DIY refrigerator evaporator repair

In detail: do-it-yourself refrigerator evaporator repair from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

Despite the fact that modern refrigerators are quite reliable and capable of serving for several decades, they also periodically fail. It is worth solving problems with household appliances right away. Some problems can be dealt with on their own, while others require specialist intervention.

Typical problems that you can deal with on your own include:

the appearance of extraneous sounds and rattling;
insufficient or strong cooling of food;

But the serious problems that require the intervention of professionals include:

current piercing through the casing;
turning off the device immediately after turning it on;
the formation of a snow cap on the back wall;
stopping the operation of the motor - compressor;
lack of cooling.

Most often, no matter how trite it may seem, the rattling of the unit is caused by an incorrectly adjusted suspension of the compressor casing. To solve the problem, it is enough to lower the suspension bolts with springs to the required level.

Also, equipment rattling can be caused by contact of the product body with pipelines. This is solved by detecting problem areas and moving the tubes. Relays can also cause jitter. To fix the problem, it is worth making sure that it is located correctly and according to the special labels.

If the refrigeration equipment begins to freeze strongly or weakly, you will need to check several indicators at once:

Sometimes consumers are faced with the problem that refrigeration equipment is electrocuted. This can happen both during his work and in a calm state.

Video (click to play).

Attention: using a device that shocks is dangerous to life. Unplug it immediately and either fix the problem yourself or call the wizard.

To fix the problem yourself, you will need a special device - a megohmmeter, with which the insulation resistance of the refrigerator wiring is measured. The workflow will look like this:

Disconnect the unit from the mains and check the wires for visible defects.
If you haven't noticed any flaws on the wires, you will need one more device - "Ground". Its wire is connected to the body of the refrigerator, and the second wire - "Line", to the wire of the refrigerator. The “Line” wire is alternately connected to the thermostat, relay and compressor wires, and excessive resistance will be displayed on the screen.
After the location of the malfunction is calculated, the damaged wire will need to be replaced with a new one or carefully insulated.

The refrigerator can start to work continuously if the room temperature rises constantly or the thermostat knob is incorrectly set. Under these conditions, the equipment will operate at full capacity. If the thermostat is set correctly, and the unit operates at full power without interruption, it means that it simply failed and must be replaced. Also, a problem in the constant operation of the compressor motor may be a refrigerant leak. This can only be determined using a special device. It is impossible to repair the equipment on your own without the skill and necessary consumables. It is worth contacting the workshop here.

The thermal relay is often triggered for various reasons:

increased voltage in the electric motor circuit;
the relay is loose;
relay contacts oxidized;
there are faults in the starting relay;
the compressor is seized.

Important: most often the thermal relay often trips due to an increased voltage in the motor circuit. If the problem is not eliminated in time, its winding will burn out.

You can try to fix the breakdown by checking the voltage in the electric motor network. If stable, check the relay. For this, the motor is connected directly without a relay. If, after the performed manipulations, the equipment starts to work properly, you will need to replace the relay.

Sometimes in two-compartment refrigerators, excess moisture appears on the walls in the form of drops of water or a snow coat. This can happen due to long open doors, or if the seal has lost its elasticity. It can also be provoked by the fact that hot food is placed in the unit. Correcting this situation begins with checking all the settings in the cooling system.

Quite often, in modern models, a fur coat on the walls appears when the internal lighting is turned off. It is impossible to see if the backlight is on after the door is closed. To check if the light is on or not, place a thin object between the equipment wall and the seal and close the door. Through the resulting gap, you can determine whether the light is on or not. If it does not light up, then repair the lighting system or replace the button - the switch that comes out of the wall towards the door.

If, after connecting the unit to the network, it does not make any sounds, then the refrigerator does not work completely. This is most often due to the lack of current in the power supply network or to the failure of the refrigerator cord. If there is current, simply replace the cord or plug.

If the refrigeration equipment works, but with a short cycle, this can provoke:

high pressure;
the presence of air in the system;
excess freon;
relay actuation;
dirty fan;
failure of the fan.

