VIDEO Many of us have forgotten about various stoves, hobs and completely trust the process of cooking microwave ovens. And this is not surprising at all: microwave ovens take up little space, have a rich set of different functions and significantly save time. Naturally, we get very upset when our microwave breaks down. The reasons for the breakdown and malfunction can be different. Consider what breaks down most often in a microwave oven. Often, if a microwave oven breaks down, it is necessary to contact a specialized master. After all, this is not the simplest device, so the repair is rather complicated. But in fact, the design of a microwave oven is elementary and includes only a few basic elements. If you first familiarize yourself with frequent breakdowns, then repairing the microwave on your own will not be difficult.
Although the design of a microwave oven contains a lot of elements, most of them do not play a special functional role. To repair this device, you only need to know the basic elements of the circuit that ensure its operation. Among them:
Magnetron.
Transformer.
High voltage fuse.
Rectifier diode.
Capacitor.
Control block.
It is easy to distinguish them, because outwardly the design is not very complex. The magnetron is always installed in the middle, directed towards the food warming unit. The transformer is located under it, representing a massive box with a protruding coil. The capacitor, diode and fuse are located to the right of it, and the control unit is often located near the input panel.
When the device is turned on, a voltage of 220 V is supplied to the transformer. Passing through the primary and secondary windings, a current of 2 kV is already flowing out of the element. Further, the negative half-wave goes to the diode, and the positive one charges the capacitor, which again leads to a twofold increase in voltage. After that, the generation of microwaves by means of a magnetron begins.The power of the magnetron is regulated by the control unit.
Therefore, in the event of a breakdown, it is worth paying attention to these elements. They carry the greatest load, so they are often the problem.
When disassembling the microwave, be sure to disconnect it from the mains.
Search for breakage in a microwave oven is based on "symptoms". This allows you to gradually eliminate possible causes and find the real one. So, if the oven does not turn on at all, then it is worth checking the following points:
The integrity of the power cord.
Door position and closing system.
Mains fuse and thermal relay status.
In the first case, the situation is elementary - there is no power supply due to damage to the power cord. A similar situation occurs when the outlet is damaged or overloaded. In this case, it is enough to replace this element, everything is in order with the microwave itself.
Next, it is worth checking the operation and position of the door. The fact is that the operation of a microwave oven when the door is open is dangerous for others. Therefore, the design provides for the possibility of operation only when it is completely closed. If a latch, a locking system or a checking element is broken on the door, the protection system will not allow the device to start.
The last points also concern the protective systems of the oven. The fuse prevents damage to the device due to power surges, and the thermal relay provides a complete shutdown of the system when the door is open. Both can fail, it is quite easy to replace them.
It is also worth checking the voltage in the network and the number of devices connected to the outlet. The microwave oven is very demanding on power supply, therefore its slight deviations can interfere with the operation of the appliance.
Most models suffer from common problems and have similar, typical faults. For example, if the microwave works, but does not heat, then this indicates a malfunction of the capacitor, diode or magnetron. To repair a microwave oven yourself, you will need a simple set of tools: pliers, wire cutters, a screwdriver, an adjustable wrench and a five-spanner wrench, as well as a soldering iron with the necessary equipment.
When repairing a microwave microwave yourself, you should remember about safety measures. The two most important hazards in microwave oven repairs are high voltage in oven components and microwave radiation. Do not turn it on if the door is defectively locked or the mesh on the viewing window is damaged. Do not make independent holes in the case and introduce any conductive objects into the units and elements of the furnace. Never touch internal parts and assemblies while the microwave is in operation. Be sure to use a tester or other electrical meter to measure AC and DC current.
If the above reasons are not confirmed, then you need to disassemble the device for troubleshooting. Before that, be sure to turn off the oven from the network and wait a couple of minutes.
What should you look for when searching for breakdowns? There are several basic elements that often fail:
Circuit breakers.
Capacitor.
Diode.
Transformer.
Magnetron.
These elements are directly involved in the operation of the device and were mentioned earlier. First you need to check the health of the fuses. Their breakage can be seen immediately, because during combustion, the conductor inside is destroyed. If this did not happen, then it is worth looking further.
