Do-it-yourself Zanussi refrigerator repair

In detail: do-it-yourself Zanussi refrigerator repair from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

Since this article has been prepared for people who understand little about the repair of two-compartment refrigerators Zanussi, I will tell everything in a normal person in understandable language, so let the masters excuse me. First of all, let's talk about how to determine → whether Freon has leaked or not. If you are not a master, then it does not matter, the leak is quite simple to determine, for this you need to open the refrigerator, I draw your attention not to the freezer, but to the refrigerator and see the ice freezing on the back wall of the refrigerator compartment. When the compressor is running, there should be a slight coating of frost on the back wall, if you see a block of ice, then this already indicates that your unit is not working properly. Now let's look at the condenser, below you can see a photo of it, it is made in the form of a metal grill and stands on the back of the refrigerator. Your task is to try its temperature, if it is all cold or two rolls are hot, and the rest are cold, this also indicates a refrigerant leak. There are also signs that we will talk about further. I have chosen several popular questions that sound on my Youtube channel, with their help, I will try to tell you about all the nuances of repairing a Zanussi refrigerator

I have a Zanussi refrigerator, it is only a few years old, more precisely 3.5 years old, I bought it in installments, which I only recently paid. The problem started with him, about 2 weeks ago, he stopped disconnecting. As luck would have it, the warranty period ended, so I had to call a local master. The master changed the thermostat, as a result, the refrigerator worked for 2 weeks, seemingly in normal mode, that is, it turned off and on, but now it has stopped turning off again, you can hear the motor running all day. I called the master, he told me that it was necessary to fill it with freon, the thermostat would no longer regulate it, because there was no sense in it. I am a kettle in this business, if you can explain please why refuel the refrigerator if it works fine. The freezer blunts like crazy, the food there is like a stone and in the refrigerator compartment, too, nothing is lost

Video (click to play).

In this question, the phrase “the thermostat will no longer regulate it” sounded, that is, the master, having changed the thermostat, adjusted it so that the refrigerator would turn off. It really happens that the refrigerator loses its efficiency, this happens for various reasons

Capillary clogged
The compressor has lost its efficiency
The sealing gum does not fit snugly
The refrigerator is in a hot place

In general, you cannot blame the specialist for something, he acted according to the circumstances, but since it did not help, and the breakdown came back out, after a short time, I think, in this case, the master recommended everything correctly. In order to verify my and his suspicions, you can do the following

Unplug the refrigerator and defrost it completely
Turn it on for 2 hours, but before that, put a street thermometer in the refrigerator. Do not open the doors during this time

After 2 hours of compressor operation, open the refrigerator and check the temperature. The temperature on the thermometer should not be higher than + 6 / + 7 o C. If there is no such temperature, it is necessary to prepare for an expensive repair. I just told you about the easiest way to find out if there is a leak in the refrigerator or not.

Help the refrigerator Zanussi model I do not know the tag is worn out. Previously, water ran down the back wall, in the refrigerator compartment, and when the refrigerator was working, there was frost.Now everything has disappeared, I threw the thermometer into this department, and there it was +20. The refrigerator has not turned off for three days, it freezes in the freezer normally

Apparently there was a leak of freon or a clogged capillary tube, in any case it is necessary to fill the refrigerator with refrigerant. If the leak has occurred in the foamed part, then you will have to insert an additional crying evaporator. I insert it outside, so the unit takes much longer. The fact is that from the factory, a crying vaporizer stands behind plastic and is filled with pentane, as a result, there is no oxygen access to it and it rots. You can see how it will look in the photo below.

I would like to make additions regarding the leakage of freon. In order to fully make sure whether the refrigerant has left the system or not, you need to pay attention to the following nuances. Defrost the refrigerator completely, then slide your fingers along the back wall in the refrigerator compartment, if you feel that the plastic does not fit snugly against the evaporator behind it, then you need to install a crying evaporator 100%. Usually a flapper, in this place, appears as a result of the release of freon from the system, since it has nowhere to go, it goes under the plastic. Pay attention to the intermediate bar, between the refrigerator and freezer, if it has rotted, then it is quite possible that the freon is leaking exactly in this place, then you can get by with a simple refueling, but you will have to cut off the defrost circuit. In principle, I have listed the most basic signs by which you can determine the leakage of freon from the system. I draw your attention to the fact that there is a scanty amount of refrigerant in the refrigerator, so you cannot smell or hear how it comes out.

