In detail: repair of do-it-yourself musical speakers from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.
Acoustic systems are divided into active, passive, the difference is limited by the presence of sound processing chips inside, powered by electric current. Amplifiers, filters, interfaces for reading flash media, decoding compressed audio formats. In the latter case, the speaker system approximates the functionality of the player. Consider what to do when the speakers are not working. The speakers include a myriad of sound reproducing devices, readers are interested in how they repair speakers with their own hands. You will need special glue. In the days of the USSR, BF 4, AK 20. Solvents are selected accordingly (based on glue). It will be necessary, disassembling, dismantling the connection, and repairing the speaker system yourself.
A movable part with a rigid plate creates air vibrations that are perceived by the human ear.
Do-it-yourself repair of acoustic systems, doubting how the device works, is supposed to use the principle - do not harm. Regardless of the size, the speaker of the speaker system is formed by electrical, mechanical parts. The first is formed mainly by inductors. The second includes a permanent magnet, a membrane. Here is an incomplete classification of speakers of acoustic systems.
Readers are familiar with naturally occurring audio reproducing devices. There is not always a coil in the speaker system. Therefore, before the repair, in the process, the master performs the correct classification of the devices, properly carrying out the necessary operations.
Video (click to play).
Partially touched the device. Let's consider in more detail the electrodynamic models. The diffuser forms the support for the cap. It is represented by the semblance of a wide horn on which the coil is glued from the back side. Flexible copper conductors that carry an electric current, punching the diffuser from the inside, fit directly to the membrane cap. The soldering points are visible from the front of the speaker. The coil is light; it is required to provide a relatively low inertia of the system. Even the tuning fork A of the first octave lies at 440 Hz. It is clear that for fluctuations of the indicated speed, the moving part of the speaker of the acoustics must be light.
The magnet is fixed on the bed. Usually circular. An inductor runs in both directions in the hole, moving the cap-membrane assembly. The connecting wires make constant vibrations. A centering washer is used to position the movable part along the vertical, horizontal axis. Perforated piece of elastic material, centering the location of the cap, diffuser. The centering washer does not interfere with the displacement of the moving part along the axis of symmetry. The repair is ridiculously simple:
Since the membrane and cap do not break, it is a matter of checking the electrical installation, the soldering points of the wires, the integrity of the coil.
Inductance is wound in the image and likeness of the old one. Each layer of turns is coated with BF 4 glue. Poor soldering is performed anew. Select the appropriate inductance winding technique. Usually a special device is made, formed by two pairs of racks, standing opposite each other on a long board. Both are connected by axles. One contains the core of the new coil, the other contains the purchased wire. It is recommended to buy the wire with varnish insulation. It is necessary to maintain the correct thickness. You can measure using a vernier caliper.
Winding is relatively fast while the glue dries. The coils fit tightly to one another, adhering to the shuttle principle.It is important to maintain the correct number of turns, properly position the terminals.
It is often necessary to disassemble a speaker of a speaker system for repair. Stock up on solvent. The glued joints are wetted, waiting for a fixed time. Please note: the joints are carefully cleaned. It is made regardless of the glue used to assemble the speaker of the speaker system.
Speakers are different types of speaker systems, each with a limited frequency response. Everyone works as a kind of mechanical filter. However, it happens that you need to shift the range ... You can raise the resonance frequencies of the electrodynamic system by varnishing the centering washer. Used 5-10% solution of ZAPON, cellulose in acetone. The varnish is applied with a soft brush in a circle. Avoid misaligning the moving part of the loudspeaker. Consecutively performing the operations, we will increase the resonance frequency by 1.5–2 times, approximately one octave.
To lower the range, weights should be glued to the moving part. The correct ring of cardboard is attached to the back of the diffuser. It is necessary to more precisely maintain the symmetry of the arrangement of parts. The sound pressure drops rapidly. The volume decreases, the range is narrowed from the high frequency side. However, in the area of resonance, the loudspeaker will perform well.