For further verification, you need to take a multimeter, because outwardly it is extremely difficult to find a breakdown on the remaining parts. To check the capacitor, you need to switch the device to ohmmeter mode, and then connect it to the part. If there is no resistance, then the part must be replaced.
It is impossible to check the high-voltage diode with a tester.It is recommended to replace it in case of breakage of other parts, because often the blow falls on it. It can be checked in a slightly different way - by connecting it to the network on the way to the light bulb. If the light is weak or blinking, then the part is working properly. If it burns brightly or does not turn on at all, then the diode must be replaced.
Next, the transformer is checked.
It is important to observe safety precautions, because
this element is able to hold a charge for a long time. It will take several minutes to discharge a serviceable transformer, and if the discharge resistor breaks down, it will take much longer. It is worth discharging it on the case or not touching it at all if there is no experience with such a technique.
Next, the transformer windings are checked. It is necessary to remove the terminals and check the terminals of the device one by one with an ohmmeter. First, the primary winding is checked, for which the rate varies from 2 to 4.5 ohms. For the secondary winding, the limits are 140 and 350 ohms. It is also worth checking the filament winding by connecting the terminals leading to the magnetron to the multimeter. The norm here varies from 3.5 to 8 ohms.
All previous tests have failed, then the problem may lie in the magnetron.
To test the magnetron, just connect the tester to its power terminals. The tester switches to ohmmeter mode. If the resistance is 2-3 ohms, then this means a breakdown of the device. The situation is the same if the tester reads infinity. In both cases, the device must be replaced.
These items are the most common culprits in microwave oven breakdowns. However, the failure of the device is often associated with other malfunctions, such as problems with the electronic control unit, timer and other electronic parts. Here, simple checks with a multimeter will not help; the help of a qualified technician is needed. Although it is much easier to simply replace a part if you are sure that it is broken.
There are frequent cases of breakage associated with the destruction of the cap on the magnetron. The thin aluminum body simply cannot withstand stress and is destroyed by microwave waves. This problem often occurs in older devices that are more than a few years old. The obvious symptoms in this case are noise and sparks during the operation of the device.
To check, it is enough to remove the transformer, because the cap is located towards the food chamber. If the cap is destroyed, then there are 2 options:
Cap replacement.
Flip the cap.
The first option is a priority, it is enough to order a replacement or return the magnetron for repair. The second option is considered a temporary alternative that allows you to extend the life of the device indefinitely. It is enough just to rotate the cap 180 degrees around the axis, because the load falls on only one half.
Repairing a microwave oven is a feasible task for a novice electrician. If the problem lies in the breakdown of one of the constituent elements of the furnace, then the simplest and correct solution is to replace it. The bottom line is that most of the parts of this device cannot be repaired, but only completely replaced with a new one. This especially applies to fuses, diodes and capacitors - the main reasons for the failure of the device.
Parts replacement is carried out in several steps:
The microwave is disconnected from the network.
The transformer is discharged (5 minutes).
The terminals are disconnected from the defective part, it is removed.
A workable part is connected to the same place.
There are two important factors to consider when replacing a part. The first is schema compliance. It is important to remember that each part has its own characteristics, selected for the performance of the entire electrical circuit. If, after replacement, this nuance is not taken into account, then this leads to new breakdowns. This is especially true for the transformer and capacitor.
The second important factor is the connection of the part. It is necessary to connect the replacement correctly, keeping the previous arrangement of the terminals. Reconnecting the device in reverse order can damage it, as well as several other parts in the system.
This will restore your microwave in most cases. If the breakdown is related to the electronic part of the device, then you should contact the professionals. This will ensure quality repairs and prolong the operation of the device for a long time.
The most common malfunction is the failure of the waveguide cover in the microwave oven chamber. This is caused by splashes from cooking. This starts sparking between the magnetron antenna and the protective cover. Untimely removal of burnt products leads to local burnout of the lid and to complete destruction.
Local burnout of the lid mica plate can be removed with alcohol or solvent 646. It is enough to gently wipe the burnout area.
