DIY repair of the mtz 80 generator

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The MTZ generator is a current source that ensures the operation of all electrical appliances of the tractor.

BelMAZdizel LLC will tell you about what the generator consists of and how to repair the mechanism.

There are two types of mechanisms - direct and alternating currents. The MTZ generator of the first type consists of:

• Winding anchors;
• Inductors;
• Diodes;
• Collectors.

Power is generated in the wound cores. When equipment moves, magnetic fluxes increase. A diode with a semiconductor is a rectifier. The constant voltage generation by the tractor generator is regulated by a special automatic system.

The current is conducted in one direction only. Generators of the second type of tractor are capable of operating without voltage regulators. A rectifier is required to charge the battery.

Consists generator MTZ alternating current from the following elements:

• Stator;
• Rotor;
• Back and front covers;
• Bearings.

There are six cores in the tractor generator body. The elements are made of iron plates. The copper winding is fixed to the core. Each has 63 turns. The ends of the winding are connected to the terminals.

The MTZ generator has a switch. A wire and terminals are connected to it. To ensure the normal operation of the tractor generator, it is necessary to connect lamps of a suitable power. The mechanism has three working positions.

The discharge current at the rated shaft speed indicates a weak tension in the belt of the MTZ generator. Broken wires or oxidation of the terminals could also have occurred. The discharge current occurs due to turn-to-turn short circuit and breakdown of rectifier diodes. If knocks and noises appear in the MTZ generator, it is necessary to tighten the nuts of the wire pulley.

Extraneous sounds can also occur as a result of wear or destruction of ball bearings. The rotor touches the stator. Urgent repair of the generator 82 is required. A high charging current indicates a battery malfunction.

However, before attempting to repair generator 82, a check must be done. All consumers of electricity are switched on on the tractor. Set the rated shaft rotation power and connect a voltammeter.

Gradually increase the load on the tractor generator and measure the voltage. The value of the measured parameter should not be less than 12.5 V. If the voltage differs significantly from the set one, repair the generator 82.

The serviceability of the elements is checked with a control lamp. You need to remove the back cover and the integral device. Release the coil leads and check for a short circuit in the tractor generator.

When a malfunction is detected, the control lamp lights up. If the winding insulation is broken or diodes are out of order, the MTZ generator must be replaced.

Dirt on the collector and brushes can cause a malfunction.

To ensure stable operation, the tractor generator needs to be cleaned regularly. Elements with wires are wiped with a rag soaked in gasoline. Then the parts are purged and dried.

The rest of the MTZ parts are washed in a special solution. It is allowed to use ordinary kerosene. To repair the generator 82, it must be disassembled.

If you need to replace the pulley, bend the washer and unscrew the nut.

Then remove the mechanism with a puller. To replace the rectifier unit, the tractor generator is unscrewed. Remove the cover and disconnect the wires from the terminals. Release the stator leads and twist the washers.

The rectifier unit must be removed when repairing the generator 82 when replacing the stator or bearing.

What if you find that the ammeter displays the discharge current at the rated engine speed? We check the tension of the alternator belt. If the tension is normal, we look for an open wire in the power supply circuit of the excitation winding. If they are in order, the contacts of the connecting wires must have acidified.

By the way, with turn-to-turn closure or breakage of turns in the excitation winding, short-circuit of the stator winding to the case, with the breakdown of diodes of reverse or direct polarity of the rectifier, the same situation arises.

Why might there be a large charging current? A short circuit of the battery plates is quite likely, and this leads to a decrease in the internal resistance of the battery and an increase in current.

Noise and knocking in the generator can occur due to the weakening of the fastening of the generator drive pulley, the destruction of bearings or the development of their seats. So the noise is obtained due to the grazing of the rotor on the stator.

How to check the operation of the 464.3701 generator on a tractor? We connect electricity consumers, bring the engine crankshaft speed to the nominal one, measure the voltage with a KI-1093 voltammeter between "+" and the unpainted place of the generator case (Fig. 2.2.1) and, smoothly adding the load current to 30 A, measure the voltage. It must be at least 12.5 V.