For troubleshooting, you need to check if the fan is connected correctly. If there is a small amount of air in the system or there is an excess of freon, they will need to be vented through the valve. Remember to check the condenser for dust contamination. Frequent activation of the low pressure switch leads to clogging of the filter or damage to the expansion valve. In this case, you just need to clean the filter or replace it with a new one, check the relay settings.

Moisture can collect on the bottom of the refrigerator due to the tube misalignment or clogging. You can cope with a breakdown quite quickly if you clean the pipe that leads water to a special receiver using a long and flexible wire. The wire is inserted into the tube and moves along the hole to the bottom of the unit. After a few minutes of the working process, all the debris will go into the water receiver.

Caution: To completely clean the tube, it is best to douche it several times.

An unpleasant smell appears in the refrigerator from improper use. To do this, it is not recommended to place products with a pungent odor in it without special containers, wipe the walls of the device in time and monitor its cleanliness.

If, however, an unpleasant odor still appears in the device, you must quickly get rid of it. Since this will have a bad effect on all the products that are stored in it. This process can take several hours of your free time:

Disconnect the unit from the network and leave it for a while. If ice has formed on the walls, it is not recommended to remove it by force. Since we can cause mechanical damage to equipment.
After the equipment is completely defrosted, we wipe its walls with special means. Powder abrasive mixtures should not be chosen. Better opt for helium pastes.
Wipe the refrigerator dry with a clean cloth, ventilate it for 5-10 hours.
We plug the unit into an outlet and continue to operate it.

In some models of refrigerators, light bulbs in the backlight often burn out. Replacing them should not be difficult. It is enough just to unscrew the bolt holding the cover, remove it and unscrew the burned out light bulb. In its place, a new lamp is screwed in, the power of which should not exceed 15 W., and fix the shade in place.

Before proceeding with the repair of refrigeration equipment, it is necessary to diagnose it in order to understand whether it is possible to cope with the breakdown on its own or it is worth resorting to the help of specialists.

To diagnose equipment at home, you will need to prepare a universal tester and a screwdriver. Diagnostics begins with determining the quality of the voltage in the network. If it is 220 W, then everything is normal. If the voltage is less than this indicator, this can become the main reason for the failure of the household appliance.
Next, we carefully examine the cord and plug of the unit for integrity. It should not have defects, it should not heat up during operation.
Next, we inspect the terminals on the compressor. It is better to do this with the equipment disconnected from the network.
We inspect the compressor, which is located at the lower rear of the refrigerator. It must be free of defects and damage. After visual inspection, we check the winding. Disconnect flexible wires before inspection. It is necessary to check the winding circuit for continuity using a tester.
After that, you can proceed to diagnostics of small parts - the temperature sensor. To do this, use a screwdriver to remove and disconnect the wiring. Each wire is tested for functionality with a tester.

All malfunctions of refrigeration equipment are divided into two parts:

The inner chamber is not cooled during normal engine start. Most often, the breakdown lies in the main components of the equipment.
The unit does not turn on or turns on for a short time and then turns off. Here, the problems are associated with a malfunction of the electrical circuit of the household appliance.

In the first case, only highly qualified craftsmen should be engaged in repairs, since diagnostics and repairs can only be carried out with the help of special equipment and long-term skills.

But if the electrical mechanism of the unit is out of order, then you can solve the problem on your own - after carrying out diagnostics, identifying the causes of the breakdown and replacing the failed spare part.

In conclusion, I would like to note that every unit, even from a world-famous manufacturer, may stop working at some time. To repair a refrigerator, you need to figure out what the matter is, purchase the necessary part and stock up on free time. If you do not have special experience in the repair of household equipment, it is better to contact the masters of their craft, who will solve all problems quickly and efficiently.

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Sooner or later, the refrigerator starts to work incorrectly, of course, in this situation you need to find out what the problem is. Without thorough diagnostics, it is impossible to restore the operation of the device, if you cannot diagnose yourself - call a wizard who will immediately replace the broken part.