As you guessed it, we will talk about a thermostat, it is also called a thermostat, and we will also talk about an engine start relay. In general, we will analyze some issues related to automation in a two-compartment refrigerator

I have a Zanussi two-compartment refrigerator with a freezer underneath and water running down the fridge on the back. The refrigerator worked yesterday, but today we woke up, and everything in it melted. Manipulation with switching on and off from the outlet did not lead to anything, the refrigerator did not turn on. The foremen have to wait a long time, at the service center we were told that they should arrive within 2 weeks. One more thing, in the refrigerator compartment the light is on, but the engine still does not start

In such cases, the thermostat is checked first. In Zanusi refrigerators, there is a nuance of checking it, the fact is that there is a thermostat from the Denfos company and it is shoved, as it were, into the case, which makes it very difficult to check. Your task is to pull the thermostat out of the housing in which it stands and short-circuit the wires that fit it, but not all. Pay attention to the yellow wire with a green stripe, or vice versa, it can be green with a yellow stripe, this wire must be removed aside, God forbid, it should be closed together with other wires, this is a grounding wire. In general, we make a jumper between all the wires, except for the yellow one with a green stripe, if the refrigerator works, then the thermostat needs to be replaced

I draw your attention, before pulling the thermostat out of the case, be sure to write down the contacts, where it stands, or better take a picture. Be very careful, all wires are live, be sure to unplug the refrigerator from the outlet. The operating mode of a two-compartment refrigerator, at a temperature of +20 о С, should be as follows → stand for 40-60 minutes and work for 20-30 minutes

Now let's look at another problem related to the fact that the refrigerator does not turn on, I am now talking about the engine and the compressor start relay

To check these details with your own hands, you need to do the same thing that I wrote above, that is, bridge the thermostat contacts and listen to how the motor will start.If the engine does not start, you need to remove the relay and take it to the nearest workshop so that the master can test it on a working compressor, this is the easiest and most effective way. After you find out whether the relay is working or not, you can draw a conclusion about the engine. I, as a master, looking at the relay, can immediately determine what is out of order. The fact is that the relyushka has protection against a short circuit in the motor windings, if it burns out, then the motor is kirdyk, almost every master knows about this.
Of course, in one article it is impossible to tell about all the breakdowns in the refrigerators of this brand, but I tried to tell you about the main and most popular questions. As the site develops, I will add articles on how to repair Zanussi refrigerators. Follow the development

In 2016, the Italian brand Zanussi will celebrate one hundred years since the founding of the company, which has been working for almost a century to create household appliances for a comfortable and modern interior. In the 80s of the last century, the company became part of the Electrolux AB Stockholm concern and received new investments in the development of new devices that allow keeping pace with the times. A wide range of model range allows you to choose any type of refrigerator with drip cooling, with manual and automatic defrosting, with No Frost technology in both chambers, or working exclusively in the freezer. For owners of cramped apartments, the company's engineers have developed refrigerators of increased compactness, the width of which is only 54 cm. In some models, the Biofresh chamber is used, which has become the company's trademark and serves to preserve the freshness of products. With a wide selection, balanced price and reliability, refrigerators Zanussi are highly popular among domestic consumers.

Increased noise is always a sign of either incorrect installation of the refrigerator (the compressor itself after replacement) or indicates partial wear of the fan installed in models with No Frost technology.

Mechanical faults also have a wide range of symptoms. When the sealing rubber on the door wears out, warm air penetrates into the chamber, contributing to the appearance of ice and frost. If the rubber has not yet completely lost its elasticity, lubricating the surface with oil will help to partially restore these properties. Puddles under the refrigerator indicate clogged pipes leading to the sump, from where the water should naturally evaporate without creating discomfort when using the appliance. In addition, the repair of Zanussi refrigerators with your own hands on the mechanical part can be caused by visible damage. To eliminate the flaws received during transportation or careless operation, you need to find and order original body parts and take care of their installation.

