DIY computer motherboard repair step by step

• Power supplies for IBM PC-XT / AT system modules (djvu in rar3.30 = 900 kb):

The revised book by A.V. Golovkov and V.B. Lyubitsky describes in detail and with numerous examples the device and principles of operation of a standard push-pull half-bridge power supply of the AT standard. (Taken here.)

• PCI Local Bus Specification Revision 2.1 (pdf in zip = 2.4 mb)
• PCI Local Bus Specification Revision 2.2 (pdf in zip = 3.5 mb)
• PCI Local Bus Specification Revision 3.0 (pdf in zip = 2.8 mb)
• Accelerated Graphics Port Interface Specification Revision 2.0 (pdf in rar 3.0 = 2.9 mb)
• AGP V3.0 Interface Specification Revision: 1.0 (pdf in rar 3.0 = 580 kb)
• AGP Pro Specification Revision: 1.1a (pdf in rar 3.0 = 1.2 mb)

Everything is quite old here, there are already many fixes and additions on the wiki.
wiki.rom.by/index.php/Category: Tutorial_by_re .

In crooked hands and the rug is buggy.

Lena, you miss us. Uryayaya.

I'm glad to see you too.

I suggest an unconditional redirect from here to the wiki.

I collected all the dead and half-dead boards of the Pentium 2-3-4 class
and decided to consider their malfunctions, and it is possible to develop some general approach to their search.

It seems that those present here will help with considerations.

It appears here. first of all, we disconnect from the patient who has turned on (usually he is still dressed in a case and entangled with wires)
Be careful not to remove the cooler with a screwdriver.
All loops, pieces of iron, we take out the boards, etc.
leaving only video, processor and memory.
turn on ..

1) It works - look at the hardware, change cables to peripheral devices, deal with resource conflicts and BIOS settings
2) Didn't help. - We change the power supply unit, processor, video card for obviously working ones (optional, if available at hand) - this helps to find out and locate the troubles. Important note -

When changing a processor, it is often necessary to control its frequency, division ratio, and generation, set by jumpers,
Modern boards usually have a Jumper-Free design, that is
with autodetection of these parameters. Or they have settings in BIOS, and reset to automatic processor detection occurs by pressing any key when turning on the computer - such as Alt-F2 or “D” or “R” or “Del” ..

When installing another AGP video card, check that it is compatible with the motherboard, otherwise the mother can be completely burned. details and differences of AGP 1.0 2.0 and 3.0 standards read at IXBT.com

The memory should also be checked. But don't confuse modern Pentium-4 DDRs with PC-100 or PC-133 DIMMs for Pentium 2-3 class machines.

Reset BIOS settings using 3-pos. jumpers near the round battery .. Usually it is signed, but often it is the only one on the entire board. it is called Clear CMOS
has 1-2Normal 2-3 Clear positions.
We put 2-3 and turn it on for a short time.
Then we go back and try again.

We take out, gently bending the holder with a fingernail,
shiny little lithium battery. we measure her tension -
it should be at least 2.5-2.8 volts. If less -
it is better to change it, it costs 10-15 rubles. It happens when the mother stands for a long time, then the voltage on the battery drops, but the mother can start up with the battery installed, although the time and BIOS settings will fly off
to the factory.

3) It didn't help - We unscrew and take out the mother - often there is a problem in the screwing points - either the case bent the motherboard, and a microcrack opened up inside it. (and in motherboards the getinax is multilayer, and the number of layers with tracks can be from 4 to 12. Therefore, you need to solder and unsolder something from it with care.) We put the board on an insulating substrate on the edge of the case, and try again by weight -
The power supply is connected to the motherboard (in Class P-4 typewriters there can be two or even more loops to supply power to the motherboard - they must all be connected!)

The rest of the power supply cables are disconnected from all devices, even the flop.

Did not help.
So - from this moment we have the motherboard in our hands.
the most important point is inspection.