If the mica plate of the lid is clearly in poor condition, is greasy or begins to paint, then it should be replaced. Removing the diffuser plate is a snap. This can be done using an ordinary sharpened knife. Usually, the mica plate is attached with a self-tapping screw or rivets. Carefully place the old plate on the new template and cut out a new one. The best way to do this is with a knife - you can break the mica with scissors. We make holes in the new plate with a sharp screwdriver and process the edges of the fields of the plate with sandpaper. We install the new plate in place of the old one.
The question often arises, how to replace mica for microwave ovens? For these purposes, any dielectric with a similar dielectric constant is suitable. For example, PTFE or Teflon.
Common breakdowns in a microwave oven are also malfunctions associated with other elements of the oven. For example, such as the keyboard of the oven control unit, the microwave oven electronic control unit and the dissector. Less often, the high-voltage capacitor and transformer, the microwave waveguide plug and the rotating pan fail. The power supply and magnetron of the microwave oven are subject to wear and tear.
Knowing how to troubleshoot microwave ovens can save you significant repair costs. However, if you do not know how to repair the microwave yourself, then it is best to contact a specialist. Specialized service centers will help you to repair the microwave microwave. In addition, watch the video on microwave repair, perhaps there is exactly that breakdown that will help you fix your beloved household assistant.
VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO Do-it-yourself microwave repair is possible, but only for those users who are at least a little versed in electrical engineering and have experience with hand tools.
Microwave repairs are easier to prevent. To do this, do not use the device in conditions that cause critical modes of operation of its components. The documentation supplied with the microwave oven describes the operating rules and warnings in sufficient detail. For example, that food should not be reheated in metal containers, that the appliance should not be turned on with an empty chamber, etc.
Burnt out mica plate
It is necessary to monitor the condition mica plate microwave oven, which closes the window of the waveguide that transmits radiation into the oven space. Regular cleaning will prevent microwave oven repairs caused by burnout, as well as sparking and short circuits (read about replacing a faulty part in the article with how to replace a burned-out mica plate in a microwave).
The microwave should not turn on if there is nothing inside. This causes a critical mode of operation of the emitter and reduces its service life. This action also negatively affects the state of the magnetron, and this part costs almost like the microwave itself.
Do not operate the device if sparking is observed, violation of the integrity of the mica plate (this indicates that the elements of the magnetron are damaged or it is operating in a non-standard mode), transformer humming, malfunctioning of the control electronics. In this case, if you do not have the skills to work with equipment, it is better to call a qualified specialist.
The main elements of the microwave oven
A failed magnetron is the cause of most breakdowns. In order to identify a malfunction, it is necessary to carry out the following operations:
Disassemble the device. Dismantling the microwave oven begins with removing the side cover or completely dismantling the top casing. This is not difficult to do. Sheathing elements are fastened with screws or bolts, usually they are not even hidden. Dismantling the housing to access the electronic components can be seen in the video below. However, if we are talking about Panasonic microwaves, it is worth remembering: one of the fasteners may have a seal, the destruction of which will void the warranty.
Remove the magnetron unit. It is secured with four screws and can be removed easily.
Carefully inspect the condition of the assembly.
VIDEO Do not rush to throw away the burned-out magnetron, it may need to be repaired.
If the top cap is burnt out or partially destroyed, the microwave cannot be generated in a controlled stable mode, which leads to an emergency situation and protection operation. Installing a new element (cap) is a standard procedure. If, after carrying out this operation, the broken magnetron still does not work, it means that it is completely out of order or does not generate sufficient emission.
You can completely tidy up the microwave radiation unit as follows:
Purchase a new magnetron from the corresponding microwave model. There are different delivery formats. In one configuration, only the magnetron is purchased, and in the other, a waveguide is attached to it.
Install a magnetron of suitable parameters. Pay attention to clear geometries and power. For example, Redmond uses various standardized series of radiators, so replacing the main, so to speak, heating element is not difficult.
