Do-it-yourself gur repair ural 4320

Hello, I haven't looked in for a long time, but I ask for your advice. The problem is that it hits the steering wheel when driving, shakes so finely to the left and right. I changed the power steering pump, the power steering itself. True power steering was in the garage and h.z. a worker or not. Recently I shook up the entire front axle, but the problem persists. There is a beating, both cold and hot, and when it feels like it, there is no clear periodicity. I have been driving this way for a year now, fortunately, mainly through the forests, but something needs to be done. Breaks the fingers in the steering rod, already tired of changing. Who could have had this, who will tell you how to treat?

I also lean towards spools, but is the power steering being repaired in the Urals? Can I sort it myself? And the crane is not there, as well as the spare wheel itself in a regular place, the installation does not allow.

Added after 1 minute 7 seconds:
Yes, the cylinder and the power steering itself are sitting on the frame dead.

Added after 7 minutes 33 seconds:

Steering of the Ural-4320-31 car in terms of the general structure and principle of operation is similar to the steering of a car

KamAZ-43114, but has a number of design features

Steering column

The steering column consists of a steering wheel 11 (Figure 11.25) with a shaft and bearings, fixed with clamps 10 to the cab panel, two cardan shafts 7 and 9, an intermediate support 18, fixed in the front panel of the cab.

1 - oil pump; 2 - steering gear; 3 - tank; 4, 5 - low pressure hose;

6, 12, 13 - high pressure pipeline; 7, 9 - cardan shaft; 8 - intermediate support;

10 - clamp; 11 - steering wheel; 14.15 - high pressure hose; 16 - power cylinder;

17 - longitudinal steering rod; 18 - bipod; 19 - support body; 20 - ball bearing;

21 - bushing; 22, 24 - retaining ring; 23 - intermediate support shaft; 25 - key;

26 - nut; 27 - spring washer; 28 - tie bolt; 29 - steering gear shaft; 30 - universal joint fork

Figure 11.25 - Steering the Ural-4320-31 car

The intermediate support has a shaft 23, two closed ball bearings 20 installed in the support housing 19, which are fixed by circlips 22. A spacer sleeve 21 is installed between the bearings 20. The shaft 23 is fixed relative to the bearings by a retaining ring 24.

The device of cardan shafts is similar to those previously discussed. The universal joint forks are fastened to the shafts using a key 25 and a tie bolt 28.

Steering gear

The Ural-4320-31 has a worm-sector steering gear, which has a cylindrical worm-type steering gear - a side sector. The steering gear ratio is 21.5.

A cylindrical two-thread worm 1 (Figure 11.26) is installed on the splines of the steering shaft 2 and rotates in the crankcase 3 on two roller bearings 4. The use of cylindrical roller bearings allows the shaft 2 to move in the axial direction, which is necessary for the normal operation of the steering booster distributor.

The side sector 5 is made in one piece with the bipod shaft 6 and is installed in the crankcase on roller bearings. When the steering shaft rotates, the sector teeth move along the helical line of the worm, turning the bipod shaft.

Figure 11.26 Worm and sector steering gear

The teeth of the side sector are in engagement with several turns of the worm at once, which provides a sufficiently low pressure on the teeth when transmitting large forces. To adjust the gap in the steering gear between the side cover 7 of the steering gear housing and the end surface of the bipod shaft, an adjusting washer 8 is installed.Replacing the washer with a washer of a different thickness during adjustment leads to a change in the gap in the engagement of the working pair of the steering gear.

When the car is moving, the steering gear is in the straight-ahead position most of the time, which leads to increased wear on the middle sector teeth. When adjusting the engagement of the working pair of the steering gear using a washer, the side sector is brought closer to the worm, compensating for the wear. This could lead to jamming of the steering gear in the extreme positions, since the wear of the extreme teeth is less than average. To prevent jamming of the steering gear, after the adjustment is made, the extreme teeth of the sector are made with a smaller thickness than the middle ones. This constructive solution leads to an increased clearance in the new steering gear at the extreme positions of the wheels, which does not adversely affect the properties of the steering mechanism, since this mode is rarely used and at low speed. To prevent deformation of the steering shaft and disruption of the steering gear engagement at maximum load, a stop 9 is installed in the crankcase opposite the engagement zone of the working pair.

To reduce friction in the steering gear, TM3-18 oil is poured into the steering gear crankcase through the filler hole in the upper part of the crankcase at an ambient temperature of up to minus 30 ° C or TM5 -12rk all-season in a volume of 1.48 liters.

The steering mechanism is highly reliable, simple in design, and can transmit large forces.

Steering drive

The general arrangement of the steering drive is similar to KamAZ-43114.The tubular longitudinal steering rod has two ball joints, similar in structure to KamAZ-43114 (Figure 11.27). The hinges are not adjustable. A sponge filler impregnated with grease is installed in the protective sleeve 12 to improve the sealing of the hinge.

The transverse link is straight, with two ball joints, unified with the longitudinal steering link joints. Threaded rod ends have different threads: one left, the other right. This allows you to adjust the toe-in of the wheels without removing the rod end by rotating the rod with a gas wrench, having previously loosened the tie bolts of the end caps. Toe-in should be within 1-3 mm.