Rice. 2.2.1. Scheme for checking the generator output voltage under load on the MTZ-80, MTZ-82 tractor:
1 - generator; 2 - voltammeter KI-1003

What to do if the generator voltage is very different from the nominal or not at all when the battery is disconnected? The generator must be removed for inspection and possibly subsequent replacement. How to check the MTZ-80, MTZ-82 generator? First, you need to check the serviceability of the main elements of the generator using a 12 V warning lamp.

The sequence of actions is as follows: remove the back plastic cover and an integrated device (IU); then we release the leads of the excitation coil and the additional rectifier from the bolts of the terminal panel. We check the absence of a short circuit in the diodes or between the windings and the generator case (see Fig. 2.2.2).

Rice. 2.2.2. Schemes for checking the generator for the absence of a short circuit MTZ-80, MTZ-82
a - how to check the diodes of the rectifier unit; b - how to check the stator windings and reverse polarity diodes; c - how to check diodes of direct polarity; d - how to check the diodes of the additional rectifier; e - how to check the field windings on the generator case;
1 - generator case; 2 - terminal "+"; 3 - terminal "Ш"; 4 - outputs of the phases of the rectifier unit; 5 - storage battery; 6 - terminal "D"; 7 - terminal of the output of the end of the excitation winding; 8 - output terminal of the beginning of the excitation winding; 9 - control lamp

In the event of a short circuit of diodes, winding or breakdown to the case, the control lamp lights up. That is how it should be. If the insulation of the windings is broken and the diodes are faulty, the generator must be changed. The generator is calibrated on the KI-968 or 532M test benches.

First of all, the voltage of the generator without load is checked. It must be at least 12.5 V at a rotor speed of no more than 1400 rpm. Next, the voltage of the generator is checked under load, with a load current of 36 A and a rotor speed of 3000 rpm. It must also be at least 12.5 V.

To check the integral device, the load current is reduced to 5 A, and the rotor speed is tried to be kept within 3000 rpm. In the "summer mode" (the seasonal adjustment switch in the "L" position), the voltage on the generator should be 13.2-14.1 V. In the "winter mode" (the seasonal adjustment switch in the "W" position), the voltage is slightly higher, within 14.3-15.2 V. If these parameters do not correspond, the integrated device must be replaced.

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They brought such a generator for repair. Complaints about dim light (it works as usual a lot and without a battery).

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Disassembled and found the coil loose from vibration. It erased not only the varnish, but also up to half of the wire.

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And, accordingly, multiple frayed leads of the winding coils. (On the right you can see another damaged coil and behind it another break in the leads)

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Repair-replacement of two coils and a mandatory bandage for fixing the internal connections (indicated in green). In the stator of this generator, the coils are wired "in parallel", therefore their leads are of considerable length (up to 2/3 of the stator) and it is simply frivolous not to fix them from the factory, the shaking at MTZ is all the same. After replacing the coils and "lacing" I spilled this case with epoxy.

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Winner of the 2016 Most Helpful Participant vote

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The OO gene itself is very good, 700W 50A, when I was almost a fan of this design.
But with experience and years, the experience prevails, reason and the gene is really good only for “Belarusians and Zaporozhians”, since it has maximum rotational speed, above which permanent magnets are torn off, with centrifugal force and smoke, the flame from the thresher, when then the former generator.

Then there is a five-phase 1,000 W, but the problems are the same!
Gene for use only on diesel engines, when using without a battery, feel free to short-circuit the wires, the short-circuit will not take place, as the excitation winding of the GENA will simply turn off until the short-circuit is eliminated.

PS: Fixing the winding in the stator also implies two meanings of this device.
1.Additional electrical insulation.
2. Cementation of the winding, that is, from (when the electric motor or generator is running, the winding in it is set in motion, remember the bouncing welding cables when welding or the windings of the welding transformer when welding), and here, during amreisling, some also move ** m.
MTZ has nothing to do with it, their load made them move, and the vibration only added to.

Rewind the electric motor, but without placing it in a lacquer bath and without drying it, give a balanced load and how long will it last?