When eliminating any malfunction, first of all, you need to take care of the quality of the repair, both in the field of accuracy and technology of assembly and disassembly work, and in the selection of spare parts. All components must be carefully selected according to the labeling, being of original origin. Only in this case, when the manufacturer himself gives a guarantee for the circuit component, repairs can extend the life of the refrigerator and fully restore its functionality.

Ultimately, the reasons for the failure of the electrical appliance are also analyzed, if possible, eliminating the possibility of a recurrence of the malfunction.

It is necessary to determine the reasons for the breakdown of the refrigerator. How to diagnose yourself. You will find all this on our website. Error codes and how to fix the breakdown.

New models of refrigerators of various brands appear on the market of household appliances every year. Modern design, applied engineering and technical solutions allow refrigerators to work for a long period without breakdowns.However, as everyone knows, there is no eternal technique. Sooner or later, but consumers have to deal with the renovation of their food keeper.

The first thing that comes to mind to domestic consumers is try to repair refrigerators with your own hands. This makes a certain sense, since indeed some problems can be easily eliminated by yourself with minimal financial costs. To carry out minor repairs, knowledge of the general design of the refrigerator, small skills in working with a measuring tester and knowledge of an electrician are enough. Replacing the seal yourself.

If your refrigerator is not working, it should be checked whether the supply is supplied to it. voltage... To do this, simply open the refrigerator compartment door. If a light appears in the refrigerator and there is a light indication on the information boards, then the voltage is supplied to the refrigerator.

Next, you should check the work thermostat. To do this, set the level to maximum cold using the temperature regulator. If at the same time the operation of the refrigerator does not resume, then the malfunction should be looked for both in the thermostat itself and in the compressor engine or in the circuit for starting and protecting it. As a rule, repairing a relay thermostat, or rather replacing it, is quite simple to perform. It is enough to buy a new one and install it instead of the faulty one.

Work thermostat made on the basis of an electronic sensor, you are unlikely to be able to perform on your own. The relay-based compressor starting system is also easy to check with a conventional tester. If necessary, replacing a faulty one takes no more than ten minutes if a new one is available. It is not difficult to restore the operation of the refrigerator when breakage of visible electrical conductors or oxidation of various contacts on the relay... Malfunctions in this case are eliminated by ordinary stripping and joining. Bad smells in the refrigerator can be eliminated by thoroughly cleaning the refrigerator compartments and clearing the clogged drain pipes so that condensation can drain freely. How to defrost the refrigerator correctly.

Modern refrigerators are complex devices built on the basis of microprocessor-controlled electronic blocks that process information from various sensors and sensors, and also control the operation of all systems. In case of failure of electronic control units do it yourself refrigerator repair you can not. Naturally, you will not be able to eliminate compressor malfunctions, violations of the tightness of the refrigerant pipes. Entrust the performance of all specified work to better qualified specialists. Only they can restore the normal operation of all systems. This is especially true for refrigerators with the Nofrost system with complex systems of sensors, heaters and cold air circulation. Do not repair the refrigerator yourself. Trust it only to professionals, who will perform all operations efficiently and will certainly provide you with a guarantee.

Malfunctions of Zanussi refrigerators are completely different. Electronics breaks down, mechanical breakdowns occur. But problems do not arise too often - refrigerators are of high quality. Their reliability has been tested by many users and over the years. But still, sometimes malfunctions in the Zanussi refrigerator darken the pleasant impression of Italian technology. True, errors in operation usually occur many years after the purchase. In order to get an idea of the main breakdowns, here we describe the malfunctions of the Zanussi refrigerator and the methods for their elimination.

Problems arising during operation

Some of the refrigerator malfunctions described below do not pose a particular threat to the condition of the refrigerator, they can be eliminated on their own.However, we do not recommend taking any action if you suspect a serious problem.