1 - ball finger; 2 - tip body; 3 - grease nipple; 4 - spring; 5 - plug;

6 - retaining ring; 7 - sealant; 8 - spring holder; 9, 10 - insert; 11 - pad; 12 - protective sleeve; 13 - washer

Figure 11.27 - Ball joint of the longitudinal tie rod

Steering amplifier

The steering booster of the Ural-4320-31 car is hydraulic, semi-built-in. This means that the power cylinder is made separately, and the steering gear and distributor are in a single unit. The steering booster consists of an oil pump 1 (Figure 11.28), a power cylinder 16, a distributor mounted in the upper part of the steering gear, pipelines and hoses for low and high pressure. The vane oil pump, double-acting, is similar in structure to the KamAZ-43114 pump, but has a number of features.

1 - collector mounting bolt; 2 - a sealing ring; 3 - inlet pipe; 4 - gasket; 5 - housing cover; 6 - valves (bypass and safety); 7 - distribution disk; 8 - rotor; 9 - blades; 10 - stator; 11, 14 - bearing; 12 - cuff;

13 - clip; 14 - case; 15 - pulley; 16 - retaining ring; 17 - bushing; 18 - washer;

19 - nut; 20 - pump shaft; 21 - key

Figure 11.28 - Power steering oil pump for Ural-4320-31

The oil pump is installed on the left side of the engine, driven from the nose of its crankshaft by a V-belt. The belt tension is adjusted by turning the pump about the mounting axis using the adjusting screw.

The pump reservoir is installed separately and connected to the inlet pipe 3 of the collector by a rubber-fabric sleeve. In the upper part of the tank (Figure 11.29), a cover 7 with a drain pipe is attached, under which there is a filter 2 with a mesh sectional filtering element.The oil is filled into the tank through the filler neck 3, the plug 5 of which is equipped with an oil level indicator.

1 - tank; 2 - filter; 3 - filler neck; 4 - gasket; 5 - cork; 6 - sealant;

Figure 11.29 - Oil pump of the steering booster of the Ural-4320-31

The power cylinder is an actuation device for the power steering, in which the pressure from the oil distributor is converted into a force that is transmitted through the rod to the steering wheels, making it easier to drive. The power cylinder is pivotally connected to the left frame side member (Figure 11.25), and its rod is connected through a ball joint to the pivot arm mounted on the left steering knuckle. The structure of the power cylinder is shown in Figure 11.30.

1 - the tip of the cylinder; 2, 6 - sealing ring; 3 - nut; 4 - cylinder; 5 - piston with rod assembly; 7 - support ring; 8 - cuff; 9 - pressure ring; 10 - nut;

11 - protective sleeve; 12 - bolt; 13 - rod tip

Figure 11.30 - Power cylinder of the steering booster of the Ural-4320-31

With the engine running, the oil pump constantly flows into the booster system from 9.5 to 20 l / min of oil. This oil enters the distributor designed to control the actuator - the power cylinder. If the steering wheel is stationary, the distributor directs the oil coming from the oil pump simultaneously to both cavities of the power cylinder and then back to the reservoir.

If the driver begins to turn the steering wheel, the distributor directs all the oil supplied from the pump to one of the cavities of the power cylinder, depending on the direction of rotation. In this case, the opposite cavity of the power cylinder is connected through a distributor with a drain into the tank.

Distributor of the steering booster of the car Ural-4320-31

(Figure 11.31) spool valve, with an axial spool, reaction plungers and centering springs.

1 - reactive plunger; 2 - centering spring; 3 - thrust bearing; 4 - spool; 5 - distributor body

Figure 11.31 - Distributor of the steering amplifier of the Ural-4320-31 car

The device and principle of operation of the distributor is similar to KamAZ-43114, but has a number of features.

There is no additional safety valve in the distributor; the maximum pressure in the system is limited by the pump valves.

Reactive plungers that provide a force follower action (sense of the road) are paired.

The excess of the spool length over the body length (size B) is 2.08-2.27 mm on each side. The spool is displaced by the indicated amount when the steering wheel is turned on when the power steering is turned on. In this case, the cylindrical worm of the steering mechanism, rotating, moves along the teeth of the stationary, at the first moment, the side sector within the specified gap (B) and through the steering shaft displaces the distributor spool.

Date added: 2016-09-26; views: 4464; ORDER WRITING WORK

Steering gear

The steering system consists of a steering column, a steering gear, a steering gear and a hydraulic booster.
On cars, it is possible to install a steering system of two versions: with a worm-side sector steering mechanism (Fig. 55), a screw-ball nut-rail-sector (Fig. 56).
On the body of the steering valve spool of the worm-side sector type between the lower fittings there is a blind hole with a diameter of 12 mm and a depth of 5 mm, which is a distinctive mark. Do not use mechanisms without this drilling in power steering mounted on the left frame side member.