The work of the emitter is based on electron emission ... This is tube technology. Therefore, the magnetron is constantly depleted, the emission rate decreases, the heating rate of food decreases. You can manually extend the life of the main element of the furnace by adding windings to the winding of the power transformer, which will lead to an increase in the voltage on the emitter. This should be done carefully. The maximum voltage for which magnetrons are calculated is 6.3 volts, the minimum is 3.15 V.
For Sharp and Redmond microwave ovens, exceed this limit with caution, winding half a turn of the winding. Other brands may allow an increase in magnetron voltage up to 7 Volts ... Using this method, you can not only repair the microwave, returning it to its previous performance, but also extend the service life of the radiation system up to 3 years.
One of the most common problems is damage or burnout of the mica plate covering the waveguide window. Such a malfunction can manifest itself in different ways, ranging from arcing in the chamber or the electronics unit, to the failure of the microwave to work in a given mode due to the activation of the automatic protection. It is very easy to fix the plate. It is enough to remove the damaged part and contact service centers or specialized stores. There you will be cut out a piece of a suitable size from a large sheet of the appropriate thickness, you just need to install it in its original place.
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Other problems and methods of neutralizing them look like this:
Poor button or control panel performance can be remedied in two ways.If the oven is equipped with contact mechanical switches, they must be cleaned, check the connection contacts. If we are talking about a film control panel, it is possible that the tracks have oxidized and deteriorated over time. Repair of the film control panel of a microwave oven is carried out in the same way as repairing a computer keyboard. There are various conductive, silver-containing varnishes, pencils for troubleshooting. In the simplest case, if the tracks are very weakly damaged, you can use a simple graphite pencil (for more details, see the article on what to do if the buttons on the microwave do not work).
Before disassembling the microwave oven and checking the condition of its internal components, make sure that there is power. The procedure is standard. The plug is inspected, the fuse is checked, you need to make sure that there are no kinks, scuffs, or tangible core fractures on the power cable. Separately, the places where the wire exit from the plug and its entrance into the case are examined.
Only after the presence of power, the integrity of the cable and the microwave fuse have been checked, you can proceed with further inspection and repair. It is worth remembering: accuracy, attentiveness and adherence to the rule "from simple to complex" will certainly lead to a good result of diagnostics and repair.
VIDEO To repair a microwave oven, you need to have a general idea of how it works. Microwave oven repair begins with removing the top cover. Before that, you should take care of completely disconnecting the device from the power supply, only then proceed with the elimination of breakdowns with your own hands.
When these steps are successfully completed, a transformer with two fuses will open for access: one is located directly on the part itself, it is fusible, the second is located nearby on the very body of the microwave oven, made of ceramics. Also next to the transformer is a doubler block consisting of a thick capacitor and a diode. The whole set of these elements is the power supply circuit of the microwave oven magnetron.
Carefully! Do not touch the condenser immediately after removing the top cover. This element is capable of holding voltage for a long time, which can easily lead to an electric shock. When repairing a microwave oven with your own hands, this factor should be taken into account.
The peculiarity of microwave ovens is that all parts are connected in series. First, you should pay attention to the above magnetron and its power supply circuit. After removing the protective housing, a transformer with a large capacitor located next to it becomes accessible. There will also be a ceramic, low-melting fuse, a diode. The magnetron operates according to this high voltage circuit. Under no circumstances should you get into it with your hands, tools. After a complete de-energization, the capacitor will lose its residual voltage, the likelihood of an electric shock will decrease.
The primary winding of the micro-transformer takes over 220V. As a rule, its location is at the bottom. You can recognize it by the coils of copper wire, which in appearance will be bare. However, it is not. It is covered with a transparent insulating film. The location of this coil is under the secondary winding.
The microwave oven has two secondary windings. On one of them, several turns of a simple wire are usually not neatly wound. This heats up the cathode. Here the AC voltage is only 6.2V so that the electrons can be lifted from the surface. But where there is good insulation, there is a high voltage winding. About two kV directed towards the exit.