Automatic devices used to operate the refrigerator:

Thermoregulators are sensors that keep the set temperature inside the refrigerator at an optimal level;
Start relay - is responsible for automatically turning on the motor winding when the refrigerator is turned on;
Protective relay - monitors the voltage so that there are no failures during the winding of the motor;
Cleaners - removes snow and ice that impairs evaporator performance.

Do not forget that for the refrigerator to work correctly, you need to maintain the voltage of electricity in the range from 200 to 240 volts. If the voltage is too low or too high, emergency operation will be activated. Many people forget about this, and look for a problem elsewhere, but before diagnosing, first of all, you need to check the voltage of the mains. Get a voltage tester, it is very cheap. Next, fix the test leads inside the socket contacts, but be careful, you can only hold on to the insulation on the test leads. After this procedure, you will receive detailed information about the strength of the voltage in the mains.

Most often, the voltage is within reasonable limits, but the problem persists. It is quite possible that this is due to a malfunction of the plug, or a malfunctioning power cord. Replace the plug and power cord and the refrigerator will start working as well as before. If you have replaced, and the indicator light comes on, then the breakdown is related to the thermostat. Look for the two wires that lead to the temperature controller, and then remove from the terminals and close them tightly. Using this action, you can check the operation of the thermostat, it will react to the connection and turn on, but it will still have to be replaced.

But if the problem persists this time, you need to test the defrost button, if there is one in this refrigerator model. If this time the problem persists, check the rest of the refrigerator appliances that are powered from the mains. Use an ohmmeter to test the protective and starting relays, there are often cases when they are combined in one case. If you notice a break, get rid of the broken part and replace it with a new one.

The problem is compounded if the refrigerator motor-compressor is faulty. It cannot be repaired, so the entire compressor must be replaced. Do not try to repair the motor-compressor yourself - it is useless, you will only permanently ruin it. Call a professional technician, he will solve the problem in a short time.

Usually, this problem is associated with the following malfunctions: a malfunction in the motor-compressor, freon leakage and a change in the temperature balance due to malfunctions in the thermostat. If the condenser, which heats up to at least 70 degrees Celsius, maintains a low temperature even when the compressor is running for a very long time, the problem is freon leakage. In this situation, it is very difficult to find the place where the leak occurred. You must purge the refrigerant from the system and then pump in air at high pressure. In the place where the leak has occurred, a strong air pressure will be felt. Charge the refrigerator with refrigerant, seal the leak, but be careful. The best option is to call the master.

If you feel that the problem lies in the malfunctioning of the thermostat, replace it and check how the refrigerator is working correctly. You can also give the thermostat for regulation. It is almost impossible to diagnose problems inside the motor-compressor, as well as to eliminate them. Call the wizard if you suspect a compressor problem.

Sometimes there is a more ambiguous problem: the thermostat works, but the refrigerator does not freeze as well as we would like. Replace the thermostat, if this does not help, check the refrigerator.For example, the problem may be leakage when the elasticity and shape of the sealing rubber changes greatly. The quality of the compressor drops noticeably, because warm air from the room enters the chamber. The problem is solved very quickly - restore the seal, and install a new sealing rubber. If the problem persists, try checking the thermostat adjustment, it is not uncommon for the temperature to be set too high or too low. Do not forget that in modern refrigerators everything is automated with special microcircuits, which can only be understood by a qualified specialist.

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Most people neglect the refrigerator, they believe that it is enough that it performs its functions and defrosts on its own. Rarely do people read the instruction manual and the operation manual, and very much in vain - it is possible to prevent possible problems.

First, the refrigerator needs to be cleaned, both inside and out. To do this, you need a regular sponge or a rag soaked in disinfectant. Keep in mind that refrigerator cleaners are available at any hardware store. If there is an opportunity to purchase detergents from the same manufacturer - buy. They not only clean the refrigerator from dirt, but also improve the smell inside the refrigerator. Also, do not forget that not all refrigerator models are equipped with an air purification system, so you need to plan in advance for the purchase of a charcoal filter or a means to improve the smell.