Rice. 55. Steering with a worm-side sector mechanism: 1 - pump; 2 - steering mechanism; 3 - oil tank; 4, 5 - low pressure hoses; 6, 14, 15 - high pressure hoses; 7, 9 - cardan shafts of steering control; 8 - intermediate support; 10 - steering column; 11 - steering wheel; 12, 13 - high pressure tubes; 16 - amplifying mechanism; 17 - bipod thrust; 18 - bipod; 19 - case; 20 - bearings; 21 - spacer sleeve; 22, 24 - retaining rings; 23 - shaft; 25 - key; 26 - nut; 27 - washer; 28 - bolt; 29 - shaft; 30 - cardan fork

Steering column connected to the steering gear by cardan shafts through the intermediate support 8 (see Fig. 55).The design of the intermediate support uses closed-type bearings that do not require lubrication.

Steering gear with power steering valve consists of a worm 3 (Fig. 57) and a worm sector 5 with spiral teeth. The steering bipod 25 is connected to the sector shaft by a tapered spline connection. The sector rests against the side cover 18 of the crankcase through the adjusting washers 19. When the steering wheel is turned due to the reactive forces arising in the worm-sector pair, there is an axial movement of the worm and the steering shaft with the spool. The required axial movement of the steering shaft is provided by the design of bearing 2.
The deflection of the sector is limited by the pin 17 installed in the crankcase cover.

Adjust the value of the axial clearance by selecting adjusting washers 19 of a certain thickness, while maintaining the 0.8 mm thickness of the factory-installed sealing gasket 21 under the side crankcase cover. Check the correctness of the axial clearance adjustment on the assembled steering gear by the value of the axial movement of the sector shaft measured by the indicator.

Rice. 57. Steering gear (worm-side sector) of the Ural 4320 car: 1 - steering gear housing; 2 - radial roller bearing; 3 - worm; 4, 34 - plugs for filling and drain holes; 5 - steering sector; 6 - steering shaft; 7, 24, 26 - cuffs; 8 - thrust bearing; 9 - spring washer; 10 - sealing ring; 11 - plunger; 12 - spring; 13 - spool nut; 14 - sealing ring; 15, 16 - retaining rings; 17, 20 - pins; 18 - side crankcase cover; 19 - adjusting washers; 21 - gasket; 22 - spacer sleeve; 23 - needle bearing; 25 - steering bipod; 27 - valve body cover; 28 - movable plunger ring; 29 - bolt; 30 - spool body; 31 - spool; 32 - sealing ring; 33 - persistent washer; 35 - cover; 36 - worm nut

Steering operation

Amplifying mechanism

The reinforcement mechanism softens the shocks transmitted to the steering wheel when driving on uneven roads, increases traffic safety, allows you to maintain the original direction of travel when the front tire is punctured, and reduces the effort required when turning the front wheels.
The reinforcement mechanism is pivotally connected to the frame and to the right arm of the front axle steering knuckle. The length of the rod is adjusted within the limits that provide the specified angles of rotation of the front wheels. To change the length of the stem, loosen the bolt 14 (Fig. 60) of the tip clamp, remove the protective sleeve 12 from the tip and turn the stem in one direction or the other with a wrench. If there is a leakage along the stem, tighten the seal with nut 11.

Booster pump
The booster pump (fig. 61) is of the vane type, double action.
When the pump shaft rotates, the blades are pressed against the curved surface of the stator under the action of centrifugal force and oil pressure under it. In the suction cavities, oil enters the space between the blades, and then, when the rotor turns, is forced out of the discharge cavity.

The end surfaces of the housing and the distributor disc are ground. No nicks or burrs on them, as well as on the rotor, stator and blades. There are two valves in the pump cover. The bypass valve limits the amount of oil supplied by the pump to the power cylinder. A safety valve, located inside the bypass, limits the oil pressure in the system, opening at a pressure of 7500-8500 kPa (75-85 kgf / cm²).
Control the tension of the power steering pump belt with a force of 4 kgf in the middle of the branch. In this case, the permissible deflection should be 7-13 mm. Adjust the belt tension with a square shank bolt. Check and adjust the belt tension during TO-1.

Steering oil tank

The tank is installed separately from the pump.The tank has a filler filter 3 (Fig. 62). The oil, returning to the tank, passes through the filter 2. In case of clogging of the filter elements, the valve 8 opens. The oil level in the tank is measured by the indicator with the plug 4 not closed.
The oil level should be within the flat area on the gauge. To flush the tank filter, unscrew the filter mounting bolts, remove and disassemble the filter. Rinse the filter elements with diesel fuel, assemble and install the filter.

Steering rods

Length-adjustable steering bipod and steering linkage rods. Hinges of steering rods and amplifying mechanism with annular inserts 9 and 10 (Fig. 63). During operation, the hinges are not adjustable. In new hinges, total play is allowed in the direction perpendicular to the axis

Steering maintenance

Changing the oil in the hydraulic steering system:
1. Warm up the engine, the oil in the steering hydraulic system must have a temperature of at least 20 ° C.
2. Jack up the front axle.
3. Turn the wheels to the right until they stop.
4. Disconnect the booster hoses: front - from the high pressure pipe, rear - from the steering gear fitting.
5. Remove the cover 7 (see Fig. 62) of the oil tank, filter 2 and wash the filter.
6. Drain the oil from the power steering mechanism by turning the steered wheels to the left until they stop.
7. Connect the booster hoses to the booster tube and fitting.
8. Remove any residual oil from the pump reservoir and reinstall the strainer and reservoir cap.
9. Flush the hydraulic system, for which:

• pour 1.5 liters of clean oil into the tank;
• start the engine and add oil to the upper mark of the measuring bar, then, in idle mode, turn the steered wheels in both directions until they stop (two or three times) and set the wheels to the extreme right position, then do the work in p. 4, 6, 7.