VIDEO You can expand the range in both directions (if there is no cap). In the center, from the front, a truncated cone is glued above the inductance coil of the speaker of the speaker system. The mass is made as small as possible. Thin, thick paper impregnated with ZAPON varnish will do. The top plate is equal to the coil, the height is half the cone, the taper is 70 degrees. Due to the increase in the mass of the moving part, the resonant frequency decreases, but the upper edge of the range rises, thanks to the rigid core, which is harder than the diffuser. As a result, the spectrum of the reproduced sounds expands in both directions. The total increase will be one and a half or two octaves, the game is worth the candle. Take care to correctly configure the electronic part: if there are passive filters on capacitors and resistors, they will limit (cut off) the capabilities of the mechanics.
Craftsmen increase the sound pressure at the resonant frequency for an unshielded magnetic system. Try to find one or a similar set ring. Then glue the second magnet on the reverse side of the one standing, the interaction of the fields will increase, therefore, the strength of the sound will increase.
The speaker system is simple and can break, they said. We hope the renovation goes off without a hitch.
It was necessary to equip a computer workstation. In order to save money, I decided to restore and repair the old computer speakers "Genius". The speakers are sturdy, in a sturdy case and with a decent acoustic radiator, but the electronics have caused criticism. Using affordable and cheap electronic modules purchased in online stores, we managed to make loud speakers with clear sound with our own hands. In terms of their parameters, computer speakers turned out to be cheaper than similar acoustics purchased in a store. A detailed step-by-step repair instruction with a diagram, photo and video is presented.
VIDEO
Computer speakers "Genius SP-16" were taken for restoration and repair. Loudspeakers began their life from the days of 14 ″ computer cathode-ray monitors. The enclosures are made of durable plastic with sufficient internal volume. Speakers with high efficiency and good reproduction characteristics are installed inside the speakers. But there are claims to electronics, which were partially eliminated during operation (replacement of electrolytic capacitors). Unfortunately, the sound from the speakers was not of high quality, especially at high volume, nonlinear distortions were clearly visible and annoying.
For the repair, the following restoration scheme was applied:
Replace the existing low-frequency amplifier with a class D amplifier.
Maintain the basic controls for the speakers.
Use an existing transformer to power the speakers.
For repairs, a ready-made switching power stabilizer for 5 Volts 2 Amperes and a digital stereo ULF board (3 watts per channel) were used. This type of ULF was deliberately chosen because of its low cost (
15 rubles) and unpretentiousness. The stereo amplifier was bought on Aliexpress from this link https://ali.pub/1e25ap .
To work, you will need a long Phillips screwdriver, a soldering iron with accessories for soldering, and pieces of tinned and insulated copper conductors. The presence of a suction for solder will facilitate the dismantling work. A tester is required to control the rations and settings.
The photo shows a diagram of the "Genius SP-16" speaker. In the diagram, crosses indicate conductors with details. All the details to the right of the cross must be soldered out and removed. The numbers show the connection points of the ULF board and power supply.
The self-tapping screws for fastening the halves of the cover of the active speaker are unscrewed
The board is removed from the open case and the power conductors and speaker connections are soldered.
The board is removed from the case and radio components are removed from it according to the diagram.
From the back side of the board, a soldering iron is installed on the legs of the conductors, according to the diagram, the power stabilizer. Before installing the ULF on the board, you must supply power to the board and check the output voltage to the +5 Volt stabilizer.
Further, the ULF board is installed on the board in the same way on the tinned conductors. The signal to the jack of the external speaker and loudspeaker is supplied with insulated conductors. See the photo.
Before final assembly, we check the operation of the ULF and volume and tone controls.
We assemble the column case. Look at the sound quality in the video.
The sound is now clear, the hiss in the absence of signals has gone beyond the audibility threshold, and the sound at maximum volume remains clear and without distortion. The repair price is less than 200 rubles (2017). Computer speakers with such parameters cannot be purchased for this price.
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At the time of 14 monitors, I purchased similar speakers Genius SP-G16 (16W) ... Since this was my first computer, monitor and speakers, initially the sound distortions were slightly annoying (I just didn't understand this) ... After a few months I had a desire to throw them out or redo (fix a flaw in the electronics), but since I did not gain knowledge in this area, the speakers were gathering dust at work for a long time (a work colleague drove them at high volume until they were hoarse and partial loss of sound) ... When I returned them home and disassembled it, it turned out that the case and the speakers are working properly .. I started to google the solution of the problem on the Internet and came out on your video ... I am impressed by the simplicity and concreteness of the presentation of your repair material. I intend to fix my speakers according to your scheme. But I have not found it on Ali already (an adjustable voltage regulator). Please, tell me which ones. characteristics from him. (I am in electronics oak and I can only put rivets with a soldering iron)
Even the highest quality speakers are not immune to damage. They can be caused by a variety of reasons. If the speaker suddenly stopped emitting sound, and during the diagnostics of the acoustic system, it became clear that the reason for this was some internal breakdown of the speaker, it is not at all necessary to contact the service center, and even more so to go to buy new equipment.
