DIY light trailer repair

In detail: do-it-yourself repair of a light trailer from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

Transportation of large loads is a fairly frequent necessity in the life of many motorists. As practice shows, the trunk of a car is often not very suitable. The ideal solution in this case would be to use a car trailer. It should be noted that the caravan is quite relevant not only for household needs, but is also actively used by car travelers.

The first thing a person needs to know who decides to make a car trailer on their own is that certain requirements are imposed on it, like any vehicle. In this case, all the requirements are detailed in GOST 37.001.220-80, which is called "Trailers for passenger cars". In order not to load motorists with reading the original source, it is worth making a selection of relevant information specifically on the issue under discussion.

So, a car trailer must meet the following requirements:

After the entire set of materials and tools is assembled, you can proceed directly to the assembly of the structure.

The instruction will allow you to do everything quickly and efficiently.

For the transportation of large and bulky goods over long distances, we are accustomed to using freight transport of various tonnages, and a wheelbarrow is also great for moving heavy loads inside a subsidiary farm. But what if you need to transport not very bulky cargo over an average distance. In this case, using a wheelbarrow is inconvenient and requires significant energy consumption, and hiring a specially designed truck is not at all cost-effective. For such purposes, a trailer is perfect, for which a car, a mini-tractor, and even a walk-behind tractor can become a tractor.

Video (click to play).

All this is presented in the household subsidiary plots, but, so to speak, in miniature. For example, even a wheelbarrow will do for intra-farm transportation.

You can also hire a truck to deliver goods from afar. But when transporting heavy loads over medium distances, the wheelbarrow turns out to be unproductive, and the truck is unprofitable. And therefore, for my backyard, I decided to make a trailer with my own hands, and such that it could be used as a tractor for it as a trailer for a walk-behind tractor, and, if necessary, a passenger car.

You can make such a light trailer with your own hands. For its manufacture, you can use spare parts and parts that are found in the garage or on disassembly.

The frame will be made from two side members and two crossbeams (front and rear crossbeams). And the platform lattice consists of five crossbars, which are placed between the traverses. The beams and traverses relative to the side members should have cantilever outlets of a small size. Longitudinal parts must be welded to the ends of the outlets. They will play the role of strapping the frames of the sides of the trailer. You can weld the racks to these parts, and the upper straps to the racks.

The spars are made of 60 × 30 mm rectangular pipes. All the other parts of the frame and body frame listed above (traverses, cross members, struts, strapping) are made of a steel square pipe with a cross section of 25 × 25 mm.

The front and rear sides of the body are the same. They are made folding (this allows you to transport long loads on a trailer), and therefore their frames, although they are all made of the same square tube 25 × 25 mm, are made separately from the general body frame. The platform lattice is closed from above with a 2-mm duralumin sheet, which forms the floor of the body, and the sides are sheathed outside with thick sheet metal - 0.8-mm steel sheet.The floor is pulled to the grille with M5 countersunk head bolts, and the side sheathing is neatly (dotted) welded to the straps and uprights.

The beam of the bridge also has a tubular rectangular cross-section: it is welded from two identical sections of channel No. 5 inserted into one another. Two wheel axles are pre-welded at the ends of one of them. The gaps between them and the channel bars of the beam at the ends were covered with plates made of steel sheet.

The beam is connected to the frame side members by means of two springs used from the old Moskvich-412 car; 13-inch wheels were taken from the same car. The middle of the springs are attracted to the beam by stepladders, and their ends are attached to the spars: one is put on the axis of the bracket, and the other is on the axis of the earring. I considered shock absorbers in the design of a simplified cargo trailer for a passenger car to be superfluous.

With such a suspension, the distance from the ground to the platform was about 600 mm, which, as shown by the operation, is quite acceptable.

The drawbar of a homemade trailer is two-beam. It is made of the same rectangular pipe with a cross section of 60 × 30 mm as the side members. The rear ends of the drawbar arms are docked and welded to the front ends of the side members with a 200mm overlap. The front ends of the beams converge on the body of the towing hitch and are also welded to it. I have it homemade, but with my trailer I never go on public roads (and this is not necessary). The technical requirements simply prohibit the use of homemade towing hitch devices.

The trailer does not have any hand-made brakes either - I use the brakes of the tractor to stop or slow down the speed of movement. But the signaling devices - the taillights with turn signals and brake lights - have been installed - so that my actions are always clear to the accomplices of the movement on the road.