Thermostat is faulty;
There are problems with the compressor;
Refrigerant has leaked.

Increased temperature in the refrigerator or it does not freeze at all

The thermal sensor is faulty, it needs to be replaced.
Due to power surges, the temperature settings in the electronic refrigerator are out of order. Check the set indicators, if necessary, correct them.
The defrost button was accidentally pressed. If the option is really enabled, do not turn it off right away - wait until the refrigerator has completely defrosted, wipe it dry and only then resume work.
Overloading the refrigerator with food. It is recommended that food at room temperature be loaded into the refrigerator in stages so as not to overload the compressor.
Lack of refrigerant. You need to contact the master - he will find a leak, repair the damage and pour the required amount of freon into the refrigerator.
Doors are loose. This could happen due to skewed doors or deformation of the seal.
Depreciation, depletion of the compressor resource. The unit must be replaced - it cannot be repaired.
One of the pipes of the cooling system is clogged, which prevents the normal circulation of freon.

The refrigerator does not turn on

The plug is not firmly inserted into the outlet or is damaged. You should also check the health of the outlet itself and the integrity of the power cord.
There is no mains voltage or it is too low to start the compressor. The lower limit of the norm is 200V. If possible, measure the voltage with a multimeter or voltmeter.
Breakdown of the relay, thermostat, automatic defrost button. All parts are subject to replacement.
There is a problem with the Control Unit. We need its diagnostics, reprogramming, stripping and soldering contacts, depending on what caused the failure - a power surge, moisture.

The refrigerator does not turn off

The refrigerator door is not closed tightly enough or there is a defect in the seal. Continuous work is provoked by heat inflows.
The Super Cool or Super Freeze option is activated. If the characteristics of the refrigerator do not provide for automatic shutdown of options, it is not recommended to leave them on for a long time.
High temperatures in the kitchen or heating appliances are too close. Create more favorable conditions for the refrigerator by following the instructions for use, taking into account the climatic class of the product.
Broken control electronics or faulty control module. Small electronics are immediately replaced, the board is repaired as described above.
Little freon. The cooling process provides the property of the refrigerant to remove and remove heat from the refrigerator to the environment. Need a refueling.
Compressor worn out. Since its performance is reduced, it becomes difficult to create the necessary pressure.

The refrigerator hums violently, cracks

The refrigerator is not installed correctly, as a result of which it vibrates, it touches the furniture standing next to it. The dishes inside the refrigerator are knocking.
Compressor problems. Increased hum and crackling sometimes occur immediately before the breakdown of the compressor unit.
Bolts not removed for transportation. On new refrigerators, the bolts are tightened tightly to secure the compressor so that it is not damaged during transport. Remove or loosen them before first use.
Crackle and rattle in refrigerators with Know Frost. See if the refrigerator is icy. It is possible that the fan blades are scraping on ice. It is advisable to defrost the refrigerator immediately, if the problem recurs after a short period of time, contact a specialist. There is a suspicion of failure of the heating element.

The refrigerator is freezing too much

The thermostat was accidentally set to maximum or the fast freeze option was enabled.
When refueling with the refrigerator, an excess amount of freon was poured into the circuit. In this case, the refrigerator will work for several minutes, then rest for a long time, but still freeze it.
Control board malfunctioning.

In addition to the listed malfunctions, other equally serious problems may arise during the operation of the refrigerator. It is necessary to carry out detailed diagnostics, establish the cause (there may be several of them at once) and carry out comprehensive repair work. Our specialists will cope with this task perfectly. After the repair, they will leave you a guarantee for all services rendered and spare parts that had to be replaced.

The refrigerator most often breaks down at the most inopportune moment. What was the reason, how serious the breakdown is, how it can be fixed - the summary table of refrigerator malfunctions will help to answer these questions.

Classic refrigerator (without No Frost system) works as follows:

Now that we are familiar with the refrigerator device, we propose the following sequence of actions:

Try to identify the problem. in the vast majority of cases, this is not difficult by following the instructions for troubleshooting.