Nowadays, it is very easy to repair a column - all spare parts are available for sale, all that remains is to find the necessary tools and carefully study the technology for repairing speakers.In order for everything to work out exactly, you can watch the corresponding video and simply follow the proposed instructions step by step.
If you have any difficulties with disassembling the speakers, you can read this article.
The main part of any speaker is a dynamic emitter, which converts an electrical signal into sound waves. He also breaks down most often. What are the most common speaker malfunctions?
All breakdowns of emitters are usually associated with three main reasons:
improper operation;
factory defect - the use of low-quality parts or errors in the assembly of the device;
natural wear and tear of acoustic equipment.
It is very simple to attribute breakdown to one of the reasons - in the event of a defect during production, the speakers, as a rule, break down within a short time after purchase, natural wear and tear, on the contrary, takes a very long time - if used correctly, even cheap high-quality speakers can last at least a dozen years ... Thus, sudden breakdown most often refers to errors when working with speakers.
The main reason for breakdowns during the operation of speakers is non-compliance with the permissible power limit of the signal supplied to the emitter. Most often this is due to the fact that the user is mistaken when determining the power of the speaker and amplifier. This is very easy to do, since the cardinality can be calculated using several methods. The values of the effective, sinusoidal and amplitude powers can be strikingly different from each other - the excess when taking into account the wrong type of power can exceed 200%. Of course, the column burns out the first time it is connected to the network.
Overloading dynamic radiators is quite common in loudspeaker systems with multiple speakers. In such a speaker, the power of the electrical signal may not be properly distributed between the tweeter, mid-range loudspeaker and subwoofer. Typically, Twitter, which requires significantly less power than its counterparts, becomes a victim of such a problem. The power of the tweeter is usually no more than 1/10 of the total power of the speaker. If the user tries to apply more current to the twitter by over-boosting the ultra-high frequencies with the EQ, the fragile high-frequency emitter can break instantly.
In addition to electrical problems, mechanical damage to any element of the speaker may also occur. Usually it is protected by a fabric or metal decorative grill, but damaging the emitter is, nevertheless, quite simple. The cap that protects the device from dust, the suspension of the diffuser and the membrane itself may be damaged - a thin film, often paper, which is extremely easy to break or pierce. The consequences of these damages can be very serious: centering is disturbed, which causes the coil or sleeve to break, making sound reproduction physically impossible. The same result is caused by the displacement of the core from the center of the speaker - in this case, the most important parts of the device get stuck in a magnetic trap.
As a rule, such breakdowns are caused by very inaccurate handling of the speakers - most often, the fall of the device. In this case, fragile portable speakers made of not the most durable materials can be damaged, as well as massive floor-standing speakers with high power. Although the latter, of course, are better protected from mechanical damage.
All parts of a column usually stick together, and improper adhesion can cause stationary parts to move from their intended places. Even the diffuser may come off, as a result of which it will not be possible to vibrate it and, accordingly, receive sound waves. Poor fastening of moving parts and wires significantly reduces the resource of the column, and normal wear and tear occurs too quickly.
When properly assembled, the most fragile parts of the device - the suspension and flexible leads - that is, the diffuser holder and the wire that feeds the signal to the coil, suffer most from wear.
It seems that distinguishing mechanical damage from electrical damage is very simple - just remove the protective panel and inspect the speaker for damage. If everything is in order with the integrity of the parts, then the breakdown is associated with the electrical part. However, by ear and eye it is difficult to distinguish some types of breakdowns - for example, a malfunction of the flexible lead of the coil. In this case, most often the sound does not disappear completely - the speaker can emit extraneous sounds and from time to time become silent.