Secondly, you need to clean the refrigerator very carefully. It is undesirable for water to get under the shade of a lighting lamp or a thermostat, which is located inside the outer panel. It is usually in that position if you purchased an electromechanical refrigerator. In order not to damage the seal, you need to clean it with water, without using preparations containing chemicals. It is much easier to clean the outside of the refrigerator, pay special attention to those areas that you often touch with your hands.

Do not wash the stainless steel refrigerator in the usual way. Despite the fact that it is a very attractive and high-quality material, it requires careful maintenance. Read the instructions to find out what product can be used to clean the refrigerator. If you did not find information, go to the company's website or study the forums where people leave feedback on the operation.

After external and internal cleaning, the refrigerator must be dried. Use a dry flannel cloth. Of course, the back of the refrigerator also needs to be cleaned, but due to the huge amount of dust, doing this with a rag is very unpleasant and problematic. Very gently vacuum the back panel with a medium suction setting. When the refrigerator is completely dry, plug it in.

That's all for today. If you have any questions, ask them in the comments. We will try to answer.

Each apartment and private house has a refrigerator that works without interruption, and often breaks down at the most inopportune moment. Most often, serious expensive repairs are required, or even a complete replacement of failed equipment. Many turn to service centers, but some DIYers successfully repair the refrigerator with their own hands. In this case, it is necessary to have a good idea of the device of the units, to have the skills to handle tools and to strictly follow the established procedure.

Before proceeding with self-repair of the refrigerator, you need to accurately determine the cause of the breakdown. With correct diagnostics, you do not have to disassemble the entire refrigerator, but immediately gain access to the place of malfunction.

The refrigerator has stopped freezing food, or the operating temperature is insufficient for normal storage.Here, most likely, the compressor is faulty or the adjustments are set incorrectly, with violations.

The refrigerator does not turn on... This can happen for a variety of reasons. For example, a plug or cable that is bent or has received mechanical damage is often faulty. Such malfunctions are easily eliminated with your own hands, it is enough to replace the damaged part. Refrigerators often stop working due to problems in the electrical network. For normal operation of the unit, a voltage of 190 volts or higher is required. If this condition is not met, the device will simply not turn on. This problem is not a breakdown, as in this case the protective mechanism is simply triggered. You can solve the issue by installing a voltage stabilizer.

The button that turns on the defrost function does not work... Sometimes it sinks or stops working altogether. As a result, this leads to the impossibility of defrosting or canceling an already started defrosting. In this case, the old button is removed and replaced with a new element.

Serious attention is paid to checking electrical circuits. It is possible that the lack of cold is due to oxidation of the contacts that need to be cleaned. This problem most often appears as a result of moisture ingress and with prolonged use of the equipment. Because of this, all compounds are oxidized and contact is lost. Such a breakdown is eliminated by the usual stripping of the terminals and the unit begins to cool again.

The electrical circuit of the refrigerator will help to quickly detect the malfunction. Defective parts found, such as the start relay, are usually not repaired but must be replaced.

Most domestic refrigerators have similar devices and, accordingly, they have the same problems. As a rule, all malfunctions consist in too strong freezing, or in its complete absence. By and large, they also affect foreign models, so the principles and rules for carrying out repairs will be the same for everyone.

The lack of cold is most often associated with the leakage of freon from the cooling system and compressor. Usually this problem becomes visible to the naked eye. If the leak was not visually detected, the following steps must be taken:

You need to find a special sealed tube on the compressor and pump out freon through it.
Instead of freon, air is pumped under low pressure.
A characteristic hiss will be heard at the place of damage, which will indicate a leak. This place should be soldered, since other methods are not suitable here.

Sometimes in Indesit refrigerators the freezing becomes weak. This occurs as a result of freezing of the air exhaust and supply ducts. It is very easy to eliminate this defect by ordinary defrosting of the unit.

Sometimes the thermostat functions normally, but there is not enough cold to freeze food. This problem applies to all brands of refrigerators. If the compressor is in good working order and is operating normally, then the cause may be the rubber gaskets installed between the chamber and the doors. Worn seals simply do not seal the refrigerator compartment as needed. As a result of the resulting gap, the cold gradually goes out. The problem is solved by replacing the old seals with new ones. Fastening is done with epoxy or glue.