First of all, we look at the capacitors-barrels. They usually
swell and interfere with work. If the conduits are swollen, then often they are immediately visible, and moreover, they have to be changed in bulk - 10 pieces at a time. This comes from overclocking, increasing the supply voltage to the processor, chipset, etc., in BIOS, often from overheating, but the main reason is low-quality cheap Chinese conductors. =)

They exchange specialists. Do not take away from them their bread, but from themselves the last hope (I remind you that the motherboards are multilayered.)

then we look inside all the bus processor connectors - AGP, PCI, memory connector, etc. - often they get foreign objects, insects, broken legs, shavings, paper, etc. ...
Such connectors also need to be changed by a specialist. In principle, they change, I have performed such organ transplants more than once.
don't try this at home.

Next, we look through a magnifying glass carefully at the tracks on the back of the board and on the surface. Often the problem is buried in them. You can see the burned-out track, and with proper qualifications and ability to work with a soldering iron and small objects, you can even eliminate this defect yourself by soldering thin wires in the burned-out place
But the problem is usually deeper - for example, if the PCI bus power track burns out - then perhaps the reason is in one of the cards, for example, in the sound card. it is better to replace a suspicious card and inspect it carefully.

The same damage includes marks from a screwdriver and other tools with which you tried to remove the fan from the processor.
The screwdriver cuts the tracks near the processor, usually in the most inaccessible place, and you will not be able to do without removing the processor socket from the board. Run to the workshop =)

! Yes, I forgot - an important part of the information about board malfunctions can be learned from the signals it sends to the speaker
or by an error code that can be read from the built-in 2-segment LED indicator on some mothers.
There was one server that generally said it all to the speaker in English =)

These codes and sounds are called POST. i.e. Power-On Self-Test or Power-On Self-Test.
I would be glad if someone posts a link or a sign ..
for example - one long BIIIP - this is a memory malfunction, Two short one long - either Video, or the keyboard is not connected. Now these codes are not at hand - maybe I will find them later, I will add them.

Now to the masters -
the only thing left is to calm the client down, once again examine everything carefully, and check the voltages on the conductors with an oscilloscope - sometimes the dried-up is indistinguishable from the worker.
There should be no “noise”. Then check the power keys.
(I will ask a more knowledgeable person to write about the procedure for this test, the only thing is that they should not call by zero.)

Also check if the voltage supplied to the board is normal. - on the connector. It happens that the “Power Good” signal from the power supply sinks with a large current consumption when the motherboard is connected, below 4 volts and the board does not turn on in principle.

What else have we forgotten?
Yes, it is possible that the BIOS flew - it was beaten by a virus - well, here it is, reprogram the mikruhu - you need a programmer, find the firmware on the Internet, it is possible to unsolder the microcircuit with the BIOS, etc.
What other malfunctions were there?

Everything that the boards could. - I have now fixed questions about the switching circuit of quartz and clock generator microcircuits,
- some of the quartz that I measured with an oscilloscope had a generation on two legs - it was mainly working quartz for working mothers .. And some mothers that do not start - have generation on only 1 quartz leg.Here I sit and break my head - maybe there is such a switching circuit? Microcircuit for example Realtec 660-109 (from memory) ..
I haven't found it in the internet yet .. 🙁
I will be glad for the info.

The motherboard is the basis of most electronic devices, on which all the main components are installed, allowing all other nodes and modules to interact.

Desktop computers typically have a large number of expansion card slots, while laptops have more than 3/4 of the electronics on the motherboard.

Our service center Compray Express has been specializing in complex hardware repairs for all models of motherboards from Asus, Asrock, Gigabyte, MSI and other manufacturers for many years.

To carry out high-quality repair and maintenance of motherboards, we have all the necessary modern professional equipment and tools. Thanks to this, the repair will be carried out at the highest level with a guarantee of 6 months.