By the way, the link is 5-phase, 1000W.

This post has been edited picnic – 17.10.2012 – 21:31

Like any other type of transport, a tractor is a complex mechanism with its own characteristics of the chassis, ignition and power systems, as well as electrical equipment. The latter includes many components, one of which is the generator and associated mechanisms.

The generator is a power source for maintaining the operation of the tractor's electrical devices. In order to do its job well, the generator must be simple in configuration and operation, reliable, have a long service life, and small dimensions.

There are two types of generators - alternating current and direct current. Generators - alternating current are easy to operate, can be independently regulated and operate without voltage regulators. But the alternating current cannot charge the battery without a rectifier.

For tractors with electric start, it is more expedient to use a direct current generator, which gives, accordingly, a constant voltage.

In generators, the main components are the stator - a casing with a copper wire winding, the rotor - a rotating magnet with alternating polarity and fixed on the shaft. It also includes covers (back and front) and bearings in which the rotor rotates.
There are 6 cores in the middle of the body. Their set is made of iron plates. Copper windings are fixed to the core. Each of them has 63 turns. The ends lead and connect to terminals that are fixed externally. The windings are connected in pairs in three separate sections. All of them are united by one wire connected to the terminal. From her, the wiring is connected to the switch. The other ends are connected to other terminals, to which the lamp wires lead and through the switch are communicated with the total weight of the tractor.

All sections independently feed the lamp assigned to them. In order for the generator to function normally, only lamps with a suitable wattage should be connected.
The working generator has 3 positions. At the first pole, the rotor connects the iron housing and the teeth. At the heart of the second is the connection through the iron of the teeth. And the third position is similar to the first, only the lines of the poles are in opposite directions.
A generator with direct current has the following components: an armature with windings to excite an electric force; inductors, in the magnetic field of which the armature rotates; diodes for current rectification; collector, thanks to which the current enters the external network.

Exciters in generators of this type are magnets consisting of cores with windings, which are connected in series. At the beginning of work, little force is generated in the windings. But in the process of movement of electric voltage, magnetic fluxes increase.
The concept of a rectifier is associated with direct current. Used to charge the battery. In generators, a diode with a semiconductor (silicon, selenium) acts as a rectifier. The current is conducted in one direction.
Constant voltage generation is provided by an automatic regulation system, which is included in the generator set.

Like any mechanism, the generator and its components tend to wear out and break. A malfunction can be reported by an ammeter located on the dashboard and showing the amount of current, which depends on the condition of the battery.

With a charged battery after starting the engine, the arrow on the device deflects to charge, but not for long, because the current decreases to 1-2 A. Before looking for a breakdown, you should check the battery charge, the accuracy and serviceability of the ammeter. This can be easily verified by turning on the headlights with the engine off. The device should show discharging.

If the ammeter does not show a charge when the engine is running, then there may be a breakdown in the generator or relay-regulator. At low engine speeds, disconnect the wires from the terminals, connecting them to each other and increase the speed. If the generator is in good condition, then the current will increase.

So, the matter is in the relay of the Tractor regulator. It needs to be adjusted.
The reasons for the malfunction of the generator itself can be the collector - its pollution, wear, as well as dirty or worn brushes. If, after cleaning these parts, stable operation is not ensured, then you need to look for breaks or short circuits of the circuit or windings; oxidation of wires; belt tension; breakdown of rectifier diodes. If noise is heard during the operation of the generator, there may be a foreign object in the device, it may be faulty and the fan or bearings must be replaced.

After detecting a malfunction, the generator should be disassembled.

Wipe off parts containing wires with a cloth soaked in gasoline, blow through and dry. Rinse the rest in kerosene or a special solution.
If the matter is in the rotor, then there may be the following problems: the magnetic properties are lost, the magnet is cracked, the rotor is bent.

If it is necessary to replace the pulley, the washer is bent, the nut is unscrewed and the pulley itself is removed using a puller. Replace and reassemble if necessary.