10. Fill the hydraulic system with oil, for which:

• pour 1.5 liters of clean oil into the tank;
• start the engine and add oil to the upper mark, then, in idle mode, remove air from the hydraulic system by rotating the steering wheel all the way to both sides (until air bubbles in the reservoir stop evolving);
• stop the engine;
• check the oil level in the reservoir and top up if necessary;
• Reinstall the reservoir filler cap.

Checking the steering wheel free play
Check the angular free play of the steering wheel with the engine idling by shaking the steering wheel to one side or the other until the steering wheels start turning. The angular free play of the steering wheel of the car when the engine is idling should not exceed 25 ° (for a new car 12 °).
At the moment of checking, the position of the steered wheels must correspond to the movement of the car in a straight line. Check the angular free play of the steering wheel with a curb vehicle: parked on a horizontal platform with a hard, dry surface (asphalt, concrete). The steering hydraulic system must be filled with air bled from the working fluid.

Front wheel toe adjustment
Check the toe-in of the front wheels at the nominal air pressure in the tires by measuring the difference between the distances B1 and B (Fig. 64) along the sides of the rims of the wheels.
Checking procedure:

• park the car on a flat, horizontal surface with a hard surface so that the front wheels correspond to the movement in a straight line;
• use a sliding ruler to measure the distance B1 between the flanges of the rims of the wheels at the rear at the level of the centers of the wheels, and mark the measurement points. Roll the car so that the marked points are in front, and measure the distance B. The distance in front should be 1-5 mm less than at the back. If the difference between the distances B1 and B is outside the above limits, then adjust the toe-in by changing the length of the tie rod, loosening the bolts of the tie rod ends. After adjusting toe-in, tighten the tie rod end bolts. The angles of rotation are limited by constant non-adjustable stops, their value is indicated in Fig. 64.

Ural-4320: the operation and repair manual contains various recommendations for the driver. The instructions contain a list of major malfunctions, ways to eliminate them and the frequency of maintenance.

Maintenance is of the following types:

• daily;
• in the initial period of use;
• primary;
• secondary;
• seasonal.

The driver must carry out daily maintenance before leaving the vehicle on the road and upon returning to the garage.

In the initial period of operation, maintenance is carried out after 1000 km of run, seasonal - 2 times a year (in spring and autumn). TO1 is carried out every 4000 km of run, and TO2 - after 16000 km of run.

Such work includes checking the oil level, inspecting the main components and devices, as well as adjusting the coupling mechanism and clearances.

Before starting the power unit, it is recommended to check the charge level of the batteries, the presence of a sufficient amount of fuel fluid in the tank. If the ambient temperature is below -10 ° C, it is necessary to start the engine heating system. The working fluid should warm up to + 40 ° С.

In order to start the Ural engine, you must:

1. Press the enter button, which is located on the back of the speedometer housing.
2. Hold the button for 4 seconds until the characteristic sounds appear.
3. Turn the ignition key.

Major malfunctions and repairs of the Ural-4320:

1. The heating device does not start. The cause of the breakdown may be associated with a violation of the temperature regime in the fan housing. It is necessary to warm up the housing and the fluid pump. In some cases, it may be necessary to disassemble the engine system.
2. Defective steering is the result of worn steering rods, loose fasteners, and the presence of air in the system. In this case, replace all worn parts, eliminate leaks and tighten the fasteners.
3. If extraneous noise is heard during the operation of the transfer case, it is necessary to adjust the bearings, replace damaged elements, and clean the surface of the splines.

According to the repair manual, in order to disassemble a wheel in the Urals, you must:

1. Place the vehicle on a special platform and raise it with a jack.
2. Unscrew the fastening nuts and bolts.
3. Dismantle the wheel mechanism.
4. Lower the tube and squeeze through the areas where the rim contacts the tire.
5. Separate disc and tire using a steel angle.
6. Dismantle the tire by pressing it down a little.
7. Once the entire side is outside, slowly pull out the camera.

In order to dilute the pads, you need:

1. Install the vehicle on the handbrake.
2. Unbolt fasteners from front drive axle.
3. Fix the opposite wheel in a stationary position.
4. Raise the vehicle with a jack.
5. Dismantle the wheel.
6. Press down on the brake cylindrical element and spread the pads with a screwdriver, which must be inserted between the adjustable mechanisms.
7. Spray the device with a special lubricant mixture.
8. Remove the retaining bolt from the brake caliper.
9. Remove the brake pads.

In order to bleed the brakes, you must:

1. Check the hydraulic fluid level.
2. Unlock rear brake pressure regulator.
3. Remove accumulated dirt from the inlet valve.
4. Remove the protective cap.
5. Put a hose on the outlet valve and lower it into a container with brake fluid.
6. Open the air valve half a turn.
7. When the liquid stops flowing out, screw on the outlet valve.