If refrigerators, on the contrary, begin to freeze very strongly. Most often this happens due to incorrect settings of the thermostat, when the factory settings are lost. The situation is corrected by adjusting this relay. However, this operation requires qualifications, so you will have to call the wizard from the service center to configure it.

Sometimes severe freezing occurs as a result of a refrigerant leak.This happens very rarely because in all other cases the compressor starts to freeze much worse. In this case, replacing the compressor is not required; maintenance is sufficient.

During operation, more serious problems may arise, in general, negatively affecting the operation of refrigeration equipment. For example, the refrigerator produces noise and strong vibration. This usually occurs due to improper installation of the unit, as a result, the electric motor is not provided with normal operating conditions.

Many refrigerator problems are caused by improper installation of the equipment protection relay. In such cases, it must be reinstalled correctly. This procedure should be carried out in full accordance with the scheme.

Malfunction in the form of an unpleasant odor. This happens when the drain pipe becomes clogged during long-term operation of the refrigerator. The connection is cleaned with water or compressed air.

There are some differences in the repair of one- and two-compartment refrigerators. In the second option, there may be more compressors requiring care and monitoring. Usually one part fails, while the other continues to function normally.

Thus, it is quite possible to repair the refrigerator yourself. Of course, only specialists can solve more serious problems. But even those faults that can be corrected at home will significantly save the family budget. The most important thing is to carefully study the operating manual, and then follow it during the repair.

A refrigerator is a technique that is present in every home. Like any other household appliances, it tends to break.Of course, in this case, you can repair it at a service center or call a refrigerator repair technician, but it will cost you a pretty penny. Therefore, it will be useful to know how to make a small repair of the refrigerator with your own hands.First, let's figure out how the refrigerator works.All refrigerators are cooled by circulating a special gas (refrigerant) inside the insulated system. When the refrigerator is running, the gas is sucked in by the compressor, then compressed as it passes through the condenser located at the back of the appliance.As it passes through the condenser, the gas is compressed and cooled. After passing through the filter drier and capillary tube, it enters the evaporator. Here the liquefied gas expands rapidly, while its temperature drops sharply.These actions occur cyclically until the thermostat disconnects the device from the network. The evaporator of the refrigerator is located in the refrigerating chamber and is a plate in which the cooling gas passes through the tubes.

If you didn't manage to open the freezer door, don't worry - nothing bad happened. It may not open due to vacuum. Wait a little and try again - it should work.

The reason for this breakdown can be very simple - when closing, the door presses the switch and the lighting turns off. To check, press the switch several times with the door open.

If the lamp does not light up, check it for serviceability. To do this, turn off the refrigerator. Remove the cover from the lamp. As a rule, it is fixed with plastic clips.

Unscrew the lamp and check for serviceability; if necessary, replace it with a new one. Use only lamps of the wattage specified in the instruction manual.

Put the cover back in place and connect the refrigerator to the mains. Check if the lighting is working. If not, then the switch is broken.

To remove it, you first have to remove the plastic caps that cover the mounting screws. It is convenient to do this with a thin screwdriver.

It is necessary to unscrew the screws with which the thermostat housing is attached to the refrigerator, then remove the housing itself.

After that, we find the switch, release it from the attachment and take it out.

We remove the wire from one terminal of the switch and touch its contacts with a tester. If the tester shows infinity in the unpressed position of the switch, then the latter is faulty.

We replace the switch with a new one and install the thermostat in place.

There may be several reasons for this malfunction:

1. Incorrectly set temperature. You can set the required cooling temperature using the thermostat knob.

2. Malfunction of the thermostat. Be sure to check its work.

3. The temperature in the room where the refrigerator is located is too high. The device should be located as far away from heat sources as possible, it is advisable to install it in a cool room.

4. Too much dust has accumulated on the condenser located on the back of the refrigerator. This can interfere with the normal heat exchange of the coil with the environment.

As a result, the refrigerant will not be sufficiently cooled by the condenser. Using a soft brush or vacuum cleaner, remove the dust layer after unplugging the device from the mains.