A capacitor shunted by a diode is located at the output of the circuit. The action of the negative half-wave falls on the cathode, the action of the positive half-wave charges the capacitance.Further, the electrode is subjected to double voltage, which is removed from the capacitor and the micro-transformer. As a result, approximately 3.5-4 kV is created. This power is enough to start the generation process.
You should be extremely careful, the output winding is always parallel to the magnetron, which has two output options. But the grounding of the anode is done in a separate way.
Thus, this is what happens:
the heating coil has 6.3V;
at the cathode stays up to 4.2 kV, grounded by the anode.
All microwave ovens have an electrical connection for the cathode, heating coil. Each microwave oven is equipped with a timer that controls the magnetron power. The use of a start relay is used in order to avoid the occurrence of a spark. Next, you should pay attention to the front panel.
The most likely breakages occur in the area of the mica plate. Energy is supplied from the magnetron to the waveguide along the rod. The latter is highly sensitive to the presence of various food debris. All these contaminants begin to ignite, emit sparks, thereby disrupting the stable operation of microwave ovens. To avoid unforeseen situations, the developers decided to close the waveguide with a mica plate. It has soft, flexible properties, relatively affordable pricing. It will not be difficult to fix such a breakdown with your own hands. You can buy material of any size, cut the corresponding segment. The peculiarity of the mica plate is that it transmits a frequency level of 2.45 GHz without obstacles. It is at this frequency that the microwave oven operates.
Also, mica plates do not get wet. This is a very important factor if liquid is heated inside microwave ovens. After all, water very quickly absorbs the radiating frequency of 2.45 GHz, there is a danger of serious damage. If the water reaches the waveguide, a big accident is created, which will not be easy to repair with your own hands. The high voltage fuse will blow instantly. If everything gets worse, the magnetron itself burns out, other electronics that power the microwave oven.
What factors influence the destruction of the mica plate? Most reheated food contains a lot of fats, oils, and other such ingredients. They differ in that instead of the usual boil, they shoot out greasy drops. Once such a drop hits the mica plate, a small wire bridge is created. An electric arc is formed: from the waveguide to the mica plate, then from it to the body of the microwave oven. As soon as pops and sparks, uncharacteristic for the operation of stoves, appear, this is a sure sign that the stove will soon need to be repaired.
Anyone who has tried to fix a microwave oven with their own hands wondered about the high-voltage fuse. The mechanism of microwave ovens of this kind triggers at least two fuses:
If you look at the electronic board of the microwave, this part appears as a small white or transparent cylinder. Its task is to protect integrated, wall-mounted microwave oven components. This small cylinder is also part of the power supply circuit. Its burnout occurs in the event of a capacitor breakdown, a resistor short circuit.
The circuit that forms the power supply of the magnetron includes a diode, a transformer, and a capacitor. Through them, about two or three kilovolts approaches the cathode. These details are not difficult to find. It is difficult to confuse the appearance of the capacitor with anything else. This is a huge detail in the form of a jar weighing up to one hundred grams. One diode leg is attached to it, the other is fixed to the body. Nearby is also a small barrel, often ceramic, painted in brown. It is this barrel that contains a high-voltage fuse inside it. Its task is to prevent overheating of the magnetron.When a mica plate breaks through or a metal spoon is placed in the microwave oven, the high-voltage fuse immediately burns out.
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It is best not to try to assemble the high voltage fuse with your own hands or remove it from the electronic board. This practice is extremely dangerous for people. The microwave oven may stop working and there is a high risk of fire and electric shock.
Before you start talking about repairing a fan that cools a magnetron, grills or an illuminating lamp in a microwave oven chamber, you should also pay attention to the protective relay. Their task is to turn off all operating systems at the moment when the chamber door is in the open position. Two relays usually break the power supply circuit. And one relay will be controlled by the functionality of the second. The work is carried out as follows:
If the oven door is open, the relay trigger is released.
In this operation, the power supply circuit has two breaks.
The second relay closes the ground on the phase.
When the first relay is energized, nothing bad will happen as the power supply circuit is in the open position.
When the first relay sticks, the fuse kicks out. This is due to the fact that the ground was short-circuited by a phase.