A car is not a luxury, as pedestrians believe. Man has stepped far in development, having mastered mechanized wheeled technology. Today, this vein, although not so strong, but no less intrusive, continues to excite the minds of car enthusiasts from large factories to garage workshops. It is in this order. After all, the latter have fewer resources with a much greater desire to experiment. Designing a trailer for a car with your own hands is a suitable goal.The reason why a homemade trailer for a car is chosen by drivers: individual parameters, cost. Serial manufacturers offer any modification, but the further from the base, the higher the price. Why is this necessary if a pair of wheels, a metal profile and a tool are lying around in the garage. Registration will not cost more, and the experience gained is invaluable. Before constructing the future pride of the street, you need to understand the types of homemade car trailers.Business and industry use professional trailers equipped with special equipment for a specific cargo. They are distinguished by additional carrying capacity, the ability to work it out with high quality under various conditions. Some components are manufactured at the factory using sophisticated technology that cannot be controlled in a garage: zinc plating, strong welding.Therefore, you should not swing a trailer over 750 kg, moreover, it assumes the category "E". But if this state of affairs does not suit the motorist, then he challenges the universal biaxial design and tests as he pleases. Before the first modification.The choice of the type of trailer depends on what to transport and what materials for manufacturing are lying around. A four-millimeter corner or profile, two wheels of a domestic car, a set of springs, wires with lanterns are already bringing the unit into the class of self-made single-axle trailers up to 750 kg. Plywood for the sides and bottom is not a scarce thing, unlike thick sheet metal, which still needs to be cut. The main thing is not to skimp on the coupling mechanism.The implementation of the connection unit will not do with bolts and nuts alone. For increased safety of a homemade trailer, it is better to buy a special fastener for the towbar. Those who decided to create a light caravan with their own hands already know what a trailer is and what they are, but the information on the standards for the manufacture of tsu devices will make it possible to operate the miracle of technology even after the first stop of the traffic police.Firstly, this is a simplified list of requirements of GOST 37.001.220-80, given below:

Permitted trailer weight up to:

1.8 t;
Not heavier than the mass of the tug or half of it, when the towbar is without brakes;
Allowed length no more than:
- 8 m;
- No longer than a car one and a half times;
- Allowed width no more than:
  - 230 cm;
  - No wider than the car by 20 cm on both sides;
  - Allowed height no more:
    - 3m;
    - Not higher than the wheel track of the trailer by 1.8 times;
    - The center of gravity with a load is not higher than the track width multiplied by 0.725;
    - The ground clearance is not less than the car's clearance;
    - A homemade car trailer can only be single-axle. (A tandem axle is also a uniaxial design, although it is called biaxial in the motorist environment). The distance between the axes of the paired structure is up to 1 m;
    - The trailer must have a load on each side of no more than 0.55% of its own weight;
    - Hitch load 25-100 kgf.
    - The coupling device must be equipped with:
      - One-piece cable, chain in case of sudden disconnection of the trailer hitch from the car while driving;
      - Homemade anti-rollbacks (shoes);
      - Jacking pad;
      - Removable lever brake;
      - Mudguards, fenders;
      - Signboard for the sign;
      - Stable support;
      - Spare wheel similar to the vehicle;
      - Lights, wiring and plug.

Making a light trailer with your own hands, based on the above information, encourages the master to draw a future model and search for materials of the appropriate size.Basic drawings exist. But there is one nuance: they involve direct assembly with components, the absence of which can puzzle or even scare off the idea of making a trailer with your own hands. The efficient path combines economy, the desire to cut, cook, twist and the ability to give a credible result. Therefore, it is worth listing the parts necessary for manufacturing and dividing them into homemade and purchased ones:

Square rolled metal 30x60 mm or 25x25 mm is suitable for a frame, a stand, additional stiffening ribs. Although for the latter, a corner of 40 mm is also suitable. U-shaped channel is suitable for bridge beams.

The sides and bottom are made of 10-12 mm thick multi-layer plywood or 0.8 mm galvanized iron sheet. When combined, you get an economical option. In any case, the structure fasteners for the sides must unite the body.

The chassis is easier to find on the analysis of "Zhiguli" or "Moskvich". It includes:

Axis;
Hubs;
Springs;
Spring earrings;
Stepladder with lining;
Shock absorbers;
Wheels.

A complete find will be good luck, and a separate selection with knowledge will not take much time. The suspension solution is 70%. If you buy an independent torsion bar or rubber-harness suspension, the rest of the chassis will have to be bought due to the least versatility. Few people like to bore a purchased spare part for old components. Shock absorbers are worth buying new ones.