Another possible reason for insufficient cooling is the constantly-on lamp in the refrigerator compartment. This happens when the light switch is malfunctioning.

5. Faulty door seal. A damaged or worn door seal can allow warm air into the refrigerator compartment and prevent it from cooling to the desired temperature.

The easiest way to repair in this case is to simply replace the seal with a new one. But not all types of seals can be replaced.

Sometimes you have to change the whole door. This is completely unprofitable, so you can try to repair the old seal.

First, consider how to attach the seal by pulling it off the edge.

If it is mounted with screws, then to remove it you will have to unscrew them all.

If there is no native sealant, you can buy a universal one on order. The kit is sold in the form of L-shaped blanks that can be cut to a rectangular spacer.

An old seal can be used as a template.Using a square, it is necessary to mark the 45 ° angle on the seal, then cut off the marked ends with a clerical knife.

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At the old seal, measure the length of the magnetic strip and use the side cutters to cut the same length of the strip from the repair kit. Insert it into the cavity of the gasket profile.

Then glue corner connectors into each of the halves of the seal and assemble the entire structure on a flat surface, applying a little glue.

After the glue is completely dry, install the finished seal on the refrigerator door.

This can happen due to more serious problems - breakdown of the thermostat, leakage of cooling gas, clogged pipes.

If there is a gas leak from the system, you need to find and solder the leak, then refill the refrigerator with refrigerant.

The capillary tube can become clogged due to water entering the system. To solve this problem, it is necessary to evacuate the gas from the system, remove moisture and then refuel it.

If the thermostat is faulty, the only way out is to replace it.

If butter, milk, etc. freeze in the refrigerator. - it means that the temperature in it is too low.

The reasons for this phenomenon can be different.

1. Incorrectly installed thermostat. Someone from home could accidentally put the thermostat knob in the wrong position. In this case, the solution is simple - you need to set the temperature correctly.

2. Freeze mode is on. If your refrigerator has a quick freeze function, be sure to check to see if someone forgot to turn off this mode.

3. Faulty thermostat. It is necessary to check its performance and, if necessary, replace it.

4. Breakdown of the auto-defrosting heater. If your refrigerator (or freezer) has an auto-defrost function, then a faulty heater on the evaporator will cause an ice cap to form. As a result, the refrigerator works more than it should be, which accordingly lowers the temperature.

There are many reasons for this, here are the most common:

The device is not turned on. The funniest reason, but surprisingly not uncommon.
There is no power supply. Be sure to look at the shield - the plugs may have burned out or the machine has turned off. It is also advisable to measure the voltage of the outlet.
Broken wires or plug incorrectly inserted. Using a tester, we check the circuit.
The fuse in the power plug has blown. If there is a fuse in the power plug of the appliance, be sure to test it for suitability. If it is defective, replace it with a new one with the same rated current.

In conclusion, a few tips for the correct use of the refrigerator.

If your freezer or refrigerator is not well positioned, it will take a long time to maintain the correct temperature in the freezer and storage room.

The fact is that the condenser, which is located at the back of the device, must be cooled naturally by air currents. Therefore, do not place the refrigerator near heating devices such as a stove or a radiator.

In order to prevent the development of harmful microorganisms, it is advisable to store cooked products on the upper shelves, and raw ones on the lower ones.

When stacking meat and fish products, use plastic containers, and if they are not available, put them on a plate and cover another. Remember that the refrigerator compartment cools most in the area next to the evaporator.

In the freezer, food must be stored wrapped or in special containers. It is advisable to wrap solid foods in foil. Store liquids in containers with tight-fitting lids.

It is recommended to affix date tags to all products. This is necessary to know how long the product has been in the freezer. Remember that different products have different maximum freezer storage lines.

If your appliance does not have an auto-defrosting device, you must defrost it yourself. This is best done during periods of lightest food congestion. Ice in the refrigerator should be no more than 5 mm thick.

Before defrosting, remove all food items from the refrigerator and wrap them in newspapers. Keep them in a cool place, or better for a while, leave them in the refrigerator of neighbors or relatives.