The fuse is not meant to be on top of the magnetron or inside the case, but on the board. To fix a microwave oven with your own hands, you should check the operation of the protective relay. Without this functionality, access to the power supply to the magnetron is practically impossible. The task of the power fuse is to take into account the movement of current in the magnetron. In the event of a dangerous situation, the protective element burns out, the generator breakdown is excluded. A similar situation occurs when the microwave oven is idle or there is some kind of metal thing in its chamber.
So, a sad day came when the microwave, which had served for more than one year, stopped working. Everything in it is spinning, spinning, buzzing, and the “tobacco chicken” that you put in the oven half an hour ago has remained a pile of cold “soulless” meat. Naturally, the first thought - everything, the microwave has worked its way. The second - you need to carry it for repair. But…
But having learned the approximate cost of repairs when contacting a service center, you understand that it can cost more than the residual value. Therefore, a desire arises - for this scrap and for the purchase of a new one. But you shouldn't rush!
There are several malfunctions, the diagnosis and repair of which does not require high costs or high qualifications, and which can be the reason for the failure of your microwave oven, no matter what model you have. You can make repairs to the microwave with your own hands, even if you have never dealt with it before.
The only requirement for specialists of any level: before making any manipulations with the circuit, repairing the microwave, you must unplug the power cable from the outlet!
Three faults that can be easily diagnosed and repaired by hand and do not require the use of a soldering iron:
High voltage fuse blown.
Failure of the high-voltage capacitor.
Failure of the high voltage rectifier diode.
So, let's start with our own hands. Remove the microwave protective cover by unscrewing the four screws on the back of the microwave protective cover and two screws on the sides.
View of the microwave without a protective casing, from the side of the electronic circuit.
The magnetron is the "heart" of the microwave, a device that generates microwave energy.
A transformer that supplies energy to a magnetron.
Additive volt capacitor.
High voltage fuse.
High voltage rectifier diode.
Let's start with the simplest: DIY repair of a high-voltage fuse.
If the insulating sleeve cannot be disassembled, then we check the fuse without opening this casing. To do this, it must be disconnected from the circuit, connected in series with a low-power car incandescent lamp for side lights and a car battery. The light should be on. If the lamp does not light, the fuse must be replaced - this will be a do-it-yourself repair :).
Capacitor.
15 watts X 220V, for example, from a wall lamp, and include this circuit in the household electrical network.
In the normal state of the capacitor, the lamp should burn at about half heat. Disconnecting the capacitor from the network and immediately closing the capacitor terminals together with a screwdriver, we should get a small electrical discharge, which is a sign of the presence of electrical capacity. The bright glow of the lamp or its complete absence indicates that the capacitor is defective and must be replaced.
To test a diode
15 watts X 220V. The lamp should be lit at half brightness, with a clearly noticeable flicker (50 hertz). With a bright uniform lamp burning, as well as a complete absence of combustion, a conclusion follows that the diode is faulty. In this case, it must be replaced.
When replacing, you should pay attention that the two terminals of the diode differ in purpose and method of connection. The diode has a positive terminal (anode), which is marked on the body in the form of a strip and ends with a bolt ring. He joins the microwave body. The negative terminal (cathode) ends with a parenthesis and is connected to the capacitor. Other switching on for the diode is not permissible.
Usually , a blown fuse indicates a breakdown of a diode or capacitor. Therefore, if you find that the high-voltage fuse has blown, find out which other element is out of order.
It is not difficult to buy electronic components for repairing a microwave oven with your own hands. Currently, there are enough shops selling microwave components.
If you are not familiar with the labeling of electronic components, then, as a rule, in a store you will just need to show the seller your failed item. Therefore, when going to the store for a purchase, take it off and take it with you. The seller will orientate himself and offer you an electronic part with the required parameters.
Video (click to play).
The above malfunctions do not require large costs, repairing microwave ovens with your own hands will clearly come out cheaper than in the service.
The most expensive element is a capacitor. Its cost can fluctuate between 300-600 rubles. It all depends on the manufacturer.
A diode can cost between 50-150 rubles.
A fuse will cost you about 40-80 rubles.