Complicated component repair of motherboards of personal computers is carried out only in the workshop of the service center. Experts will perform the following work for you:

1. replacement of BGA components
2. soldering / soldering chips
3. repair and replacement of the north bridge
4. repair or replacement of the south bridge
5. replacement of all kinds of connectors VGA, HDMI, USB, etc.
6. repair of power supply system, control, temperature control
7. replacement and improvement of the cooling system
8. replacement of integrated controllers
9. replacement of faulty capacitors, converters
10. replacement of the integrated processor

How to determine that the motherboard is faulty on the computer? Signs that indicate your home computer's motherboard may need repair:

• the computer does not turn on, does not start, does not boot
• the computer is not working and a certain beep is heard
• the computer often freezes or restarts spontaneously
• periodically there are critical errors and "blue screen of death"
• the network card does not work, the Internet is constantly disconnected
• graphics ports not working, expansion slots
• keyboard, mouse, or USB devices are not working as expected
• BIOS settings are not saved (time, date, order of boot devices)
• no hard drives or drive detected at boot
• unable to install drivers for integrated expansion cards such as sound or graphics

The symptoms listed above are often indicative of a malfunctioning motherboard in a PC. However, since the cause may be different (for example, a faulty power supply or the failure of another component), it is important to accurately diagnose the problem.

We have the knowledge, experience and the latest equipment that allow our technicians to quickly and accurately determine the malfunction of a desktop computer, the reasons for the failure of a particular unit, and promptly make repairs.

To replace the motherboard with a similar or more efficient one, it is not necessary to take a heavy PC system unit to the workshop of a service center. At home or at the customer's office, you can quickly replace a faulty motherboard with a new one. Also, the replacement of the motherboard occurs as part of the modernization of the computer. But in these cases, if the socket is different, then the processor and other components may need to be replaced.

After watching the relevant videos on repairing motherboards, many users often decide to make a simple repair or replace the motherboard on their own. Of course, if you have experience and knowledge of such procedures, it is quite possible to make such repairs on your own at home.

But users who decide to fix a computer on their own often ask us the following questions:

• how to start the computer after replacing the motherboard
• after replacing the motherboard, the computer slows down
• after replacing the motherboard, the computer does not turn on
• after replacing the motherboard, the computer does not start
• the computer does not turn on the light on the motherboard is off
• the indicator on the motherboard is on but the computer does not turn on
• after changing the battery on the motherboard, the computer does not boot
• pulled out the battery from the motherboard the computer does not start
• the computer does not boot past the motherboard screen

The reasons can be very different: incorrect connection of wires, RAM is not inserted until it clicks, the main power supply of the board is not connected, incorrect BIOS setup, etc.

If a motherboard requires complex hardware repair and diagnostics, it is advisable to use the services of specialists who can professionally help. Compray Express always provides a guarantee for repairs from 6 months, and for motherboards up to 3 years.

How much does it cost to repair or replace a computer motherboard? Since the exact cost depends on the specific model, the nature and degree of damage, here we can only indicate the average prices. The exact cost of the repair is determined based on the diagnostic results.

Diagnostics during work is free!

Now almost every home has a personal computer. Each user can do a computer repair himself, with his own hands.

The technique is quite reliable, especially in capable hands. Also, reliability, or better to say, the lifespan, will be added to it by a surge protector or UPS (uninterruptible power supply), because it is no secret to anyone that the voltage in the electrical network periodically jumps.

This phenomenon is associated with various factors, breakdowns in the network itself or a transformer box, the inclusion of three kettles, two hair dryers and a pair of heaters in one outlet, a strong wind plays with wires, well, and so on. And some elements of the computer are afraid not only of a jump in the network, but simply of the static electricity of the human skin. So, before we climb inside the computer, we will not grab our heads, but put our hands on the battery, after which we will take up the repair of the computer with our own hands, so to speak, closely.

