DIY repair of the mtz 80 generator

In detail: do-it-yourself repair of the MTZ 80 generator from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

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The MTZ generator is a current source that ensures the operation of all electrical appliances of the tractor.

BelMAZdizel LLC will tell you about what the generator consists of and how to repair the mechanism.

There are two types of mechanisms - direct and alternating currents. The MTZ generator of the first type consists of:

  • Winding anchors;
  • Inductors;
  • Diodes;
  • Collectors.

Power is generated in the wound cores. When equipment moves, magnetic fluxes increase. A diode with a semiconductor is a rectifier. The constant voltage generation by the tractor generator is regulated by a special automatic system.

The current is conducted in one direction only. Generators of the second type of tractor are capable of operating without voltage regulators. A rectifier is required to charge the battery.

Consists generator MTZ alternating current from the following elements:

  • Stator;
  • Rotor;
  • Back and front covers;
  • Bearings.

There are six cores in the tractor generator body. The elements are made of iron plates. The copper winding is fixed to the core. Each has 63 turns. The ends of the winding are connected to the terminals.

The MTZ generator has a switch. A wire and terminals are connected to it. To ensure the normal operation of the tractor generator, it is necessary to connect lamps of a suitable power. The mechanism has three working positions.

The discharge current at the rated shaft speed indicates a weak tension in the belt of the MTZ generator. Broken wires or oxidation of the terminals could also have occurred. The discharge current occurs due to turn-to-turn short circuit and breakdown of rectifier diodes. If knocks and noises appear in the MTZ generator, it is necessary to tighten the nuts of the wire pulley.

Video (click to play).

Extraneous sounds can also occur as a result of wear or destruction of ball bearings. The rotor touches the stator. Urgent repair of the generator 82 is required. A high charging current indicates a battery malfunction.

However, before attempting to repair generator 82, a check must be done. All consumers of electricity are switched on on the tractor. Set the rated shaft rotation power and connect a voltammeter.

Gradually increase the load on the tractor generator and measure the voltage. The value of the measured parameter should not be less than 12.5 V. If the voltage differs significantly from the set one, repair the generator 82.

The serviceability of the elements is checked with a control lamp. You need to remove the back cover and the integral device. Release the coil leads and check for a short circuit in the tractor generator.

When a malfunction is detected, the control lamp lights up. If the winding insulation is broken or diodes are out of order, the MTZ generator must be replaced.

Dirt on the collector and brushes can cause a malfunction.

To ensure stable operation, the tractor generator needs to be cleaned regularly. Elements with wires are wiped with a rag soaked in gasoline. Then the parts are purged and dried.

The rest of the MTZ parts are washed in a special solution. It is allowed to use ordinary kerosene. To repair the generator 82, it must be disassembled.

If you need to replace the pulley, bend the washer and unscrew the nut.

Then remove the mechanism with a puller. To replace the rectifier unit, the tractor generator is unscrewed. Remove the cover and disconnect the wires from the terminals. Release the stator leads and twist the washers.

The rectifier unit must be removed when repairing the generator 82 when replacing the stator or bearing.

What if you find that the ammeter displays the discharge current at the rated engine speed? We check the tension of the alternator belt. If the tension is normal, we look for an open wire in the power supply circuit of the excitation winding. If they are in order, the contacts of the connecting wires must have acidified.

By the way, with turn-to-turn closure or breakage of turns in the excitation winding, short-circuit of the stator winding to the case, with the breakdown of diodes of reverse or direct polarity of the rectifier, the same situation arises.

Why might there be a large charging current? A short circuit of the battery plates is quite likely, and this leads to a decrease in the internal resistance of the battery and an increase in current.

Noise and knocking in the generator can occur due to the weakening of the fastening of the generator drive pulley, the destruction of bearings or the development of their seats. So the noise is obtained due to the grazing of the rotor on the stator.

How to check the operation of the 464.3701 generator on a tractor? We connect electricity consumers, bring the engine crankshaft speed to the nominal one, measure the voltage with a KI-1093 voltammeter between "+" and the unpainted place of the generator case (Fig. 2.2.1) and, smoothly adding the load current to 30 A, measure the voltage. It must be at least 12.5 V.

Rice. 2.2.1. Scheme for checking the generator output voltage under load on the MTZ-80, MTZ-82 tractor:
1 - generator; 2 - voltammeter KI-1003

What to do if the generator voltage is very different from the nominal or not at all when the battery is disconnected? The generator must be removed for inspection and possibly subsequent replacement. How to check the MTZ-80, MTZ-82 generator? First, you need to check the serviceability of the main elements of the generator using a 12 V warning lamp.

The sequence of actions is as follows: remove the back plastic cover and an integrated device (IU); then we release the leads of the excitation coil and the additional rectifier from the bolts of the terminal panel. We check the absence of a short circuit in the diodes or between the windings and the generator case (see Fig. 2.2.2).

Rice. 2.2.2. Schemes for checking the generator for the absence of a short circuit MTZ-80, MTZ-82
a - how to check the diodes of the rectifier unit; b - how to check the stator windings and reverse polarity diodes; c - how to check diodes of direct polarity; d - how to check the diodes of the additional rectifier; e - how to check the field windings on the generator case;
1 - generator case; 2 - terminal "+"; 3 - terminal "Ш"; 4 - outputs of the phases of the rectifier unit; 5 - storage battery; 6 - terminal "D"; 7 - terminal of the output of the end of the excitation winding; 8 - output terminal of the beginning of the excitation winding; 9 - control lamp

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In the event of a short circuit of diodes, winding or breakdown to the case, the control lamp lights up. That is how it should be. If the insulation of the windings is broken and the diodes are faulty, the generator must be changed. The generator is calibrated on the KI-968 or 532M test benches.

First of all, the voltage of the generator without load is checked. It must be at least 12.5 V at a rotor speed of no more than 1400 rpm. Next, the voltage of the generator is checked under load, with a load current of 36 A and a rotor speed of 3000 rpm. It must also be at least 12.5 V.

To check the integral device, the load current is reduced to 5 A, and the rotor speed is tried to be kept within 3000 rpm. In the "summer mode" (the seasonal adjustment switch in the "L" position), the voltage on the generator should be 13.2-14.1 V. In the "winter mode" (the seasonal adjustment switch in the "W" position), the voltage is slightly higher, within 14.3-15.2 V. If these parameters do not correspond, the integrated device must be replaced.

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