Breakdowns and malfunctions of the Ural-4320 brake system:

• wear of friction linings;
• jammed brakes;
• frequent intervention of the pressure level regulator.

The procedure for bleeding the power steering:

1. Check the fuel fluid level in the tank, top up if necessary to the maximum mark.
2. Raise the front of the vehicle with a jack.
3. Secure the vehicle in this position.
4. Turn off the engine and check the steering wheel for proper operation by making 3 turns in each direction.
5. Add liquid again.
6. Start the engine and turn the steering wheel until it stops.
7. Stop the engine.
8. Lower the front of the Urals.
9. Start the power unit and check the steering wheel at 1000 rpm.
10. Install the steering gear in the center and check the working fluid level in the power steering system.
11. Switch off the engine and take measurements.

In order to remove the engine from the Ural-4320, you need:

1. Drain the coolant from the system.
2. Dismantle the air filter element.
3. Unscrew the fastening bolts.
4. Remove the crankcase protection of the power unit.
5. Remove the take-up tube.
6. Drain oil from crankcase.
7. Disconnect the throttle valve from the body.
8. Dismantle the block.
9. Loosen the clamps and disconnect the supply hose.
10. Disconnect the warning light sensor wire.
11. Dismantle the discharge hose.
12. Disconnect harness and nozzles.
13. Dismantle the motor.

1. Place the vehicle on a special lift.
2. Remove the battery.
3. Remove the air filter, engine mud flaps.
4. Remove the front suspension cross member.
5. Remove the front drive wheel drives.
6. Drain transmission fluid.
7. Disconnect speed sensors.
8. Remove the motor harness holder.
9. Loosen the fastening screws.
10. Remove the starter from the hitch housing.
11. Install a support under the gearbox.
12. Detach transmission from bracket.

The coupling mechanism is adjustable both on the dismantled device and as part of the vehicle.

Clutch adjustment is carried out as follows:

1. We install transport on a special platform.
2. We unlock the adjusting screws.
3. Using a vernier caliper, measure the gap from the end of the handles to the flywheel housing.
4. Using the adjusting screws, set the same distance.
5. We carry out the gearbox adjustment.
6. Counter screws back.
7. We install the coupling mechanism.
8. We start the engine and check the clutch performance.

The procedure for connecting the lock connections should be carried out only with the batteries disconnected.

It is necessary to set the key in the ignition system lock to the zero position so that its head is in the horizontal position. Then unscrew 5 screws and disconnect the steering shaft from the plastic cover.

Using a small screwdriver, pull the lock towards you, find the faulty wires among the wires and replace them. Then reinstall all parts and start the engine.

The steering mechanism of this car with one working pair: a cylindrical worm and a side toothed sector with spiral teeth, gear ratio 21.5.

The steering column, complete with steering wheel and steering shaft, is attached to the front cab shield. The steering gear is attached to the left frame side member. Movement from the steering shaft mounted in the steering column is transmitted to the steering shaft at a certain angle through a propeller shaft with two joints on needle bearings. The spline joint of the shaft, as well as the bearings of the universal joints, are lubricated during assembly.

Rice. 140. Steering gear of the URAL-4320 car: 1-crankcase; 2-roller bearing; 3-chsrvyak; 4.36 plugs; 5-toothed sector; 6 - shaft; 7.26 - oil seals; 8-thrust bearing; 9,12-rings; 10-reactive plunger; 11-centering spring; 13-lock washer; 14-nut: 15.16-lock rings; 17-stop pin: 18-cover; 19-adjusting washer, 20-hairpin; 21-gasket; 22-sleeve; 23 - needle bearings; 24-seal; 25 - bipod; 27 - cover; 28 - bearing ring, 29 - distributor housing; 30-spool; 31-bypass valve; 32-spring; 33-screw; 34.35 - bushings; 37- cover; 38 - nut

The steering gear (Fig. 140) consists of a crankcase 1 with a side cover 18, a worm 38 of a shaft 6, a gear sector 5.

The crankcase has a plug 4 for filling and monitoring the oil level and a plug 36 for draining the oil; a power steering distributor is mounted on top of the crankcase.

The double-threaded cylindrical worm is mounted on the splines of the shaft 6. This shaft is hollow for almost its entire length, rests on the cylindrical roller bearing 2 and the distributor cover 27.The shaft exit from the cover is sealed with an oil seal 26 and an O-ring held by a lock ring 15. The oil seal 7 prevents oil from entering the steering gear housing to the distributor housing.

The toothed sector 5 is made integral with the shaft, which is installed in the crankcase on two needle bearings 23, between them there is a spacer sleeve 22. The sector shaft has a seal 24 held by a locking ring 16, between the end of the sector shaft and the side cover of the crankcase, an adjusting washer 19 is installed. To prevent excessive deformation of the worm and the sector, thrust pins 17 are installed in the crankcase and cover. The surface of the sector in which the teeth are cut has a slightly convex shape, as a result of which a variable gap is formed between the teeth of the worm and the sector. On the new steering gear, this clearance is 0.001. 0.05 mm at the middle position of the sector and 0.25. 0.60 mm at its extreme positions.