So, the first problem - the computer does not turn on. The first thing we do, usually, we look to see if it is included in the network, after which we press the button ten times again. If it doesn't help, panic begins. You should not panic, check if there is electricity in the house. If so, there may be several faults. The most common problem is a faulty power supply.

By itself, it looks like a box with a fan inside. You can find out by connecting the computer with a different power supply. But few have one. You can also, after disconnecting the computer from the network, disconnect the power supply from the motherboard (wide connector, more often white, do not forget about the second smaller connector). When all the wires are disconnected, now we reconnect the computer to the network. On the wide connector of the power supply, we need to close two contacts: green and black (any black). If it does not start, we go to the store for a new one.

Wide power supply connector

Very rarely, the reason may lie in the breakdown of the power button. This is also easily verified. On the motherboard we find two pins where PWD SW is written next to them.

Power plugs on the motherboard

The easiest way to do this is to follow the wire from the button. We remove the button connection connector, and close them with a screwdriver. If it does not start, then it’s not her problem. Once again, this is an extremely rare occurrence and most likely the reason is in the power supply. After all, even a faulty motherboard will turn on, even for a second, but the cooling fans will work.

By the way, it is the cooling fans that are the main culprit for the huge amount of dust inside the computer case. Any electronics are afraid of dust. Especially difficult. So we periodically clean and blow out the computer. You can do this with a can of compressed air, a vacuum cleaner, a watercolor brush will help us a lot in this matter, I confess, I like the fox more.

The second problem is that it turns on and, immediately, turns off.I came across this several times in my practice. Either the motherboard or the processor is defective. Let's go in order. There are many voltage-rectifying capacitors on the motherboard. Due to overheating, they, over time, lose their capacity and fail. Therefore, make sure that the computer does not overheat. But don't rush to throw out the motherboard. The motherboard gradually fails from overheating. This is accompanied by the freezing of the computer, very often, with the same "Blue Screen of Death". So, the "mother" will not be covered right away, but will still shake your nerves for several months before that.

Processor and applying thermal paste to it

If it happened spontaneously.

Most likely, the processor is to blame, or rather, its insufficient cooling. And there is even a possibility that he is intact. What are we doing? Do not forget to put your hands on the battery. Disconnect the computer from the network. Remove the housing cover. We need to get to the processor. It is located under the largest heatsink, which, in turn, is located under the largest fan (in general, it is correct to call such a fan in a computer a "cooler") on the motherboard. You can see that there is a wire coming from the cooler, or rather three wires usually wound. Disconnect them. Now we are going to remove the cooler with the radiator. We are in no hurry to grab the screwdriver. On almost all modern motherboards, modern radiators are fastened with clips and removed / installed by hand.

You may have to tinker. Above all, do not apply force with your entire arm or body weight. Only gently and only with your fingers. Having removed this "construction", we see a small metal (on modern computers) box. The cover is opened by lifting the metal tab. We opened the lid and very carefully took out the processor. You will not see that it burned down, unless you throw it into the fire. First, look at the place where the processor was installed. There are many, many little paws. Look closely to see if one or more are bent. If it is bent, then holding your breath, you can try to straighten it with a needle, but I do not advise. We will postpone this procedure as a last resort. Next, we need thermal paste. You can purchase it at a computer store. Thermal paste helps transfer heat away from the processor to the heatsink. After all, if there is even the slightest angle between the planes of their surfaces, then there is also a gap. Thermal paste, as you might guess, eliminates this gap.

Extruding thermal paste onto the processor

You need to apply it to the processor, having previously cleaned it off from the old, dried one. Having put the processor in its rightful place, we install the heatsink with the cooler in place. We connect the cooler. We turn on the computer. If everything is the same, then most likely the processor will have to be replaced. We also apply thermal paste to the new processor.

Third case. The computer turns on and beeps without booting further or even without turning on the monitor. And we are all used to one short squeak every time we turn it on. This signals that the initial test is complete and that all components are in good working order. But when he beeps something like a melody, this is already a signal about a malfunction of some component. The set of these melodies is quite decent, the meanings of each melody depend on the firm and model of your BIOS. You can find out by finding the BIOS chip on the motherboard.