Fasteners and fasteners for sidewalls are common in hardware stores.
Three mm rope or chain.
Electrics are made from stranded cables. But you need to buy flashlights with an outlet.
Clamping on the towbar - that's what it is undesirable to save on.

To make a two-axle trailer for a car yourself, you need the same material, only in a double name. With the correct procedure, the first thing will be the ability to cook metal, and the last is to find an awning or material for its manufacture. If you haven't cooked, you need to contact an expert, having previously prepared everything that needs to be welded.At the design stage, the tipper system must be taken into account. If it is conceived, then the body structure needs hinge mechanisms and separate strength amplifiers.

You cannot pass by drawing up a drawing. The preparatory steps may not leave numbers in memory. Visibility provides visual control, understanding of the assembly, moreover, if there is help from the master when welding or milling. Summing up the collection of material, components, tools will give permission to start actions:

Cutting the channel begins with measuring the sections of the required length.
The sawn-off parts of the frame are laid on a flat surface for welding. Smooth corners and planes will ensure accurate fixing of the sides. Stiffening ribs are boiled next. A system of spars (longitudinal) and traverses (transverse parts).
Before welding the brackets for the springs, measure one meter from the rear of the trailer to the expected middle of the axle beam. There will be a weld point. The axis should be off-center towards the tailgate. Shock absorber mountings are also welded.
Whether V-shaped or straight, it can be detachable. Then you need to weld brackets with bolt holes. The drawbar is centered.
This is followed by the installation of the chassis: axles, springs, shock absorbers. Hubs and wheels are installed.
The inverted frame with wheels is further assembled. A towing hitch is installed. It needs attention. The option of fixing it on the towbar and rolling the trailer over the drawbar to the car is suitable. The hitch with the drawbar can be welded or bolted, collapsible. We must not forget about the installation of cables and safety chains.
The order of installation of the bottom and sides follows from the drawing. But after trying them on, they must be removed to fix the wiring with lighting devices.
Reversing lights, turn signals, dimensions and brake light correspond to the lighting of the car. For parallel connection, use the appropriate connector: plug. The socket is located on the towbar.
After checking the installed units, the wings are mounted.

I will not talk specifically about how to do this or that tuning. Is it possible to change the design at all? This is the first question to be answered.

Let me put it this way. Some changes may not require you to make any adjustments to your documents. But the cardinal tuning will potentially become the subject of disputes with road service employees.

Therefore, before converting your ordinary car trailer into a camper or using it as a motorhome, consult the traffic police for advice.

Tuning requires the receipt of appropriate certificates of changes in the design of the vehicle. You will have to go through a number of offices, pay state fees, stand in lines, etc.

Although many simply ignore it. They modernize the trailer as they wish, and on the spot with the traffic police they find out how legal it is and how to get around such bans. If you want to get rid of unnecessary stops on the roads and incomprehensible fines, go through the lengthy, but legal procedure for reissuing the trailer. This is the best option, in my opinion.

Well, or instead of altering PVC for a boat, immediately buy yourself a trailer designed and certified for just such purposes. Alteration is a troublesome business, although it is always pleasant to observe the results of the work done with your own hands.

Indeed, why take and change a ready-made trailer, if initially you were quite satisfied with its scheme or design ?! The question is purely personal and depends on the individual needs of the car owner.

Let's take some good trailers as an example:

Good vehicles with technical characteristics enviable for many manufacturers. But if suddenly there is a need to use them for transporting boats or for transporting a motorcycle, then they will not be able to cope with such tasks.

Yes, for trips to their dachas and loading several bags of potatoes harvested in the garden, any standard trailers are perfect. But I want something different and more.

I would highlight several main goals that car owners pursue when deciding to change a trailer:

improve functionality;
to increase the indicators of carrying capacity;
change the reliability parameters for the better;
to modernize purely the appearance of the vehicle.

Now let's go through each of the points separately and decide what can be done in a given situation with our factory standard trailer vehicle.

If you are concerned about the issue of reliability, then it is better to immediately take for yourself a more expensive and more stable to all loads and influences trailer. Then you don't have to think about whether he can last 5-10 years.

To reduce the wear rate, that is, to increase the reliability of your car, truck or boat trailer, you can:

make the skin of the body and the bottom of the trailer using ordinary plywood;
change the standard optics to LED, which lasts longer and less loads the car's electrical network;
apply an anti-corrosion agent to the body;
treat the body with high quality paint;
put up an awning (we talked about it separately here in this article).