To determine the breakage of the flexible lead, as well as coil faults, an ohmmeter is used, which is connected to the speaker terminals with a static membrane. If the needle starts twitching, that's where the problem is. To fix the breakdown, you will have to disassemble the speaker, separate the broken parts and install new ones - you can buy them at any radio store.
With the help of a low-frequency generator and infrasound, it is possible to calculate the unstuck coil, part of its turns, as well as the diffuser that has moved away from the suspension. In this case, extraneous sounds will appear. They will be heard at a specific frequency when the damaged part of the speaker resonates with the sound.
As for more serious breakdowns, they are calculated much easier - even special tools are not needed:
lightly shake the speaker - if something rolls inside, it means that the coil has fallen off the sleeve;
take a closer look at the diffuser - if it moves reluctantly, it means that the influence of the coil on it has decreased - probably due to the displacement of the coil, the sleeve is stuck between the magnets;
if the diaphragm does not move, it is possible that the coil is stuck together with the sleeve due to the displacement of the core.
In the last two cases, the repair consists in releasing the sleeve, then disassembling the device and eliminating the cause of the problem. It is impossible to disassemble the speaker while the sleeve is between the magnets - this can also damage the diffuser membrane.
Repair can be carried out in two situations - with free access to the terminals, in which case it is not required to disassemble the speaker, and with the device closed. In the first case, of course, the repair is much simpler. Due to the presence of magnets inside the speaker, it is advisable to use a non-steel instrument, if there is one, as magnetising it can damage the membrane or cap.
The pigtail is bonded to the solenoid coil's own wiring. To separate these parts, you need to warm up the gluing place with a soldering iron and carefully tear the old pigtail from the coil. You need to act carefully so as not to damage functional parts.
The new lead is best purchased from speaker suppliers. But you can do it yourself - for this, any stranded copper wire with the same cross section as the original part is used. It must be twisted in the same way as for the flexible terminal to be replaced. All veins are glued together with special glue and tinned. Then the spare part must be glued to the coil terminal and securely fixed on the inner surface of the diffuser.
The complexity of disassembly depends only on the type of glue used in the manufacture of the emitter. If the structure has been fastened with epoxy resin, disassembling the device can be very problematic. But if the glue used is dissolved with acetone or alcohol, you can safely proceed to the repair work. It is advisable to use acetone, even if the glue dissolves better with ethyl acetate - its toxicity is much lower, so the work will be safer for health.
Disassembly proceeds in the following order:
The suspension is peeled off. This must be done carefully so as not to damage it. Acetone is carefully poured under the suspension using a pipette.When the glue begins to dissolve, a match or a toothpick is inserted into the unstuck place as a support. Moving around the entire circumference, peel off the entire suspension in the same way.
The centering washer comes off. This can be done either from the side of the housing or from the side of the diffuser.
After removing these two parts, you will have full access to the internals of the speaker. Then it will be possible to repair any of its parts: it is best to remove and replace them, although you can try and replace, for example, winding the coil with your own hands. However, without the experience of such work, the result is unlikely to be satisfactory.
VIDEO VIDEO
Columns of any type, like any equipment, need careful handling and proper care. This applies not only to correct connection and operation, but also to respect for the device c. 8029
Everyone wants their beloved, carefully assembled speaker system to always emit only the purest sound. Unfortunately, this is not always possible. Even the best speakers suffer from time to time. 7498
Music speakers, like all other elements of a modern acoustic system, are some of the most reliable electrical products. They rarely bother users. 4580
A TV is one of those devices that generally require the highest quality. 32052
The software that manages the sound card needs to be updated later. 25580
Headphones are indispensable in a variety of situations - they are used at home when needed. 24450
To play your favorite tunes, a person needs more than the music files themselves and the device. 20713
Headphones are very simple devices, and, as a rule, they are reliably protected from various. 18630
There are many sound systems on the acoustic market today - they can be. 18569
Headphones are a useful device in many situations, which, with proper quality, is quite. 18421
Nowadays, no sound system of any kind is complete without good. 16413
Well, good all the time of the day chtol)))
In general, I don’t want to write much, in short the essence ...