If possible, repair it yourself. A person who is familiar with the device of the refrigerator and has a minimum set of tools is able to eliminate most of the malfunctions not related to depressurization of the system.

If self-repair is not possible, choose a company, determine the cost of repairs and call a master.

At the end of the repair, adhere to the recommendations for operating the refrigerator.

The sequence of actions to identify the failed part and recommendations for repair. For compressor refrigerators without No Frost system.

Check the voltage in the outlet, it should be in the range of 200-240 Volts, if this is not the case, the refrigerator is not obliged to work (although it may work for a while, especially the old models.)

All repair work must be carried out with the refrigerator unplugged and defrosted!

a) Check if the light inside the refrigerator is on, if it used to be on, but now it is not - there is a malfunction in the power cord or electrical plug (this is a fairly common malfunction and it is not necessary to call a refrigerator repair technician to fix it).

b) If the light comes on, the first thing to do is to check the thermostat:

- we find two wires suitable for the thermostat, remove them from the terminals and connect them together. If
the refrigerator will then work - we change the thermostat and the repair is completed.

c) If the thermostat is working properly. In the same way, we check the button for defrosting the refrigerator.

d) For further diagnostics, you will need an ohmmeter. We disconnect and call the starting and protective relay (they can be assembled in one case), if we find an open circuit, we replace the defective part.

e) The electric motor of the motor-compressor remains, it is difficult to replace it without the participation of a specialist, but since we got to it, it is worth finding out what exactly the malfunction is. There may be three defects in this unit:

- winding breakage;
- turn-to-turn closure of the winding;
- short circuit to the motor compressor case;

How to identify them is generally clear: all three contacts of the electric motor should ring among themselves and not ring with the case. If the resistance between any two contacts is less than 20 ohms, this may indicate an interturn closure.

f) If you carefully completed the previous points and did not find a malfunction, this most likely indicates oxidation of the contacts in one of the connections of the refrigerator electrical circuit. Carefully inspect and clean all the contact groups that you disassembled, restore the refrigerator circuit in the reverse order - the refrigerator should work.

1 - electric motor
motor-compressor
1.1 - working winding
1.2 - starting winding

3 - thermostat contacts

10 - defrost button

11 - protection relay
11.1 - bimetallic plate
11.2 - relay contacts

12 - starting relay
12.1 - relay coil
12.2 - relay contacts

a) Defect in the bimetallic plate 11.1 of the protective relay: determine the malfunction and replace the part.
b) Defective coil (or other current sensor) 12.1 starting relay: determine the malfunction and replace the part.
c) Breakage of the starting winding of the electric motor 1.2: we determine the malfunction and call the repairman of refrigerators to replace the motor-compressor.

a) Freon leakage: Determined as follows - if the compressor is running and the amount of freon is normal, the condenser should heat up, touch it with your hand (carefully, it can heat up to 70 degrees), if after prolonged engine operation it remains cold, then the system is depressurizing ... Disconnect the refrigerator from the network and call the wizard.
b) Violation of the thermostat regulation. The device can be temporarily replaced with a known good one, if the refrigerator works in normal mode - return the faulty thermostat for adjustment.
c) Decreased performance of the motor-compressor. This is a hard-to-diagnose malfunction, call the wizard

a) Violation of the thermostat regulation. The device can be temporarily replaced with a known good one, if the refrigerator works in normal mode - return the faulty thermostat for adjustment.
b) The rubber of the refrigerator door seal has lost its shape and elasticity. If the door does not close tightly, warm air will enter the refrigerator, the temperature regime will not be maintained and the motor-compressor will work with increased load. Inspect the seal carefully, if it is defective, replace it. (see also next point)
c) The door of the refrigerator led. The door geometry is adjusted by changing the tension of the two diagonal rods located under the door panel. For more information on how to adjust the door, see Removing gaps in refrigerator doors.
d) Decreased performance of the motor-compressor. This is a hard-to-diagnose malfunction, call the wizard

a) If the refrigerator turns off from time to time, but the temperature in it is too low - slightly turn the thermostat knob counterclockwise, if this does not help - see Violation of the thermostat adjustment
b) The fast freezing button is forgotten in the pressed position - turn it off.