The option with replacing the hubs, upgrading the suspension and other improvements is possible. The transition of the Pchelka trailer to springs with a standard torsion bar is very popular. It has a good effect on the reliability, performance and behavior of the trailer on the road of different quality. So it's worth considering.

Many are more interested in the functional side of the trailer, that is, its ability to provide various additional features.

lengthening the standard drawbar for the transportation of bulky goods;
transition to wheels R13 or more to increase cross-country ability;
installation of auxiliary structures inside the trailer;

Everything here is limited only by your imagination, needs and real possibilities.It is clear that it will not work to make a whole huge mobile home out of a small cheap trailer.

Yes, modernizing a boat into a cargo trailer is a more complicated process, because you have to create a frame, sides, and install an awning with your own hands. It is easier to make a boat out of a cargo boat, because all unnecessary structures are removed and the corresponding limiters and fasteners are mounted. And that's it, the vehicle for transporting the boat is ready.

There are many examples of photos and videos where craftsmen slightly changed the design of caravans, or turned them into a real work of art. There is always something to rely on, where to get examples and inspiration.

If you need to transport goods weighing up to 1.3 tons, then it is enough to have a regular single-axle trailer.

But sometimes it is required to increase the carrying capacity, for which one more axle is added. From uniaxial we get biaxial. A good decision if it justifies itself from the standpoint of active exploitation.

Get ready to queue up and do the paperwork. Such a conversion into a two-axle vehicle requires re-registration of the trailer with the traffic police. Otherwise, fines cannot be avoided, or even more serious consequences of illegal alterations.

The owner does not always need to change its technical and functional characteristics in a trailer. But the standard appearance is depressing, which suggests an idea to change something from an aesthetic point of view.

We turn on imagination and get to work. The most common ones are:

installation of new optics;
installation of original reflectors;
body painting;
modernization of beautiful protection;
replacement of the awning;
installation of LED strips for illumination around the perimeter;
replacement of disks and tires.

The trailer is a huge space for creativity. There are no clear frameworks and restrictions here.

Do not forget that any interference in the structure may become a reason for a traffic police officer to stop you, issue a fine or even a ban on operation until you receive official documents and certificates of re-registration.

Thank you for your attention! Share in the comments your experience of tuning and alteration of caravans and do not forget to tell your friends about us!

(2 estimates, average: 5,00 out of 5)

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If factory trailers for cars do not suit you with something and you decide to make a two-axle trailer for a car with your own hands, then this article is for you.

If you want the State Traffic Inspectorate to allow you to operate your homemade trailer, you need to do it yourself in accordance with the requirements of GOST 37.001. 220-80 "Trailers for passenger cars". For those who do not want to read the original source, we will briefly outline the main restrictions imposed by this document on trailers for passenger cars.

If you decide to make a trailer for a car with your own hands, you will need the following parts and materials.

Traction hitch - 1 pc.

Rear hub axle from a front-wheel drive vehicle - 2 pcs.

Rear hub from the same car as the axle - 2 pcs.

Springs from any machine - 2 pcs.

Spring rear end earring –2 pcs.

Padded stepladders - 2 sets.

Shock absorbers - 2 pcs.

Steel pipe with a section of 30 by 60 mm (2 sections of 190 cm - spars; 2 of 122 cm - beams of the drawbar).

Steel pipe 25 by 25 mm (4 sections of 190 cm each - the bottom and top of the strapping of the side boards; 8 sections of 40 cm each - the racks of the side boards; 4 sections of 119 cm each - the bottom and top of the front and rear boards; 7 sections of 114 cm - cross members).

2 pieces of U-shaped channel # 5 for the manufacture of the bridge beam.

Hinge hinge - 4 pcs.

Side fixing device - 4 pcs.

Rear lights - 2 pcs.

Stranded insulated wires.

Plywood 10 mm thick - 1 sheet (size 1.9 x 1.14 m).

Sheet steel 0.8 mm thick.

Chain or rope Ø 3 mm - 2 pieces of 20 cm.

From the tool you need a welding machine, a grinder and an electric drill.

Fold the sections of the channel so that you get a rectangular pipe, and tighten them with clamps. Boil the joints. Weld the hub axles to the ends. Attach the resulting bridge beam to the springs using ladders.

Spread out the side members, traverses and cross members on a level surface.

Cook them to size.

