
remove the return line hoses;
connect flexible tubes from the station to the injectors;
start the engine;
observe at idle speed the level of liquid in the cups.

The installation for the diagnosis of spray products for drainage can be easily built by yourself. For this you will need:

Syringes (the number corresponds to the number of cylinders).
Droppers.
Screws.
Dostochka.

Syringes are attached to the board. Instead of a needle, droppers are connected to them. That's it - the station is ready for use.

Do-it-yourself home check of nozzles of a gasoline injection engine and a diesel engine is real. Both power plants carry out both electrical control and inspection of the hydraulic component.

Electrical diagnostics is a test of the resistance of the injector winding. This includes a test for the integrity of the wires supplying current. Hydraulic testing is:

analysis of the spray pattern for gasoline internal combustion engines;
control of the amount of discharged fuel on diesel engines.

Video (click to play).

With regard to heavy fuel, another method of verification is relevant - the tactile one. The fuel line of each nozzle is probed for jolts and elevated temperatures.