The steering gear has the same device as on the KamAZ-4310 car. The hinges of the longitudinal and transverse rods are interchangeable, do not require adjustments. Each hinge has a grease nipple.

Rice. 141. URAL-4320 hydraulic power steering circuit: 1 - steering, mechanism; 5.3,8,9,12 - high pressure oil lines; 4-power cylinder; 5-turn lever; 6.13-oil drain line; 7-tank; 10-crane for hydraulic lift control; 11 - handle: 14-cylinder hydraulic lift of the spare wheel: 15-pump: 16-distributor a-hydraulic lift is included; b-the hydraulic booster is on.

The power steering includes an oil pump 15 (Fig. 141) with a reservoir 7, a distributor 16, a power cylinder 4 and pipelines.

The oil pump is the same as on the KamAZ-4310 car.

Spool-type control valve with reactive plungers. It consists of a body 29 (see Fig. 140) with a cover 27, a spool 30, two movable 28 and two fixed 9 and 12 rings, twelve reactive plungers 10 with springs 11, a bypass valve 31. Moving rings are located between the thrust bearings and the spool , the stationary rings are sandwiched between the distributor housing and the steering housing on one side and the cover 27 on the other side. The spool has the ability to move in each direction by 2.08. 2.2 mm up to the stop of one of the movable rings in the housing. Distributor parts mounted on the steering shaft are clamped with nut 14.

The power cylinder 4 (see Figure 141) of the amplifier is pivotally attached to the right frame side member, and its rod is attached to the upper arm of the right steering knuckle. The hinges of the power cylinder are the same as those of the steering drive. The power cylinder housing houses a piston mounted on a rod. A tip with a hinge is fixed at the end of the rod. The stem outlet is sealed with a collar and protected by a rubber boot. The power cylinder cavities are connected by pipelines to the distributor.

The power steering system includes a spare wheel lift.

When moving straight, the spool is set in the middle position under the action of the reactive plunger springs. Oil from the pump enters the distributor housing and returns to the tank through the gaps between the housing and the spool through the drain pipe. In both chambers of the power cylinder, the same pressure is set and the amplifier does not act on the steering gear.

When the steering wheel is turned, the driver's effort is transmitted to the worm, which, with its teeth, turns the side sector and through the steering drive the front wheels. The lateral sector resists turning and acts on the worm with a reactive force, which displaces the worm, and therefore the shaft and spool in the axial direction until one of the movable rings in the distributor housing stops (when turning to the right, the worm shifts upward and the lower movable ring abuts against the housing, when turning to the left, the worm shifts down and the lower ring rests in the body). Now the oil from the pump enters one of the cavities of the power cylinder, acts on its piston, which, through the rod and the lever of the right steering knuckle, helps the driver to turn the wheels.

Steering adjustments. In the steering gear, the clearance in the engagement of the worm and the sector is adjusted by selecting the thickness of the adjusting washer 19 (see.fig. 140) between the end of the sector shaft and the side cover. The correctness of the adjustment is checked by the value of the axial movement of the sector shaft measured by the indicator. On the new steering gear, the axial movement of the sector in the extreme positions should be within 0.25. 0.60 mm, in the middle position - 0.01. 0.05 mm. For mechanisms that were in operation, the movement of the sector after adjustment in the middle position should be, as for a new mechanism, 0.01. 0.05 mm, and in the extreme positions it should always be more than in the middle position.

Toe-in of the front wheels (3. 8 mm) is adjusted by turning the tie rod relative to its ends when loosening the tie bolts.

The free play of the steering wheel with the engine running should be no more than 12 °.

The maximum steering angles are 31 ° 30 ′ for the inner and 26 ° for the outer steerable wheels.

1.48 liters of TSp-15k oil is filled into the steering gear crankcase, 4.8 liters of R brand oil into the power steering system.

The steering control of the Ural-4320 car consists of a steering column, a cardan transmission, a steering mechanism, a hydraulic booster and a steering drive to the steered wheels.

The power steering hydraulic system includes a control valve and a spare wheel hydraulic lift cylinder.

The location and fastening of the steering elements of the Ural-4320 car is shown in Fig. 6.9. The steering wheel is mounted on the steering column shaft, which is fastened with a bracket to the dashboard. The lower end of the shaft is connected through a cardan transmission to the steering shaft. The steering gear housing is mounted on the left frame side member. At the output end of the steering gear shaft, a steering arm is installed, which is pivotally connected to the longitudinal steering rod.

The cardan transmission consists of a hollow shaft and two cardan joints with needle bearings. The universal joint yoke, connected to the splined bushing, is mounted on the steering shaft. Grease is applied to the inside of the slotted bushing before installation. Shaft splines and bushings are coated with a thin layer of grease during assembly. The bearings of cardan joints are lubricated during assembly. The joint between the shaft and the sleeve is sealed with a seal installed in the nut.