Turn the structure over and weld the brackets for attaching the front ends of the springs to the side members. This must be done so that from the middle of the beam of the installed bridge to the rear edges of the side members is about 950 mm.

Weld the drawbar and attach the tow bar to it.

Screw the front ends of the springs to the brackets, and the rear ends through the earrings to the side members.

Install the hubs on the axles, and the wheels on them.

Place the trailer on wheels.

Fix the towbar on the ball of the car's towbar.

Roll up the trailer to the drawbar.

Fold the drawbar arms over the side members. Secure the alignment with clamps.

Remove the towbar from the hook, roll the trailer away from the machine and weld the connection of the drawbar to the side members.

Sheathe the sides with sheet metal. Make the floor by attaching the plywood to the crossbars with countersunk self-tapping screws. Cut the wings out of sheet metal and attach them to the sides with brackets. Prime and paint the structure. Attach the lanterns and route the wiring. Use a chain or cable to make the tow hitch insurance. Only after that you can proceed to registration.

Do you want a dual axle? Weld 2 bridge beams, buy 4 short springs and set everything so that the distance between the axles is no more than a meter.

A homemade trailer, which can be used without fear, must be registered with the MREO GBDD. To register, you must have:

Conclusion of a technical examination on the compliance of a self-made vehicle with the requirements of GOST001. 220-80. Where it is possible to make such an examination, you need to clarify in the MREO. Since the conclusion issued by a laboratory not accredited by the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate may be invalidated.
Receipts confirming the purchase of parts and materials used for the manufacture of the vehicle.
A certificate for the hitch hinge (that's why we advise you to buy it, and not do it yourself).
A copy of your passport.
A copy of the traction vehicle registration certificate.
Application addressed to the head of MREO with a request to register a homemade trailer.
Receipt for payment of state duty.
4 photos of homemade products taken from different sides (10 by 15 cm).

If you submit all these documents, then you will be admitted to the technical inspection. A positive technical inspection result will be the basis for registering a self-made vehicle.

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Often in the garages of car owners there is an unnecessary load of various rubbish, which it is a pity to throw out, but he did not find a use. You need to delve into these things and see, maybe something will work for making homemade products. What can come in handy:

wheels and springs from an old car, disassembled for parts;
pieces of sheet iron;
channel or corner;
various fasteners (nuts, bolts);
pieces of car wiring.

For yourself, you need to decide what should be the carrying capacity of the car trailer (AP) - the passport data of the car indicates the maximum weight of the trailer it is designed for. If some material is not enough, you will have to buy it, you will also need a plug to connect the car's wiring to the AP.

When all the necessary material has been collected, you can start drawing up a drawing. It is not too easy to draw a sketch of a future product on paper yourself, therefore, to facilitate the task, you can take a ready-made drawing from the Internet as a basis, and make your own adjustments to it in the course of creating a structure. The car owner should also remember that the homemade product will have to be registered with the traffic police, and it is important to note that the coupling device can only be used here, factory-made.

For example, a drawing of the Zhiguli enterprise can serve as an example of a future trailer, if the car itself is similar in size and carrying capacity to this car model. Any car trailer consists of the following main parts:

In any case, the frame must be rigid, so it is made of solid steel. As a rule, the body is also made of ferrous metal, but it can also be made of aluminum or wood.

A homemade car trailer usually has one axle, but it can also be two-axle. The main advantages of a two-axle trailer are:

road stability;
large carrying capacity.

But the two-axle design has its drawbacks, such a trailer:

more difficult to control, especially when manually maneuvering;
weighs a lot;
less mobile.

When making homemade products, it should be borne in mind that a uniaxial AP must be designed for a transported load weighing no more than 750 kg. Even in the rules for operating a car with trailers, it is indicated that the load on one wheel cannot exceed 700 kg.

Trailers differ in the type of use:

general purpose, for the carriage of goods;
tourist (motorhomes);
commercial;
for the transportation of boats and yachts;
special purposes.

Trailers are often equipped with an awning, and motorhomes are also popular among motorists, which are very convenient on long journeys. True, to transport such a structure, a passenger car must have sufficient carrying capacity; crossovers and SUVs are well suited for towing.

Industrial trailers have different prices, the price depends on:

from the complexity of manufacturing;
dimensions;
the quality of the materials used;
type (destination);
complete set.

The simplest general-purpose AP will be the cheapest in terms of cost, for example, you can buy a LAV-81011 trailer from the Vector company for an average of 40 thousand rubles. The characteristics of this design are as follows:

own weight - 175 kg;
weight of the transported cargo - 525 kg;
the maximum weight of the loaded AP is 700 kg.