When changing the rectifier unit, the screws are unscrewed, the cover is removed, the wires are disconnected from the terminal. Next, the excitation winding wire, the stator leads are removed, the washers and the rectifier itself are twisted from the latter, after which it is replaced.
The rectifier unit can also be removed when replacing the bearing and stator. In addition, the nut is loosened, the impeller is removed, the bolts are removed. Next, a bushing is placed and a metal plate is placed between it and the screw. Then the back cover is removed and, directly, both the stator and the bearing are changed.

After all the replacements, the generator is reassembled in the reverse order.

As mentioned above, the energy of the generator is variable, because it functions when the rotor speed changes. But in order for all tractor systems to work normally, the current must be constant. For this, diodes are installed to rectify the current. A relay is also installed, the generator regulator, it regulates the operation and interconnection of the generator and the battery. The relay regulator connects the charger to the battery when needed, and disconnects it after the battery is charged.

There are also situations when the load on the generator is more than usual (many electrical appliances are included in the tractor), which leads to overheating. To do this, you also need a device that limits the supplied current. All these functions are taken over by the tractor relay-regulator.

• voltage regulator,
• protection relay,
• transistor,
• diodes,
• seasonal switch.

At a low generator speed, the current is generated within the tractor's permissible norm and the relay passes it without resistance to the protection relay. As the engine speed increases, the voltage in the windings increases. Therefore, in order to avoid overloading the electrical equipment, a regulator is triggered, which stabilizes the voltage within a safe working standard. A properly configured relay should trip at 7 V.

There is a concept of seasonal operation of the tractor, therefore there is a winding on the regulator, which is regulated by a screw. If the temperature is higher than 5 ° C, the propeller is switched to the "Summer" mode. Accordingly, the "Winter" mode is activated at low temperatures.
The relay-regulator, like other devices, should be checked from time to time with special devices right on the tractor. It should be removed and opened only in case of special need by qualified specialists.

The set of electrical equipment consists of a storage battery; starter with current switch; DC generator; relay regulator; glow plugs (with a control coil and a switch) or an electric torch heater with a switch; rear and front headlights with electric lamps; a portable lighting lamp with a socket; a sound signal and an ammeter to monitor the operation of electrical equipment. Tractors equipped with a diesel engine with a starting engine without a starter,

Table of contents: Diagram of the MTZ 82 tractor Diagram of the electrical equipment of the MTZ 82 tractor Transmission of the MTZ 82 tractor description, photo Diagram of the suspension on the MTZ 82 Diagram of the MTZ 82 tractor The MTZ 82 tractor is made according to the usual, standard scheme, as well as [...]

Table of contents: The principle of operation of the alternator Alternator: the principle of operation The principle of operation of the direct current generator (DCG) The main parts of the alternator.

In today's article, we will talk about such a detail as the generator of the MTZ-80 and MTZ-82 tractor, because the operation of the turned on tractor completely depends on it. We will show you a complete diagram of the generator and tell you about the principle of its operation, as well as point out the main points in maintenance.

The main task of this mechanism is to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.In the tractor, electricity is generated by the rotation of the crankshaft from the engine, the generator also charges the battery, but first things first.

On the Belarus 80 and 82 models, a three-phase G306-D alternating current generator with one-sided electromagnetic excitation is installed. Below we give its diagram and briefly describe the structure and principle of operation.

The device is placed in the bracket to the right of the engine and is driven by a belt from the crankshaft. So he converts mechanical energy into alternating electrical energy.

But! Constant current is required for proper operation, so the generator current is passed through a three-phase bridge rectifier. This converts it from their variable to constant.

The main components of the generator for the MTZ-80 and MTZ-82 models: a stator (static) and a rotor (rotating). The stator (Ref. 8) is assembled from a plurality of electrical steel sheets. The three-phase winding coil is attached to the stator protrusion from the inside. With the help of three coils, each phase is formed, the coils are connected to each other in series, and the phases are in a "triangular" scheme. Their ends are brought out to the panel bolts (13) and will be connected to the rectifier.