Many malfunctions that subsequently lead to costly repairs to the refrigerator arise as a result of improper operation of the unit. Here are some simple tips:
a) If the refrigerator has been turned off for any reason, wait five minutes before turning it on again. This process can be automated, see the timer to delay the inclusion of the refrigerator

b) If the refrigerator has been defrosted, do not load it with food before it runs empty for one cycle and turns off.

c) Do not set the thermostat pointer further than the middle of the scale, this will not give a significant gain in temperature, and the engine will work in a hard mode.

d) On some refrigerators, a “crying evaporator” is located in the back of the refrigerator compartment (on the back wall). Do not lean food against it and do not forget to clean the water drain underneath.

e) When defrosting the refrigerator, it is unacceptable to pick off the ice using hard objects, defrost only with warm water.

f) On some refrigerators there is a “quick freeze” button (usually yellow), this button closes the thermostat contacts and the engine runs without shutting down. Do not forget this button is pressed.

g) Do not store vegetable oil in the refrigerator, oil is not required, and the rubber of the refrigerator door seal loses its elasticity.

h) Do not place the refrigerator near heating appliances.

The reason for the appearance of water in the refrigerating chamber is defrosting, as a result of improper operation or loss of tightness. Even a small puddle is a bad sign. The refrigerator has time to thaw and flow - look for leaks, as a rule, the sealing rubber does not fit tightly in the door. However, the reason may be trivial, the refrigerator doors were not closed tightly.

Not every consumer knows that the repair of any home appliances, including the refrigerator, can be done independently without contacting a service center. Even a novice master can deal with simple breakdowns. Today we will try to figure out how to replace the refrigerator thermostat with our own hands. And also let's talk about what kind of device it is and what are its characteristics and purpose?

First, let's figure out what it actually is. A thermostat is a device that monitors the t˚C in your refrigerator and gives signals to the compressor, causing it to turn on and off depending on the degree of cooling in the compartment. It works very simply. The thermostat is a relay. On one side of it there is a special hermetically sealed tube filled with freon. On the other hand, the contacts of the electrical circuit, with their help, the compressor is controlled.

See also - How to adjust the thermostat (thermostat) in the refrigerator

Everything works very simply. The end of the capillary tube is attached to the evaporator. Since it is filled with a refrigerant, for example freon, then with an increase in t˚C inside the refrigerating chamber, the pressure in it increases. This closes the corresponding relay contacts and turns on the compressor. After a while, t˚C in the refrigerator compartment decreases, the pressure in the bellows tube drops and the contacts open. The compressor turns off.

Another important component of the thermostat is the spring, which compresses and expands its contacts. It depends on her how and when they will work. For example, in order to open the contacts at a low pressure in the system (low t˚C), less effort is needed, for a large one - more. The tension of the spring is adjusted using the thermostat switch knob. This is how the temperature regime changes in the Atlant refrigerator and other models with mechanical control.

Some models of refrigerators are equipped with an electronic thermostat. It consists of a temperature sensor and a control module. In modern models, several sensors can be installed for each cooling zone. If your refrigerator has an electronic temperature control mode, it may require specialized knowledge to repair it.

See also - 5 models of refrigerators that we do not advise you to buy

Well, we have disassembled the device and characteristics of the device, we move on to the next question. In order to repair the thermostat with your own hands, you first need to find it.

This is not difficult to do. The thermostat is always associated with a knob or button for setting the temperature regime in the chamber. Depending on the refrigerator model, the thermostat can be installed:

inside the refrigerating chamber;
outside the refrigerator.

This arrangement is typical for earlier models of Atlant refrigerators and others. If you open the refrigerator, you can see a small plastic box placed on one of the panels. This is the thermostat. To get to it, you just need to remove the temperature selector knob and unscrew the protective case.

Modern refrigeration units are arranged a little differently. In them, the device we need is located outside the refrigerator chamber. It is usually located at the top of the refrigerator, above the door. But it may be in another place.
In any case, the principle is the same - the temperature controller is located in the same place as the switch knob. To get to it, you need to remove all protective parts.