The trailer has dimensions of 2.9 / 1.6 / 1.28 m (length / width / height), has a very good ground clearance of 167 mm. LAV-81011 is equipped with an awning, its height is 0.45 m. The sides of the body of this model can be reclined or completely removed, there are two modifications.

There are trailers and much more expensive, for example, a trailer for transporting boats costs an average of 200 to 350 thousand rubles.

For the manufacture of homemade products, first of all, designers use welding, there are motorists who only use it. Using gas welding, you can not only weld structural parts, but also cut off pieces of metal of the desired size with a cutter.

Even when assembling a homemade structure, it is often used:

angle grinder (grinder);
automotive tools (wrenches and spanners, heads with a knob and extension cords).

Having drawn up a drawing, first of all, the home-builders start making the frame. For its assembly, a steel channel is very often used so that the metal can withstand the load well, its cross-section must be at least 25x50 mm. Also, the frame is often made of a metal pipe, but it is more convenient to work with a channel.

The rolled metal is first cut to the dimensions indicated in the drawing, then the sections of the channel profile are welded together. After welding the main body, the skeleton should be reinforced with additional stiffeners, otherwise the structure will be unreliable.

If you plan to create a trailer with springs, brackets should be welded to the frame. The springs will be attached to the frame base with bolts and nuts, and the axle with the springs will be connected using ladders. The brackets are welded with a slight offset to the rear of the structure, this ensures the greatest stability of the homemade trailer.

Further, the drawbar should be welded to the frame, and a towing device should be mounted at its end. If the junction of the trailer with the car is made too long, it will not be very convenient to drive the trailer, it will be especially difficult to make reverse maneuvers. It is necessary to weld the drawbar strictly in the center, otherwise the trailer will be pulled to the side. Even for a uniaxial structure, it is necessary to distribute the weight so that the main load of the empty AM falls approximately on the center. If the "rear" of the bogie is heavier, the force on the hitch will increase, and it will be in constant tension.

At the end of the connecting unit, a part of the coupling device is installed, the hitch can be fixed to the drawbar rigidly by welding, or by bolts and nuts.

Next, you should deal with the body, the easiest way is to make it out of plywood or wood. The plywood floor is screwed to the base with bolts and nuts; it is better to make the sides of a more durable material - wood or sheet iron. Also, it will not be superfluous to upholster the floor with sheets of iron, plywood can quickly be scratched and worn out.

But the assembly of the trailer does not end there, it is still necessary to install the rear lights, connect the wiring. Two-axle trailers are often equipped with brakes, the braking system makes driving a vehicle easier. It is especially important to install brakes on a trailer for transporting heavy loads weighing more than 1400 kg.

Often, the AP is necessary for the transportation of bulk cargo - river sand, gravel or crushed stone. Unloading building materials from a conventional body is inconvenient - it takes a lot of time to unload. The task can be facilitated by installing a tipper-type body with a backward tipping mechanism on the trailer.

The frame with the axle in this design has a movable connection, and a manual body lifting mechanism is installed in front.

It is possible not to install the mechanism, but then it is necessary to weld the support in front. In this variant, the body will tilt back under its own weight when the locking device is removed.

For a homemade dump trailer, it is important that the sides tip over.

To connect the trailer to the car body, a towbar must be installed on the car. A towing hitch (Hitch) for a car consists of parts:

hinge with hook;
power beam;
sockets for connecting wires.

The industry produces towbars of various designs, there is a towbar in which the hook is welded to the beam by welding, and together with the hinge, it is a single, monolithic structure. But more often hinges with a removable hook are produced, and this version of the device has the advantage - in case of damage to the coupling connection or wear of the ball, the coupling can always be replaced.

There are also tow bars where the ball can be removed from the hook, and it can be changed separately. Many towbars are equipped with a safety device that prevents the complete loss of the connection between the car and the trailer; it is necessary for safety reasons.

Any self-made car trailer must be registered with the traffic police, for this you need to provide:

sales and cash receipts for components and parts purchased for assembling a homemade structure;
four photos 10 by 15, the pictures must be from all sides of the trailer;
personal passport;
application for registration;
receipts for payment of state fees.

After registration, license plates are issued for a trailer, technical inspection for an AP with a carrying capacity of up to 3.5 tons is not needed if the trailer belongs to a private person.

Video (click to play).