The rotor (see 9) is also made of steel electrical sheets in the shape of a six-pointed star and pressed onto the shaft, which is wrapped around 2 ball-type bearings (6, 11) of the covers - front (5) and rear (12). A cast iron pulley (1) is attached to the end of the shaft with a nut together with a lock washer.

In the front cover (5), two legs are welded (one is necessary for adjusting the belt tension, the other for fastening). A hole is provided on the cylindrical part of the cover for condensate drainage, which can get inside the generator.

An excitation coil (7) is attached to the end of the front cover. Initially, the winding is connected to the body, and its end is brought out with a flexible mounting wire to terminal III.

Now let's consider the design of the rectifier, its design consists of a heat sink unit (3) and a housing (4) and 6 silicon diodes. Moreover, the first 3 of them are pressed into a case, and they have reverse polarity, and the rest into a heat sink unit. Their outputs are connected in pairs into phases and output to the terminals together with the stator phases.

The main rule is to monitor the correctness and reliability of the wiring and the generator itself, the drive belt and the general condition (cleanliness, serviceability). If there is dust or dirt on it, it must be removed with a brush or slightly damp cloth.

There is a special control lamp on the dashboard of the device, which, before starting work, I check the serviceability of the device. If everything is fine with the generator, then when the "mass" is closed, the "control" will light up before starting the engine.

Important! On the MTZ-80 and 82 models, it goes out completely, on the MTZ-82L and 80L it shines at half its intensity).

The serviceability of the generator is checked when the tractor engine is not running by disconnecting all terminals and wires from it. Compliance is checked with a 12 volt lamp and battery.

The negative terminal of the battery is attached to the generator terminal "M", and the positive terminal through the "control" of terminal III.

• If the winding is in good condition, the lamp will burn at half the incandescence, and the current will be from 3 to 3.5 Amperes;

• If the current strength is more than 3.5 A, it means that there is a short circuit between the winding and the case;

• If the lamp does not light up, the winding is broken.

The stator windings and rectifier are checked according to the following scheme:

1. The negative end of the storage battery is attached to the "M" terminal, and the positive end to the test lamp. The control lamp should not light up. If, on the contrary, then this is a sign:

• rectifier breakdown (short circuit in diodes or diode);

• violation of insulation between the heat sink and the body;

• short circuit of the positive end to the generator case.

2. The negative end of the battery is attached to any terminal of the generator, and the plus through the "control".The light should not be lit, otherwise, it is a sign of breakdown of one or more diodes.

The generator on tractors, as well as on other self-propelled machines, is designed to convert mechanical energy from the rotation of the engine crankshaft into electrical energy to power the tractor's on-board network and to charge the battery. Several types of generators were installed on MTZ tractors, depending on the configuration and year of manufacture, but they are all similar in design. These are three-phase AC electromechanical machines.

The electrical on-board network and the tractor battery operate on direct current, therefore, together with the generator, a rectifier is installed that converts alternating current into direct current, as well as a relay-regulator - a device that maintains the voltage produced by the generator within 14-15 volts at 12 volts the on-board network, or within 28 volts, if the on-board network is 24 volts, regardless of the speed of rotation and the number of simultaneously switched on devices.

The current arises in the generator due to the interaction of the electric magnetic fields of the rotating rotor and the stationary stator. The initial moment when the magnetic field appears is called "excitation". In the generators that were installed on MTZ tractors of different years of production, there is a separate excitation winding, to which power is supplied from the battery when the ground is turned on or ignition. However, the old tractor models did not have a starter and a battery in all configurations. The diesel engine was started using a starting engine, which, in turn, was manually started by a mechanic. On such a tractor, the presence of a battery was optional. In such configurations, the excitation problem was solved by using permanent magnet generators instead of an excitation winding, which did not require current from the battery to generate an electromagnetic field. An example is G 46.3701, which was widely used at that time. Modern tractors are always equipped with starters and batteries, so the need to install self-excited models has disappeared.

The power of the generators installed on MTZ tractors varies from 700 to 1500 watts, and is selected based on the operating conditions and equipment of the tractor with electrical devices.