Unplug the device from the mains. If your refrigerator has a drain pipe for defrosting water, remove it and place it in a container. How to properly position this tube can be found in the instructions for the refrigerator.

If you want the refrigerator to defrost faster, place a pot of hot water in it. Melted ice can be removed with a wooden spatula.

In no case should you do this with metal objects, especially with a knife. They can damage the evaporator and are very expensive to repair.

When the ice has completely thawed, rinse the refrigerator thoroughly and dry it with a soft cloth.

Plug the freezer or refrigerator into the network, give it the opportunity to properly dial the desired temperature, and only then load the food into it.

The refrigerator should be washed periodically (at least once a month). You can use a liquid detergent solution to care for it.

It is better to use a cloth just dampened with water to wipe the door seal. Special aerosols with antibacterial properties are also suitable for cleaning the refrigerator. Be sure to keep the drain hole and drain channel clean.

To prevent odors from forming in the refrigerator, take care of it regularly and seal overly smelling foods tightly. In addition, special deodorizers are sold in stores that can keep the scent of freshness in the refrigerator for about 10 weeks.

If you can't get it, you should try the tried and tested method - just place a glass of baking soda inside the refrigerator.

The refrigerator most often breaks down at the most inopportune moment. What was the reason, how serious the breakdown is, how it can be fixed - the summary table of refrigerator malfunctions will help to answer these questions.Classic refrigerator (without No Frost system) works as follows:The motor - compressor (1), sucks in gaseous freon from the evaporator, compresses it, and pushes it through the filter (6) into the condenser (7).
Freon heated by compression in the condenser
cools down to room temperature and finally turns into a liquid state.
Liquid freon, under pressure, through the opening of the capillary (8) enters the inner cavity of the evaporator (5), turns into a gaseous state, as a result of which, it takes away heat from the walls of the evaporator, and the evaporator, in turn, cools the inner space of the refrigerator.
This process is repeated until
reaching the temperature of the evaporator walls set by the thermostat (3).
When the required temperature is reached, the thermostat opens the electrical circuit and the compressor stops.
After a while, the temperature in the refrigerator (due to external factors) begins to rise, the thermostat contacts close,
using the protective and starting relay (2), the electric motor of the motor-compressor is started and the whole cycle is repeated from the beginning (see point 1)Now that we are familiar with the refrigerator device, we propose the following sequence of actions:Try to identify the problem. in the vast majority of cases, this is not difficult by following the instructions for troubleshooting.If possible, repair it yourself. A person who is familiar with the device of the refrigerator and has a minimum set of tools is able to eliminate most of the malfunctions not related to depressurization of the system.

If self-repair is not possible, choose a company, determine the cost of repairs and call a master.At the end of the repair, adhere to the recommendations for operating the refrigerator.The sequence of actions to identify the failed part and recommendations for repair. For compressor refrigerators without No Frost system.Check the voltage in the outlet, it should be in the range of 200-240 Volts, if this is not the case, the refrigerator is not obliged to work (although it may work for a while, especially the old models.)All repair work must be carried out with the refrigerator unplugged and defrosted!a) Check if the light inside the refrigerator is on, if it used to be on, but now it is off - there is a malfunction in the power cord or electrical plug (this is a fairly common malfunction and it is not necessary to call a refrigerator repair technician to fix it).b) If the light comes on, the first thing to do is to check the thermostat:- we find two wires suitable for the thermostat, remove them from the terminals and connect them together. If
the refrigerator will then work - we change the thermostat and the repair is completed.c) If the thermostat is working properly. In the same way, we check the button for defrosting the refrigerator.d) For further diagnostics, you will need an ohmmeter. We disconnect and call the starting and protective relay (they can be assembled in one case), if we find an open circuit, we replace the defective part.e) The electric motor of the motor-compressor remains, it is difficult to replace it without the participation of a specialist, but since we got to it, it is worth finding out what exactly the malfunction is. There may be three defects in this unit:- winding breakage;
- turn-to-turn closure of the winding;
- short circuit to the motor compressor case;How to identify them is generally clear: all three contacts of the electric motor should ring among themselves and not ring with the case. If the resistance between any two contacts is less than 20 ohms, this may indicate an interturn closure.f) If you carefully completed the previous points and did not find a malfunction, this most likely indicates oxidation of the contacts in one of the connections of the refrigerator electrical circuit. Carefully inspect and clean all the contact groups that you disassembled, restore the refrigerator circuit in the reverse order - the refrigerator should work. Image - DIY refrigerator evaporator repair