Well, I repeat, these columns are somewhere for a vskidku years 8 9 at least probably)))
The diagnosis was quite funny, the diff, well, not directly jammed tightly, but it was sooooo difficult to move and get into a wedge in any position, the hand did not rise to the wedge)))
And then, an idea hit me in my head, why not try to disassemble it to Vinik Din and clean it and if it’s not something to repair)))
Speaker systems can be active or passive. Internally, they have different microcircuits used to process audio.
Before you start repairing your loudspeakers, you should know how the system works. This is necessary in order not to harm her in the process of performing certain actions.
Reel to reel. Their principle of operation resembles the operation of a gas water heater (used to heat water). The ring of the magnet makes it move due to the formation of current in it. Note: the device will work as long as all the turns of the coil are intact. Therefore, if the coil speaker does not work, then first of all you should pay attention to the integrity of the coil.
Tape. In this case, the variable magnet is a narrow corrugation.
Note: it is their presence or absence that allows you to quickly find out the type of speaker.
Isodynamic, which include a square or round spiral. It carries out circular movements together with the membrane, being under the influence of a magnetic field.
Electrostatic speakers. Their main difference is that they work without any movement. The current is initially already in the circuit, so you do not need to take any action for it to be formed.
Note: They are ideal for high-frequency speakers.
Capacitor, which includes two electrodes. One of them is quite massive, since it performs an important function - the supply of variable potential.
There are also other types of speakers, but only the most popular and common ones were considered.
The speakers work as follows:
Thin wires go to the cap located on the membrane. The cap itself is attached with a diffuser.
The coil should be light, as it is necessary to achieve low inertia in the system. After all, the frequency of oscillations in the dynamics is enormous, therefore, in order to move at such a speed, the moving part of the speaker does not have to be heavy.
The magnet is stationary. Most often it is in the shape of a ring. A coil with an induced current is located in the hole. Speaker repair is a fairly straightforward process. The cap and membrane rarely break.
VIDEO The old turns should be removed.
Wrap inductance on the coil as it was on the old one.
Each layer should be carefully greased with glue so that the turns are not moving.
Note: it is because of the high mobility that the turns can break. Therefore, you need to do everything possible to ensure that they are fixed in the best possible way.
The wire can be wound in any convenient way. The simplest option is to take two racks.
Note: the wire must be lacquered.
The coils fall on top of each other. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that there is a sufficient number of revolutions.
Acoustic speaker in the car
Quite often, in the process of repairing loudspeakers, you have to disassemble the speakers. Therefore, you should stock up on solvent before starting repairs.
According to eyewitnesses, during the operation of the amplifier, there was a sudden strong click in the speakers, and the sound disappeared from all speakers.
We begin the repair of computer speakers with a superficial examination. He did not reveal any suspicious changes. The power LED lights up when the amplifier is connected to the network, which indicates the passage of voltage through the network cord - transformer - rectifier - printed circuit board. There are no extraneous odors, the transformer and radiator with a line of ULF TDA2030 microcircuits do not heat up.
We connect the control speaker to one of the channels and touch the input terminal TDA2030 on the board through a screwdriver. Strong hum at 50Hz is heard from the speaker. The same is in the subwoofer - it means that the amplifier microcircuits themselves are working. Now check the rest of the voltages. The input signal control board contains a processor and a few simple switch chips.
Power for this entire small-signal path is provided by three KRENKs (78LXX). One 5-volt for the processor voltage, and two 12-volts, such as 78L12, for the rest of the microcircuits. Here is one of them and was covered. The output of the 78L12 stabilizer is zero.
This stuff is enough at hand, so I immediately re-solder it to a new one, obviously working. Check: the computer amplifier is working, all five channels and the subwoofer are playing.
Diagnostics and testing within an hour showed excellent work of the ULF. The patient is resuscitated. All systems are normal. End of recording.
In the practice of repairing electronic equipment, there are often cases when the repair of the device does not make sense due to its low cost or the lack of the necessary replacement part on sale.
Even on fairly large radio markets, it is sometimes difficult to find the necessary electronic component.
So, when repairing a portable speaker system, I was unable to purchase a microcircuit PAM8403 to replace the faulty one.
And, although the portable speaker itself is quite cheap (about $ 20-30), its repair may be justified for personal use.
The electronics of a portable stereo are pretty simple.
Find out what's inside cheap portable speakers here.