The history of the Minsk Tractor Plant begins in 1946. Early models of tractors were not richly equipped with electrical appliances, modern technology has many electrical systems and complex elements such as on-board computers, air conditioning systems, multiple control systems, and the requirements for the power and reliability of generators have increased accordingly.

For more than 30 years, the supplier of generators for MTZ tractors has been the Grodno plant "Radiovolna", which produces the entire model range installed on the equipment of the Minsk Tractor Plant.

Generators installed on internal combustion engines are in most cases similar in design. Any device includes such elements as:

Let's consider the connection using the example of the G-306 D generator, which was installed on the MTZ-82 tractor for a long period of time.

The positive wire from the battery is connected to the "B" or "+" terminal. In parallel with this terminal is connected to the same terminal of the voltage regulator. The voltage generated from the stator windings through a diode rectifier is output to the "+" or "B" terminal inside the generator. In parallel with this terminal, through a relay, a battery charge indicator lamp is connected.

If the generator is working properly, the control lamp lights up when the ignition is turned on and goes out when the engine is running. Additionally, in some models of MTZ tractors, an ammeter is installed, which shows the current strength in Amperes, or a voltmeter, which shows the voltage in Volts.These devices allow the operator to quickly receive information about the operation of the generator and the state of the on-board network while the tractor is operating.

Terminal "Ш" is connected to a similar terminal of the relay-regulator. Through it, voltage is supplied to the excitation coils.

Terminal "M" (ground) is connected to the body (minus) of the tractor, and in parallel - to the terminal "M" of the relay-regulator. The “M” terminal of the regulator is also connected to the tractor body. A voltmeter installed on the instrument panel of the tractor to monitor the voltage in the on-board network can be included in the circuit between the terminal "Ш" and "М" of the voltage regulator.

In some models, there is additionally a terminal "D", to which the starter relay is connected, to block the starter from turning on when the engine is running.

When the engine is not running, the current from the battery is supplied to the "Ш" terminal, which is connected to the excitation winding, which creates an initial electromagnetic field. When the tractor engine is started, the rotation from the crankshaft is transmitted through the V-belt to the generator pulley rigidly fixed to the rotor shaft. When rotating, the rotor rotates the electromagnetic field of the shunted field windings, which, interacting with the stator windings, creates an alternating electric current on them. The current peaks when the protruding parts of the rotor pass the stator windings. To equalize the pulses, the generated current from the stator is passed through the rectifier, converting to DC. The outputs of the rectifier diodes are connected to the "+" or "B" terminal of the generator, from which the output voltage is removed to charge the battery and power the tractor's electrical appliances.

At the same time, the relay-regulator maintains the current within 14 - 15 volts, for the correct operation of the devices and to avoid overcharging the battery.

When the engine reaches high speed, the generator generates a current in excess of the rated value. Passing through the winding of the regulator relay (in the old version), or through the transistors (in the modern version), the current, when the values ​​are exceeded, enters the block of resistances, which reduce the strength of the electromagnetic field of excitation, as a result of which the current decreases.

Greetings, dear members of the forum!

There is a 46.3701 generator. Playful hands, loving the popularly recognized "poke" method, dug in it, and they disconnected the excitation winding wires from their regular places (terminal "D" and terminal "Ш"), connected them together, and put them "safely" on the terminal "Ш".
The problem is that both ends of the winding are made with the same color wire (orange). Actually the question: does it matter whether the beginning and end of the excitation winding are observed when connected? Or can we neglect it and plug it in at random? On one of the branches I read that a person's beginning was marked with red, the end with a blue wire, and he was prompted that red was for “D”, blue for “W”. And I have the same color.

One more question: how to check the performance of the Ya112B relay without installing it on the generator? At the moment it is not possible to install the generator on the tractor, because he is 100 km away from me.

I would be grateful to everyone who responded!

it matters if you confuse it will not work (there will be no self-excitation) look at the diagram I will understand to define it with a simple

Thanks for the answer, but you haven't read the generator type carefully. I have 46.3701, and its type and scheme is completely different

He has the excitation winding not on the armature, but next to the stator ones, in the stator.
Therefore, the question is ripe. If it was a regular collector generator, I would figure it out. The education of an electrical technician, no matter how.