Rice. 6.9. Steering control of the Ural-4320 car:
1 - steering wheel; 2 - steering column; 3 - fastening the steering column; 4 - cardan transmission; b - steering gear shaft; 6 - steering gear housing; 7 - steering bipod; 8 - longitudinal steering rod; 9 - the left side member of the frame

The steering gear consists of a crankcase (Fig. 6.10), a steering gear shaft with a worm and a sector with lateral spiral teeth, made together with the bipod shaft. The steering gear is assembled together with the control valve (control valve) and is bolted to the left side member of the vehicle frame.

The two-way worm is mounted on the splines of the shaft and rotates on a radial cylindrical roller bearing. The inner race of the bearing is pressed against the end of the worm through the nut sleeve. The design of the bearing, the presence of a distance between the worm and the bearing provide the possibility of axial movement of the shaft with thrust bearings and a spool. Spool displacement is necessary when the hydraulic booster is working.

The lateral toothed sector is installed in the crankcase on elongated needle bearings that absorb increased loads. The engagement of the worm with the sector provides a minimum clearance value in the middle, more frequently used and more worn area in operation. When the sector is rotated to both sides of the middle position, the engagement gap gradually increases. Adjustment of the engagement of the worm with the sector is ensured by changing the thickness of the washer. In order not to disturb the initial running-in when assembling and adjusting the steering gear, the marks on the worm and the sector at the second tooth should be aligned.

Rice. 6.10. The steering gear of the Ural-4320 car:
1 - crankcase; 2 - roller bearing

Rice. 6.11. Diagram of the hydraulic steering system of the Ural-4320 car:
1 - steering gear; 2, 3, 8, 9 - high pressure oil lines; 4 - amplifier cylinder; 5 - pivot arm; 6 - oil drain line; 7 - tank; 10 - crane for controlling the forklift cylinder; 11 - handle; 12 - high pressure oil line; 13 - low pressure oil line; 14 - spare wheel hydraulic lift cylinder; 15 - pump; 16 - switchgear; a - the hydraulic lift is on; b - hydraulic booster is on

The displacement of the worm away from the side sector is limited by a thrust pin installed in the crankcase.

On the tapered splines of the sector shaft, a nut is attached to the steering gear bipod. The shaft output is sealed with a locking ring seal.

The steering shaft is sealed with oil seals. On the spline end of the shaft, a cardan drive sleeve is installed. The spline connection ensures the axial displacement of the shaft with the spool during operation of the amplifier.

The crankcase has a filling and drain holes closed with plugs.

The hydraulic booster consists of a cylinder (Fig. 6.11), a distribution device (control valve), a pump with a reservoir, pipelines and hoses. The power system also includes a control valve with a handle and a spare wheel hydraulic lift cylinder.

The switchgear consists of a body with a cover, a spool, reactive plungers with centering springs and fastening parts. A spool is placed in the central hole of the body, and reactive plungers with springs are installed in the peripheral holes. A ball bypass valve is installed in the body, which ensures the flow of oil from the cylinder chambers when driving a car with an inoperative amplifier.

Rice. 6.12. Hydraulic booster cylinder:
1 - tip; 2.6 - sealing rings; 3, And - nuts; 4 - cylinder; 1 - piston; 7 - support ring; 8 — cuff; 9 - a pressure ring; 10, 13 - clamps; 12 - cover; 14 - bolt; 15 - rod tip

Thrust ball bearings are installed on the steering gear shaft, between the inner races of which a spool with movable rings is fixed with a nut. The sliding rings are in contact with the end surfaces of the plungers protruding from the switchgear housing under the influence of a spring.

Thus, the shaft with the worm and the spool can move in the direction of the longitudinal axis, displacing the plungers and compressing the springs until the movable rings touch the end surfaces of the housing.

The switchgear housing is closed with a cover with a sealing device. When installing the cover, the shaft displacement in the direction of the longitudinal axis is guaranteed within the range of 2.08 ... 2.2 mm.

The hydraulic booster cylinder is located at the right front wheel and is hinged to the front spring bracket. The piston of the cylinder is connected by a rod with a hinge to the swivel arm of the right front wheel. Placing the cylinder against the wheel improves the shock resistance of the steering.

A tip with a hinge is screwed onto the cylinder and fixed with a nut. Piston 5 is attached to the rod with a nut. The stem is sealed by a combined seal consisting of O-rings, backup rings and pressure rings. In operation, the seal is tightened with a nut when leaks appear.

The stem is closed with a corrugated cover, secured with clamps. Changing the length of the rod when adjusting the steering drive is provided by turning the tip, the bolt locks the tip.

The pump of the hydraulic booster is basically similar in design to the pump of the KamA.3-5320 car. In connection with the inclusion of a spare wheel in the hydraulic lift system, an additional drain pipe is installed in the pump reservoir.

Rice. 6.13. Hydraulic lift control valve:
1 - returnable spring; 2 - retainer; 3 - gasket; 4 - case; 5 - bypass valve; 6 - ball; 7 - spring; 8 - guide spring; 9 - valve seat; 10 - adjusting washers; 11 - valve plug; 12 - a sealing ring; 13 - cover! 14 - lever

The spare wheel hydraulic lift provides lifting and smooth lowering of the spare wheel.