1 - electric motor
motor-compressor
1.1 - working winding
1.2 - starting winding

3 - thermostat contacts

10 - defrost button

11 - protection relay
11.1 - bimetallic plate
11.2 - relay contacts

12 - starting relay
12.1 - relay coil
12.2 - relay contacts

a) Defect in the bimetallic plate 11.1 of the protective relay: determine the malfunction and replace the part.
b) Defective coil (or other current sensor) 12.1 starting relay: determine the malfunction and replace the part.
c) Breakage of the starting winding of the electric motor 1.2: we determine the malfunction and call the repairman of refrigerators to replace the motor-compressor.

a) Freon leakage: Determined as follows - if the compressor is running and the amount of freon is normal, the condenser should heat up, touch it with your hand (carefully, it can heat up to 70 degrees), if after prolonged engine operation it remains cold, then the system is depressurizing ... Disconnect the refrigerator from the network and call the wizard.
b) Violation of the thermostat regulation. The device can be temporarily replaced with a known good one, if the refrigerator works in normal mode - return the faulty thermostat for adjustment.
c) Decreased performance of the motor-compressor. This is a hard-to-diagnose malfunction, call the wizard

a) Violation of the thermostat regulation. The device can be temporarily replaced with a known good one, if the refrigerator works in normal mode - return the faulty thermostat for adjustment.
b) The rubber of the refrigerator door seal has lost its shape and elasticity. If the door does not close tightly, warm air will enter the refrigerator, the temperature regime will not be maintained and the motor-compressor will work with increased load. Carefully inspect the seal, defective - replace. (see also next point)
c) The door of the refrigerator led. The door geometry is adjusted by changing the tension of the two diagonal rods located under the door panel. For more information on how to adjust the door, see Removing gaps in refrigerator doors.
d) Decreased performance of the motor-compressor. This is a hard-to-diagnose malfunction, call the wizard

a) If the refrigerator turns off from time to time, but the temperature in it is too low - slightly turn the thermostat knob counterclockwise, if this does not help - see Violation of the thermostat adjustment
b) The fast freezing button is forgotten in the pressed position - turn it off.

Many malfunctions that subsequently lead to costly repairs to the refrigerator arise as a result of improper operation of the unit. Here are some simple tips:
a) If the refrigerator has been turned off for any reason, wait five minutes before turning it on again. This process can be automated, see the timer to delay the inclusion of the refrigerator

b) If the refrigerator has been defrosted, do not load it with food before it runs empty for one cycle and turns off.

c) Do not set the thermostat pointer further than the middle of the scale, this will not give a significant gain in temperature, and the engine will work in a tense mode.

d) On some refrigerators, a “crying evaporator” is located in the back of the refrigerator compartment (on the back wall). Do not lean food against it and do not forget to clean the water drain underneath.

e) When defrosting the refrigerator, it is unacceptable to pick off the ice using hard objects, defrost only with warm water.

f) On some refrigerators there is a “quick freeze” button (usually yellow) this button closes the thermostat contacts and the engine runs without shutting down. Do not forget this button is pressed.

g) Do not store vegetable oil in the refrigerator, oil is not required, and the rubber of the refrigerator door seal loses its elasticity.

h) Do not place the refrigerator near heating appliances.

Video (click to play).

The reason for the appearance of water in the refrigerating chamber is defrosting, as a result of improper operation or loss of tightness. Even a small puddle is a bad sign. The refrigerator has time to thaw and flow - look for leaks, as a rule, the sealing rubber does not fit tightly in the door. However, the reason may be trivial, the refrigerator doors were not closed tightly.