One of the routine maintenance provided by the instruction manual for gas generators is the control and adjustment, if necessary, of the valve mechanism clearances. An increase in clearances above the norm will lead to a decrease in engine power, an increase in noise during operation. The most dangerous is a decrease in the gap, since it is not audible during operation, but the pinched valves, especially the exhaust, begin to burn rapidly. As a result, the engine starts to work unstably and, when the plate is burned out, it stops starting.
Remove the starter by unscrewing the bolts around its casing. By unscrewing the screw (1), the ratchet can be removed. Check its cams (4) and return springs (5). Then carefully remove the pulley with the spring (7). Replace a broken cable or broken spring, whichever caused the repair.
When reassembling the starter, care must be taken to ensure that the spring remains in engagement with the shroud and pulley during installation. The cable must be fully wound around the pulley. With the ratchet in place, check the cable travel and how the starter returns to its original position.
VIDEO
Sometimes it happens that the generator needs to be started urgently, and the recoil starter failed at that very moment. If necessary, there are several emergency start methods.
The methods listed below unsafe !
Remove the starter cover. A flywheel with a cooling impeller is located under it, which is pulled to the crankshaft by a nut. To make it spin, you can:
With a rope wrapped around the flywheel, use it in the same way as a recoil starter rope.Note that if it snags on the fan blades, this rope will turn into a whip whip when starting the motor, so be careful. Stand so that the rope cannot get caught in your hands or head.
Low-power engines can also be started manually: with the ignition off, turn the crankshaft several times, turning the pulley by hand in the desired direction. In this case, the gas valve must be open, and the shutter of the starting device must be closed. After that, turning on the ignition, bring the crankshaft to the compression TDC (you will feel an increase in the effort on the flywheel), and then turn the pulley with a sharp jerk so that the spark energy is enough to ignite the mixture.
A powerful cordless drill and an extension head from the tool kit are a good replacement for a quick electric starter. Clamp the extension in the chuck, put a head of a suitable size on it and unscrew the crankshaft using the flywheel nut. True, in this way it will be possible to start only a low-power generator - for a large-volume engine, the drill torque is not enough to turn it on the compression stroke.
A number of faults, alas, are quite difficult to fix with your own hands, without sufficient qualifications: for example, a faulty inverter converter or voltage regulator can only be repaired with a good understanding of the principle of operation and circuitry of such devices. Not every owner of a gas generator will take up the engine bulkhead, although this is not as difficult as it might seem.
In this case, it is worth contacting a specialized repair shop. You can find out the coordinates of workshops in your city on the Internet or in shops selling gasoline-powered tools.
In large cities like many workshops , here are just a small part of them:
JLCPCB, 10 PP prototypes for only $ 2 and 2 days delivery!
I opened the board, kindly provided by WatchCat, the chemistry turned out to be useless, the plastic began to dissolve, with the help of a grinder and such a mother managed to pick out the board. I'll say right away, half a day work
At the output, 3 of 4 IGBT transistors are punctured, and 2 of them are short-circuited (all 3 outputs)
Input controlled rectifier, stepper control on attiny29 inverter on attiny2313
_________________ How many wonderful discoveries the spirit of enlightenment is preparing for us.
"When a society does not have a color differentiation of pants, then there is no goal!"
_________________ How many wonderful discoveries the spirit of enlightenment is preparing for us.
"When a society does not have a color differentiation of pants, then there is no goal!"
You can come up with your own, but everything is standard there, it rests only on the firmware mk))))) I have a pribluda that allows you to reset the fuses by default, but whether it will erase the firmware or not is not known)))))
A pin is a control point of some kind For now, I'll just try to revive the board, but as soon as I buy an IGBT, a breakdown occurs, most likely due to the fact that at the moment when the engine stalls, the power supply of the output switch control circuit drops, in the end we have a breakdown. Oddly enough, I did not find anything burned out except for transistors, it seems that even the drivers are intact.