The hydraulic lift consists of a control valve with a handle and a cylinder. The control valve is mounted on the right frame side member and consists of a body with a cover, a valve plug with a lever and a return spring. A ball safety valve is installed in the body, adjusted to a pressure of 5000 ... 6000 kPa (50 ... 60 kgf / cm2). The return spring holds and returns the valve plug 11 when the handle is released to the position of the power-assisted steering.

The crane handle is mounted on the outside of the cab floor. The hydraulic lift cylinder is attached to the right frame side member with a bracket and a pin. The piston rod is connected to the spare wheel holder.

The steering drive consists of a bipod, a longitudinal steering rod, a transverse rod (steering linkage), steering linkage levers and a booster cylinder lever.

The bipod is installed on the tapered splines of the side sector shaft and secured with a nut. The nut is locked with a cotter pin.

A pin with a spherical head, liners, clips, springs are installed in the rod ends.

The spring ensures constant contact of the pin with the liners, compensates for their wear during operation and is pressed by a cover that is retained by a ring. The inner cavity of the hinge is sealed with linings, an O-ring and a protective sleeve.

The hinges of the longitudinal and transverse rods and the hydraulic power steering cylinder are interchangeable and adjustable. they do not require adjustment in operation. The hinges are lubricated through the nipples.

Rice. 6.14. Spare wheel lift cylinder:
1 - the tip of the cylinder; 2.6 - fittings; 3 - nut; 4 - cylinder; 5 - piston; 7 - sealing ring; 8 - rod tip; 9 - dust protection ring; 10 - ring; And, 12 - o-rings

Rice. 6.15. Steering joint:
1 - palsd; 2 - tip; 3 - oiler; 4 - spring; 5 - cover; b — retaining ring; 7 - sealing ring; 8 - spring holder; 9, 10 - inserts; 11 - pad; 12 - protective clutch; 13 - washer

The operation of the steering control of the Ural-4320 car is in many respects similar to the operation of the steering control of the KamAZ-5320 car, described earlier, and therefore, in the future, only its features associated with the design differences of the steering control of the Ural-4320 car are considered.

When the engine is running, the pump fills the cylinder cavities. Excess oil circulates along the circuit: pump - tap - distributor - tank. Part of the oil flow is circulated in the pump when the bypass valve is open.

In the process of turning the steering wheel, the forces are transmitted to the steering shaft through the cardan transmission and its splined sleeve. When turning the shaft, the worm first slides along the teeth of the stationary sector associated with the steered wheels and the piston of the cylinder. Therefore, the worm, the shaft with the spool attached to it by the nut will be displaced in the longitudinal direction in the bearing and the splined sleeve of the cardan drive. With the displacement of the spool relative to the body, the plungers are displaced, the springs are compressed, and the cross-sections of the discharge and discharge slots in the switchgear change.

The difference in oil pressure in the cylinder cavities creates a force that can overcome the resistance to turning the wheels; the piston of the cylinder will begin to move, providing rotation of the wheels and through the drive of the steering sector. Continuous displacement of the spool as the steering wheel rotates maintains oil pressure in the cylinder cavity, allowing the piston to move and turn the wheels. Oil pressure on the ends of the jet plungers, together with the springs, creates a sense of resistance to turning the wheels on the steering wheel.

When the steering wheel stops, the steered wheels will stop after the piston through the steering drive, turning the sector together with the efforts of the plungers and springs, displaces the shaft with the worm and the spool to its middle position, i.e., reduces the oil pressure in the working cavity. In this case, the piston, steered wheels and the sector will stop.

If the steering wheel is stopped in an intermediate position, then some oil pressure will remain in the working cavity, which prevents the action of the stabilizing moments of the wheels.

Releasing the steering wheel after turning will cause the reaction plungers and compressed springs to move the shaft with the worm and spool to the middle position and hold them. The oil pressure in the working cavity will decrease, the steered wheels and the piston will automatically return to the middle position under the influence of stabilizing moments (from the lateral and longitudinal inclination of the pivots and the elasticity of the tires). As the piston moves, fluid will be forced out of the cylinder into the return line.

In the event of a failure of the amplifier, for example when the engine is stopped, it remains possible to drive the car only with the efforts of the driver. In this case, after the rings stop in the distributor housing, the shaft 6 will rotate relative to the stationary spool in the bearings. The bypass valve 31 ensures the flow of liquid through the cavities of the cylinder, that is, it reduces the resistance of the amplifier cylinder when turning the wheels.

To lower the spare wheel, it is enough to disengage the holder latch, and it will lower by its own weight, forcing oil into the tank through the pipeline, regardless of whether the hydraulic booster is working or not.

Before lifting the wheel, start the engine, turn towards you and hold the crane handle (non-fixed position). When the valve plug is turned, the pump is connected to the working cavity of the cylinder, which will ensure the lifting of the wheel. After the release latch in the upper position of the wheel, release the handle. The spring will return the valve plug to its original position, that is, it will turn off the working cavity and connect the pump to the hydraulic booster.

If this does not happen, the valve valve at an oil pressure of 5000 ... 6000 kPa (50 ... 60 kgf / cm2) will open and protect the pump from overload. In this case, set the valve plug to its original position by acting on the lever and eliminate the cause of the delay. It is unacceptable to operate the car even with a partially untwisted plug.