BIOS chip from AMIBIOS

If AMI is written on it, then we look at the table below, if Award, then we look at the second table even lower, and if not both, we go to a friend, neighbor, turn on the computer and go to Google: my.housecope.com/wp -content / uploads / ext / 1717. Search by the name of your BOIS.

This phenomenon is mentioned earlier in this article. May be caused by overheating of the motherboard. But not only this can become its cause. Overheating of the video card also results in a blue screen. Monitor the condition of the video adapter cooler.And, as has already been said, you should not play resource-intensive games in the summer heat. But this phenomenon itself is associated with a fatal error in the operating system kernel. When any program or driver running in the kernel tries to execute an invalid command, this error occurs. The only way is to reboot.

Fifth case. The computer hums like a tractor. This is due to the cooling system, namely the coolers (fans). Over time, the plastic gasket in the cooler bearing wears out, it gets clogged with dust. This leads to its vibration and buzz. The easiest way to fix this problem is to identify which cooler is buzzing and replace it with a new one. In general, it is very easy to identify this. The cooler in the power supply almost never buzzes. The cooler on the video card and the cooler on the processor can buzz. Let me tell you a little secret. There are coolers that can be disassembled, and there are that cannot. If the decision is made to eliminate the hum, then the old cooler is no longer a pity. We remove it from the radiator, for this we will have to twist it with a screwdriver. We need a small cross. So, here it lies in front of us on the table.

The place where the wires come out is usually covered with adhesive tape. We remove this film and watch. If you can disassemble it, disassemble it. The cover can be removed with a small flat screwdriver. Next, freely remove the axle with petals from the cooler case. You will probably see an off-white piece of plastic - this is the remainder of the gasket. It is necessary to clean the axle and where it is inserted with a match, cotton wool, cologne. Making a new gasket is not difficult. Take a clerical knife, find an unnecessary helium pen refill and carefully cut off a thin ring. It will be the new strip. As a lubricant - even sunflower oil. We put the axis in place, fix this case with a plug. And voila, the cooler runs as quietly as new.

Sixth case. The computer turns on, the system boots (but very slowly). Everything seems to work, but, again, the "My Documents" folder opens for almost a minute. Etc. A typical case of a hard drive failure. The hard drive is very afraid of dust. Try to blow it well. Do not try to disassemble. It must be sealed. If it does not help, apparently, you will have to buy a new one. If such a situation arises, it is better not to hesitate with the purchase. At any moment, he can finally give up. The result is irreparable loss of your data. Here I would like to say that a backup copy of your data is an insurance not to lose it. Buy yourself an external hard drive that connects to your computer via USB.

Photos and other personal files that are dear to you are best stored on an optical disc. When stored properly, that is, in a box on a shelf, this is the most reliable way. Here are some examples from my personal practice. I had an eight gigabyte USB flash card. There were a lot of documents, all kinds of programs and other small things. A friend asked to throw off the antivirus. It happens that the USB port does not supply the correct voltage. The faulty motherboard is to blame. It was in such a USB port that my flash drive was destined to please. It just burned out instantly. Nobody will return your data to you, but the program or reinstalling the operating system is a matter of fifteen minutes maximum.

I would like to give you some general tips for using your personal computer.

Disfigured Lyser Disc

And at best, to the terribly tedious process of disassembling the drive, cleaning it from disc debris, and reassembling it. This is a simple procedure, but not everyone can handle it. Do-it-yourself computer repair, after all, requires certain knowledge and skills.

When something breaks, and after reading this article, I think you can determine it yourself, when going to the store for a replacement, be sure to take the broken device with you. This is especially important for people who are far enough from technology. Indeed, in our time, you will be sold anything without a twinge of conscience.They will hardly care what kind of RAM you need (will fit your motherboard). With a smile on his face and with the words “Take it! This is the newest RAM. Better yet not invented! ”, You will be sold the newest, most expensive and most unnecessary for your computer.