I think, put a relay to supply high voltage to the output keys and the toggle switch. accordingly, turn it on only after the engine is started, and turn it off before stopping it.
First you just have to try to read it. Phzy may not be installed. And if installed, then resetting them should erase the firmware.
Is she also revived after forcefully picking out? Surprised.
Alas - it usually dies out of the blue. It can endure repeated bullying with an electric plane, like my neighbor's, or it can die on its own when powered by a laptop and a pair of light bulbs like another neighbor's. And if there is direct control of the keys from the MK, then this will happen with any glitch of the MK from any interference.As my Israeli friends explained to me, direct control of power keys from MK is a simple, obvious, cheap, but wrong solution. There must be a special PWM controller microcircuit, something like UC3842 or TL494, and protection against unacceptable modes must be "hardware". And MK can only interfere with the feedback signal. And so, if the MC goes to reset, the signal takes on a safe value (minimum PWM duty cycle). Then it won't die. The toggle switch will not save, since the interference in the MC arrives at an unpredictable moment in time, and the engine can also stall at any time for a bunch of different reasons.
By the way, I would not invent the inverter, but made the power plants a low-voltage output of 24V to charge the batteries, and the inverter used a ready-made Chinese DC / AC 24 to 220 even with a sine if someone really needs it, at least without a sine if, like me, I did not buy sensitive equipment to the sine. For example a Meanwell 600 watts will do just fine. And no problems with starting currents of any refrigerators and the like - the batteries will swallow everything, unlike the internal combustion engine. And to make a powerful converter 310 to 24 - you can use a computer power supply unit, they are now also 600 watts, but you still can't take more from this engine - the engine itself will die quickly. He would still have to cut the operating speed by half for the purpose of a smaller and more resourceful resource, otherwise it turns under five thousand.
Power redundancy issues are still popular among power users. For these purposes, manufacturers are now mass-producing electric generators of various types and capacities. Among all the designs of such devices, a special place is given to elite models that work on the principle of generating high-quality electricity.
For this, their algorithm implements the method of inverter transformation of the main parameters of electrical signals. Due to this, they are called inverter generators.
They can be produced with various powers, but the most popular among the population are models from 800 to 3000 watts.
The source of energy for powering the engine can be:
How an inverter generator works
The design of the device, enclosed in a single body, includes:
internal combustion engine,
alternator:
inverter conversion unit;
connectors for connecting output circuits;
control and monitoring bodies for tracking technological processes.
To connect electrical appliances, a general industrial output of electricity is used through three power contacts of a conventional standard 220-volt AC outlet.
In addition to the alternating voltage, the generator provides direct current that can be used to charge various batteries, for example, used for starting a car engine. For this, the delivery set includes special clamps for connecting it to its input terminals.
The generator is equipped with protections that automatically open the supply circuit when an excessive load is applied to the output contacts. Also, protections control the technical condition of the engine, especially the achievement of a critical oil level. When it becomes insufficient to lubricate all moving parts, the engine will automatically stop from the action of the protections. To avoid this, it is necessary to monitor the oil level in the crankcase.
These generators are usually equipped with an overhead valve four-stroke engine.
The principle of operation of the inverter unit
The diagram of the interconnection of various technological processes occurring during the inversion of signals is illustrated by the figure.
The internal combustion engine spins a conventional generator that generates sinusoidal electrical energy.Its flow is directed to a rectifier bridge consisting of power diodes located on powerful cooling radiators. As a result, a ripple voltage is produced at its output.
After the bridge, a capacitor filter works, smoothing the ripple to a stable straight line, typical for DC circuits. The electrolytic capacitors are specially designed for reliable operation with voltages above 400 volts.
The reserve is made to exclude the effect of pulsating peaks of the amplitude of the operating voltage of 220 V: 220 ∙ 1.4 = 310 V. The capacitance of the capacitors is calculated according to the power of the connected load. In practice, it ranges from 470 μF and above for one capacitor.