Consider repair portable speaker stereo SP-2 .
When checking portable “speakers”, it turned out that the amplifier produces rather strong signal distortions, noticeable by ear even at minimum volume.
The miniature dynamic loudspeakers were tested for mechanical problems. The speakers turned out to be working properly.
The cause of the malfunction was the amplifier microcircuit - PAM8403.
PAM8403 - amplifier integrated circuit class D specially designed for mobile devices such as portable DVD players, portable speakers, laptops, LCD monitors.
Despite its tiny size (16-pin (SOP-16) SMD package), the PAM8403 has very impressive performance. It includes two amplifiers, each of which can deliver 3 watts of maximum sound power. The supply voltage can be from 2.5 to 5.5 volts. The microcircuit is very economical due to the fact that it works in class D (pulse).
Attempts to purchase the PAM8403 chip have ended in failure.
It was decided to find the simplest replacement for this microcircuit.
Scrolling through the guide to modern integrated circuits, the choice fell on a small-sized amplifier microcircuit TDA2822 .
TDA2822 is a fairly common microcircuit, very often used in cheap Chinese sound-reproducing equipment - cassette players, small-sized radio tape recorders.
It includes two amplifiers with a maximum output sound power of about 1 watt. Supply voltage from 1.8 to 12 volts. Naturally than the higher the supply voltage, the higher the power developed by the microcircuit ... It is possible to turn on the TDA2822 in bridged mode (for one speaker - mono mode).
The microcircuit does not require a large number of external elements. The schematic diagram is shown in the figure.
Of course, when replacing the PAM8403 microcircuit with the TDA2822, it is necessary to make a printed circuit board, or to assemble the amplifier using the surface mounting method. Many electronic circuitry assemblies for portable “speakers” can be used. For example, there is no need for volume controls R1.1 and R1.2, it is already in a portable speaker system. It remains to solder the amplifier to the TDA2822, connect the power supply from the existing 5-volt battery and the volume control to the microcircuit.
At the moment, it is not difficult to repair portable speakers, since all kinds of ready-made modules based on PAM8403 or analogs are widely sold.
Such electronic modules can be purchased via the Internet, for example, on Aliexpress. Here is the link to the issue.
The modules are very tiny and can be built in to replace a burnt-out microcircuit. You just need to solder the signal wires of the right (R) and left (L) channel, apply a 5V supply voltage, connect the outputs (R OUT and L OUT) to the speakers.
You can even find amplifier modules with Bluetooth that can be paired with an Android smartphone or tablet. In terms of sound quality, modules based on the CSR8635 chip are better than their counterparts on the OVC3860. The sound has a pleasant bass and does not hurt the ear with an obvious abundance of high frequencies. It should be noted that the sound quality depends on the quality of the connection. So, when transferring files in parallel via bluetooth and playing music from a smartphone, the wireless channel is noticeably cut. This leads to the fact that the codec compresses the audio stream, which is immediately noticeable by ear.
It is not worth overpaying for a module on the CSR8645 chip, which, unlike CSR8635, supports the AptX codec, since most AptX devices are simply not supported. Therefore, it makes no sense to buy a more expensive module based on CSR8645, the capabilities of which will not be realized in practice.
The only remaining difficulty in repairing portable speakers is the high cost of the speakers. If you have faulty small-sized speakers, then there is no point in changing them, since a pair of speakers for replacement will cost almost the same amount as a new portable speaker.
It is worth mentioning that now all kinds of fake replicas of famous (and very expensive) portable speakers like JBL Charge 3 are in circulation.
Naturally, they break.Sometimes they are simply poured over with water, since they believe that this is an original product that can actually be immersed in water.
As it turned out, these Bluetooth speakers are made on the basis of cheap boards. In the one that came across to me, the main microcircuit was AC1720AP11057-5A8 , which is responsible for bluetooth, control, work in conjunction with a USB-input and an MMC card reader.
In addition to it, the printed circuit board contains a pair of MIX2052 amplifier microcircuits and a charge / discharge controller for a Li-ion battery.
Video (click to play).
All on the same Aliexpress you can find cheap wireless sound modules based on AC17xxAP chips, for example AC1721AP10242-5A8 ... Here is the link. Many of them are suitable for replacing a faulty board.