In conclusion, I will say that I have done computer repairs with my own hands more than once. Friends and acquaintances often ask about this. We have sorted out all the main points. There is no point in fixing the rest of the faults. What is broken in a computer cannot be repaired without special education and equipment. Nothing lasts forever, all computer components have their own resource. The majority, by the way, will not run out of this resource even by the moment when they are completely obsolete. I have an old computer, it is over thirteen years old. During this time, only the coolers have changed in it, the buzzing was too loud. At one time, it was an expensive and very worthy purchase, but now, after so many years, most of us have mobile phones at times greater performance than that computer.

I would be very grateful if you share this article with your friends on social networks and blogs, it will be great to help my blog develop:

No technique, even the most expensive, is everlasting. Therefore, no matter how sad it may sound, in any case, someday your computer will fail. No, it can turn on and work somehow, but we don't want to work on a PC that freezes and slows down every minute? The problem needs to be addressed. By the way, if you still have a warranty period, and you are sure that you yourself did not contribute to the breakdown, without further hesitation, hand over the equipment under warranty. Otherwise, check out the article thanks to which you will find out how to fix a computer with your own hands.

First of all, there is no need to immediately look for mechanical damage. It is possible that your computer freezes or does not work very well solely due to malware (users encounter such a nuisance very often). Also, the reason may be in some drivers that are not suitable for your system. Or due to the fact that you have installed some important, but unlicensed version of the program. In any case, first make sure that there are no viruses on the PC; this can be done using Kaspersky or a simpler utility - DrWeb Cureit. Next, clean your computer from various unnecessary files using the popular program - Ccleaner. This can cause the PC to seriously freeze.

Attention! If you need to disassemble the system unit, then in no case should it be done until you turn off the power. This is very easy to do - you just need to unplug the power cord. If you can, I suggest you get an ESD wrist strap. It will be safer for you to work with, but this item is optional.

Computer power supply - a very "vulnerable" thing that can fail at the most inopportune moment. The fact is that it is this very thing that regulates nutrition, stabilizes it in the event of unexpected changes. But if suddenly your voltage is constantly jumping, then this stabilizer will simply burn out. How not to face such a problem? Do not use an unreliable power source. Purchase a "Pilot" that will control the power supply, act as its fuse in case of surges. Bad weather, namely a thunderstorm, can not only destroy our power supply, but also "walk" through all other devices connected to the network. So, be sure to turn off the computer at such times. But if you have a laptop and you work with it offline during such weather, then there is nothing to worry about.

In some cases, RAM can let us down. There is, of course, a special program for checking it (MemTest), but you should not rely entirely on its verification results. If you need to check the memory performance with a 100% guarantee, then install another memory bar that works for sure. Thus, having at hand one, or better several planks, we will definitely be able to make sure which of them is working and which is not.

The hard drive, of course, does not break so often, but still with such a problem as hard drive recoveryevery user may encounter. It is very easy to understand that the reason for a PC malfunction is in the HDD. When you turn on the computer, pay attention to what "notifications" the BIOS gives us. For example, if the hard drive is not working, then when the PC is turned on, we will see the following warning: "Select Proper Boot Device". Sometimes there may not be any notifications, but the external signs of a breakdown will be "on the face". The hard disk can sometimes make too strange sounds, in some cases it stops working, then works again. In the event of a breakdown, the user can also hear something like a crunch, crackle, and so on. If your disk is working, but you notice such external signs, urgently copy all your data to the media, because soon you will not get access to the HDD. We will not bother with the repair of such a spare part. So feel free to go to the store and buy a new disk, and I advise you to pay attention to SDD, not HDD. This type of hard disk works much faster, and most importantly, this work will not distract you with its noise.