See also - Why does a refrigerator need a voltage regulator

Do we really need a temperature controller? Maybe the cause of the breakdown is completely different? Most often, the signs of a breakdown of a thermostat are obvious: (See also: Why the refrigerator does not freeze - what to do?)

the refrigerator works without stopping and does not turn off on its own;
the unit begins to freeze strongly in the refrigerator compartment, where, in normal mode, there should be, albeit a low, but still positive temperature;
the refrigerator shuts down spontaneously and no longer makes any sounds.

Each of these faults can be caused by the temperature controller. In order not to spend money on calling a specialist, we will try to fix the breakdown with our own hands.

To be sure that the temperature regulator is the cause of the malfunction of the Atlant refrigerator or any other, you need to do the following:

disconnect the refrigerator from the power supply;
remove all food from it and defrost it well;
move the thermostat knob to the “Max” position or turn on the freeze, if any;
place a thermometer on the middle shelf of the refrigerator compartment (not in the freezer), it is best if it also has a negative measurement scale;
turn on the refrigeration unit (empty, no food);
wait 2 hours, then quickly remove the thermometer and evaluate its reading.
On the "thermometer" you should see at least 6-7˚С. If this is not the case, repairs are imminent. And if the thermostat in your refrigerator is electronic, then it is unlikely that it will be possible to carry out repairs with your own hands.

There may be only 3 reasons:

broken thermostat;
the motor start relay has burned out;
the engine of the refrigeration unit burned out.

The last two reasons are, of course, very serious. But we are now interested in the first one. To make sure that you need to replace the thermal relay, you need to check it:

disconnect the refrigerator from the network;
find the location of the thermostat and remove the protective covers;
inspect the device carefully.

Most often, the temperature controller has three to four colored wires. One of them is usually yellow with a longitudinal green stripe. This is grounding. We won't need it, so set it aside to avoid accidentally snagging it. All wires that fit the body of the thermal relay, short-circuit each other directly. If, after turning on the refrigerator, you hear a steady hum of the engine, it means that the temperature regulator is out of order and you will have to replace it with a new one.
By the way, the wires suitable for the thermostat have the following purpose:

orange, red or black - connects the thermostat to the motor;
brown - zero, the wire leading to the outlet;
white, yellow or green - leads to a light indicating that the refrigerator is on;
striped yellow-green - ground.

If you find such a nuisance, several factors may be the reason. So first you need to do all the steps described in the first paragraph. If the thermometer readings were + 6 ° C or less, quickly turn the thermostat adjustment knob until the refrigerator is turned off.
If the refrigerator turns off, everything is in order. Not? It will be replaced. In the event that the refrigerator is turned off, we leave it to work without food for at least 5-6 hours. After that, we begin to mark the time intervals between turning the compressor on and off. For a properly operating refrigeration unit, this period should be approximately 40 minutes. If you get it less, "add" some coldness, that is, turn the switch a little to the right, clockwise.
If everything went well, you can load the groceries. Not? The temperature controller will still have to be replaced.

Do-it-yourself thermostat repair does not take much time. For example, let's take a refrigerator of the Atlant trademark:

remove the cover of the upper hinge and unscrew the bolts under it;
remove the refrigerator compartment door;
further, remove the plug in the refrigerator roof and unscrew one screw (most often it has a built-in hexagon);
we unscrew the screws holding the roof (located at the back) and remove it;
remove the temperature control knob;
take out the temperature regulator by unscrewing 2 self-tapping screws that secure the bracket;
change the node to a new one and perform all actions in the reverse order.

In principle, wherever the thermostat is located, its repair will look about the same:

get to the detail;
disconnect the capillary tube from the evaporator body;
carefully pull it out of the case;
disconnect the relay itself;
carefully insert the new bellows tube and secure it to the evaporator;
connect all the necessary wires and attach the relay in place.

If this is your first time doing this kind of work, take pictures of your every step with your phone or camera. The photos will help a lot when assembling, if you forget what and where was connected.

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