This generator can work without battery.

Thanks for the answer, but you haven't read the generator type carefully. I have 46.3701, and its type and scheme is completely different
[image]
He has the excitation winding not on the armature, but next to the stator ones, in the stator.
Therefore, the question is ripe. If it was a regular collector generator, I would figure it out. The education of an electrical technician, no matter how.

This generator can work without battery.

Thanks for the answer, but you haven't read the generator type carefully. I have 46.3701, and its type and scheme is completely different
[image]
He has the excitation winding not on the armature, but next to the stator ones, in the stator.
Therefore, the question is ripe. If it was a regular collector generator, I would figure it out. The education of an electrical technician, no matter how.

This generator can work without battery.

This is a longitudinal field generator and the direction of this field depends on the polarity, so the connection of the beginning and end of the winding is important. You can try it at random by turning the generator with a drill. Remove the pulley and connect it with a piece of rubber hose (which direction to rotate has no knowledge). It happens that these generators are demagnetized and do not self-excite after a long period of inactivity. In order for it to be excited, it is enough to apply voltage to it for a short time.

To test the relay, you will need: a 12v 21sv light bulb and a 10-15v 2A regulated constant current source. if there is one, I will draw a diagram of the check.
And the generator will work regardless of the connection of the ends of the field winding.

Anatoly, thanks for the answer! I already began to guess that the matter is in the "shrunken" magnets of the rotor, so it is not excited. When rotated with a drill, it gives out only 0.6 volts. Now I have disassembled it for prophylaxis, I will assemble it, and I will try to apply 12 volts from the battery, so that it gets excited.

If everything works out, then do I need to replace the rotor with a new one? The old one, as I understand it, will not come to life? Or will it be magnetized again after long-term operation with the battery?

To test the relay, you will need: a 12v 21sv light bulb and a 10-15v 2A regulated constant current source. if there is one, I will draw a diagram of the check.
And the generator will work regardless of the connection of the ends of the field winding.

Yes, I have already checked the relay. There were no signs of life, I put on a new one. But, as I wrote above, it is not self-excited.

Buying a new rotor? Or are there options?

Connect the rotor leads directly to the 12 V battery. the current should be 4-5A. check. If the generator is assembled, turn the pulley at the same time - the resistance to rotation should increase.

Yes, I checked the bridge, everything is fine

The most common faults are bridge and relay. the rest are extremely rare.

usually it is enough to disassemble and pull all the connections and the inoperative generator that has been lying under the porch for years is working properly. Check the excitation and stator winding for open and short circuit, phase leads for the reliability of the connection on the diode bridge, serviceability of the block of additional diodes - three small parallel to the "horseshoe". relay tests

one of three or four usually work from the store.

One more question: how to check the performance of the Ya112B relay without installing it on the generator?

the eyes are afraid and the hands are doing

Greetings!
The situation has not changed. I put together a generator. Before assembly, all diodes in the bridge (main, additional) were checked, the relay regulator was checked, the stator windings rang, checked the excitation winding - everything is normal. Applied separately to the excitation winding 12 volts - the rotor is braked, the current consumption of the winding is 3 amperes.
He began to rotate the generator rotor with a drill. There is nothing at the exit.
Then he supplied power from the battery: “+” to the generator output, “-” to ground. I rotate. The voltage, as it was 12.5 volts, remained the same.
I threw the “+” battery to the “D” terminal (energized the excitation winding directly from the battery). The rotor began to rotate with effort.
The voltage at the generator output is 10.5 volts. Spun with a drill. The voltage rose to 11.6 volts.
I connected a 4-watt light bulb instead of a voltmeter, turned the gene with a drill - the lamp was on.
Connected a 21 watt lamp - it does not light up.
It turns out that the generator does not produce voltage under load.

What to do, where to dig? What's wrong with my "gene"? After all, powering the excitation winding directly from the battery is not a standard circuit, and when the generator is turned on according to the circuit, it is more likely dead than alive.