No matter how silly it may sound, but even because of the most common button used to turn the PC on and off, you may experience a breakdown. The fact is that if the contacts are slightly damaged, or the button is too close to these contacts, the system will recognize the computer shutdown and shutdown signal. Thus, the user can disassemble the entire PC and not even guess that the cause of the breakdown lies before his eyes. So be sure to make sure everything is in order with this part (check the contacts).

We will have really serious problems with the PC in the event that the motherboard "flies". And here even the breakdown will not be in the board itself, but in the digital tracks on this spare part. The assembly of the motherboard is important here. For example, very often the board can be connected to the processor heatsinks not directly, as it should be, but using a separate connector. And when the PC is diagnosed (it needs to be done every year), you have to constantly "push back" the radiator, and that is not easy to do. Naturally, with such efforts, the board wears out. Small and imperceptible cracks appear. Now manufacturers are already quite serious about the protection of the board, but nevertheless, each of you can face such a problem. In this case, there is nothing left but to purchase a new motherboard. Because under the guarantee they will not accept such a PC from us, because the board was actually damaged by us.

If suddenly, when parsing the block, you saw that you have such a situation from the motherboard, this mount will need to be replaced with a direct connection of the heatsink to the board.

When you turn on the PC, there is a small but loud enough sound (bios signals). Many users believe that this is "just the way it should be," and this sound does not tell us anything. But in reality, if we hear one signal, then everything is fine with the PC, the whole system works without interruption, and while working with the computer, we should not have any troubles. This check is carried out by a special built-in program.

What if a series of signals sounded at once? Or there was one, but very long. This signal, which, by the way, is emitted by the BIOS, is simply impossible not to notice. In this case, we clearly have some problems with the software, but which ones, let's try to figure this out.

Basically, manufacturers put one of 2 BIOS versions on ordinary computers: either AMI or Award. The signals for the two versions are the same, but the reasons for these sounds are completely different. So first you need to figure out what kind of BIOS we have. Before Windows boots up, a small window will appear, at the bottom of which it will be written how we start BIOS. In most cases, you need to either press the F2 key or Delete.

As soon as we got into BIOS after pressing the specified button, the following appears in front of us:

Above, the version of our BIOS immediately catches the eye. As you can see, I have an Award.

All equipment during operation is capable of failing. True, not all computer owners can understand the cause of a particular electronic failure. If the matter is in the motherboard, it is quite possible to repair it with your own hands. Moreover, even beginners can do it.

As practice shows, only a small percentage of computing devices that arrive at service centers actually require a complex recovery process. As for the rest of the troubles, they are resolved quickly enough. At the same time, complex repair equipment and specialized computer knowledge are not used. The article will be useful for those who want to try to repair the motherboard with their own hands, saving money and time.

What is necessary?

To do a motherboard repair yourself, you need a certain amount of patience and a little basic knowledge. The main thing is not to be afraid. First, remember that your computer is connected to an electrical outlet, so you should follow all known safety precautions. You will need an ordinary and Phillips screwdriver as repair tools. You also need to use a multimeter. In the process of work, you should be extremely careful, be extremely careful.

As you can see, the rules are pretty simple. However, it is worth noting one more point, which must be paid attention to. Computing system components can be damaged as a result of static electricity. Thus, the body needs to "discharge". To do this, just touch the unpainted part of the battery or touch another grounded object. When performing repair work with a computer, it is advisable to periodically repeat the "unloading scenario".

Typical motherboard breakdowns Often failures are observed in system connectors:

If the user regularly connects a mobile device for data transfer or uses a different peripheral device, the port that is frequently used may quickly deteriorate. Power outages are also negatively impacted. This usually results in the first blown fuses and passive electronic components. For example, capacitors. When one of the coolers fails, when the device is turned on, as a rule, temperature protection is triggered. Thus, it is not possible to turn on the computer. Occasionally failures in the BIOS firmware are also possible. In this case, the computer is capable of responding to the power-on command, but this is its "live" state is limited.