The inverter receives a rectified stabilized direct current and generates a high-quality harmonic of the industrial frequency from it.
Various algorithms of technological processes have been developed for the operation of the inverter, but bridge circuits with a transformer have the best signal shape.
The main element that generates a sinusoidal signal is a semiconductor transistor switch, assembled on IGBT or MOSFIT elements.
For the formation of a sinusoid, the principle of creating a multiply repeating periodicity of pulse-width modulations is used. In order to realize it, each half-period of the voltage fluctuation is formed by the triggering of a certain pair of transistors in the high-frequency pulse mode with the corresponding amplitude that changes over time according to the sine law.
The final alignment of the sine wave and smoothing of the pulse peaks is done by a high-pass low-pass filter.
Thus, the inverter unit serves to convert the electricity generated by the generator windings into a stabilized value with precise metrological characteristics that provide a steady-state frequency of 50 Hz and a voltage of 220 volts.
The operation of the inverter unit is carried out by a control system that controls, through feedback, all technological processes of the generator from various states of the internal combustion engine to the shape of a sinusoid of voltage and the magnitude of the load connected to the output circuits.
In this case, the current coming from the generator windings to the conversion unit can significantly differ in frequency and signal form from the nominal values. This is the main difference between inverter models from all other designs.
The use of inverters allows you to achieve significant advantages over conventional generators:
1. They have increased efficiency due to the automatic adjustment of the engine speed during operation and the creation of an optimal mode for it according to the actual value of the load.
The more force is applied to the engine, the faster its shaft begins to rotate under conditions when the fuel consumption is strictly balanced by the control system. In traditional generators, fuel consumption is weakly dependent on the applied load.
2. Inverter generators produce an almost perfect sine wave when powering consumers under load. This high quality current is very important for the operation of sensitive digital equipment.
3. The dimensions of the elite models are compact and light in weight compared to conventional devices with the same power.
4. The reliability of inverter generators is so high that their manufacturers guarantee them twice the service life compared to simple counterparts.
Inverter generators are designed for use in three modes:
1. long-term operation under a rated load not exceeding the output power declared by the manufacturer;
2. short-term overload no more than half an hour;
3.starting the engine and reaching the generator operating mode, when it is required to overcome large resistance forces of the rotor spinning and capacitive load in the power section circuit.
In the third mode, the inverter can withstand a significant amount of opposing instantaneous power, but its run time is limited to only a few milliseconds.
To do this, you need to perform a number of operations. Let's consider their sequence on the example of one of the available models of the ER 2000 i generator. Priority of actions:
1.check the oil level, because without it, starting will not occur due to blocking by protections and a very high probability of breakdown;
2. pour fuel - without it, the engine will have nowhere to receive energy to create rotational motion;
3. open the fuel tank cap valve;
4. switch the throttle to the "Start" position;
5. set the handle of the fuel cock to the "Operation" position;
6. Start the generator by hand spinning with the cord.
At the initial start of the engine, the overload light comes on for a short time, and then for a long time - the normal mode voltage indicator, the burning of which indicates optimal operating conditions.
After starting the engine, the generator is idling and has optimal electrical parameters. The voltage and frequency shown in the picture are normal values.
After checking the idling characteristics, we connect the load to the generator, for example, using a powerful industrial hair dryer.
The power of the connected device did not change the voltage and frequency at the output of the device, and by the indication of the operating current, one can judge the power consumed by the hairdryer.
After this experiment, we connect digital computers to the DC output and see that it works reliably. When using conventional generators without an inverter unit, microprocessor digital devices fail due to the poor quality of the supply voltage.
Recommendations for safe use
Inverter generators refer to equipment using microprocessor devices and a complex electronic base. Correct observance of operating conditions, as well as careful transportation and maintenance of temperature and humidity conditions during storage are a guarantee of its long-term performance.
Video (click to play).
If you are constantly in the winter in an unheated garage, condensation may form on all internal parts, which will cause the failure of electronic components.