What to do if one of the connectors on the board does not work?

First you need to make sure that the connected device is working properly. It is quite possible that, due to mechanical stress, the integrity of the soldering itself is violated. You should carefully walk with a soldering iron in the places where the socket parts are attached. It will take a lot of effort to replace the port. This is often associated with an increased risk of disabling the strapping elements that adjoin the part to be dismantled. If you are afraid to get down to business on your own or there is not even general knowledge on this issue, it is better to contact a specialist. There are situations when a certain connector is inactive in the BIOS program settings.In this case, you will need to go to the base system and check if this is so.

How to get rid of deadly messages?

When the computer begins to systematically "fall" into the unknown, and the screen displays only blue color with incomprehensible white text, you need to pay attention to the critical components of the system. It is likely that the central processor regularly overheats due to an insufficiently functioning cooling system. Sometimes the RAM does not match the configuration of the computer or is physically damaged. Also, the hard drive may have reached its working limit or requires software intervention.

All this can lead to negative consequences that will entail complex repairs to the motherboard. Every user should know that overheating is the main enemy of computing devices. Thus, the cooling system must always be in good working order, and the fans must have sufficient power to provide the optimal temperature regime necessary for the stable functioning of the system's hardware components.

BIOS hints

Don't panic if your computer makes strange noises during startup. This is a signal to the user from the BIOS about a certain malfunction. Taking into account the differences in modifications, as well as the typical dissociation of computing devices, each manufacturer uses an individual signal scheme. Thus, it is impossible to say unambiguously what a short "peak" or a long "pi-and-i" means. Decryption of audio messages is contained on the official website of the manufacturer of a particular device. The user must act according to the received data. Do not forget about changing the battery on the board. True, some cases require pre-flashing the BIOS chip, and this may require special equipment called a programmer.

What to do when the computer is completely unresponsive to turning on?

It is worth considering this example and figuring out how to repair the motherboard yourself if a similar situation occurs. It should be noted that with this behavior, which is described below, a multimeter is needed to diagnose the device. First, the computer turns on and the user checks that the LED on the motherboard is on. When it is active, it means there is a standby voltage on the main board.

If this indicator is not present, you will need to connect a power supply that is definitely working. If the result is zero, turn off all attachments. Thus, the cooler for cooling the central processor is dismantled, and also he himself, memory strips are removed from special slots, the hard disk, discrete video card, network adapters are turned off. It is necessary to examine the motherboard very carefully. It may be oxidized or physically damaged.

If swollen capacitors or other elements that are out of order are identified, they will need to be replaced. It is carried out in accordance with the marking of defective parts. As you can see, it is not difficult to repair motherboards yourself. This is a fairly easy and time-consuming process. However, there are also some difficulties.

A modern way to diagnose a malfunction

When the power supply is active, consistently and very carefully, you should touch the network, audio and chipset microcircuits with your finger. When it is felt that one of the parts is very overheated, it is necessary to seek the help of specialists in a service workshop. Some motherboards can run without a CPU installed. Thus, it is possible to measure the voltage on the power supply rail of the board to make sure that the converter is working properly. You will need to set the multimeter to the "20 volts" position.

Then the negative probe is inserted into the power supply terminal of the PSU, and the positive one alternately touches the lower leg of each choke. Next, it's worth looking at the displayed value. If it is within 0.8, everything is normal. Otherwise, you need to find the broken transistor from the power harness or replace the faulty voltage regulator. Of course, all this is done after a short contact with the positive probe on the start contact of the Power Bat.

The article covered the main points of how to repair motherboards. Given the wide variety of causes of problems that lead to all kinds of system "glitches", these methods of diagnosing and restoring the performance of the motherboard may be ineffective. However, the information provided will not be superfluous. Perhaps it will be useful in various situations associated with a computer breakdown.

This entry was posted in Repair on September 18, 2015 by katrinas11. Thank me, share the link with your friends on social networks: