In detail: do-it-yourself ugr walk-behind tractor repair from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.
Like any technique, a walk-behind tractor requires timely maintenance and repair. And it is advisable to entrust their implementation to specialists who have the necessary tools and equipment and know their job well. However, if you are also familiar with the device of internal combustion engines and understand the topic of mechanical engineering, then you can do a lot of what may be required to restore the machine's performance on your own.
Diesel and gasoline engines have different motor resources. For the former, the normal figure is 4000 m3 / h, but the latter are capable of providing only 1500 m3 / h. Despite this, diesel models of walk-behind tractors are not in high demand. After all, both when buying and during operation, they are much more expensive. Therefore, most likely you are working with a walk-behind tractor equipped with a gasoline (carburetor) engine.
All breakdowns that may arise during the operation of agricultural mini-equipment can be conditionally divided into two categories:
Engine malfunctions:
startup problems;
malfunctions.
Malfunctions of other units and mechanisms:
improper clutch operation;
breakdowns in the gearbox;
problems with the chassis;
malfunctions of control and automation;
malfunctions of walk-behind tractor systems (cooling, lubrication, etc.).
In many ways, the success of repairing a suddenly out of order machine depends on the correctness of the diagnostics. With regard to maintenance, it is carried out precisely in order to identify small malfunctions, which subsequently lead to serious ones.
Video (click to play).
If you do not have the necessary knowledge, premises, tools and materials necessary for servicing and repairing the motor, entrust the work to a specialist!
If attempts to start the walk-behind tractor were unsuccessful, this means that there are malfunctions in the engine or starting system. In order to determine the source of the breakdown, you first need to check the spark plugs.
If the spark plugs are dry, this means that the fuel mixture is not entering the engine cylinders. There may be several reasons for this:
there is no fuel in the tank;
the fuel supply valve is closed;
the hole in the gas tank plug is clogged;
foreign objects have entered the fuel supply system.
To fix problems with the fuel supply, you must:
Fill the tank of the walk-behind tractor.
Open the fuel cock.
Clean the drain hole located in the fuel filler cap.
Remove the fuel cock, drain the fuel tank and rinse it with clean gasoline. After that, remove the connecting hose on the side of the carburetor and blow it out together with the carburetor nozzles without disassembling the latter using the fuel pump.
If fuel enters the carburetor but does not reach the cylinder, the problem is with the carburetor itself. To eliminate it, this unit must be removed, disassembled and cleaned. Well, after that - assemble and install in place. Therefore, before performing all the necessary manipulations, it does not hurt at all to refresh the memory of the device and the principle of operation of the carburetor.
In the event that, when checking the candles, they turned out to be wet, i.e. fuel is supplied normally, but the engine does not start, the problem may be as follows:
Failure of the ignition system:
there is a characteristic carbon deposit on the spark plug electrodes (it is necessary to clean the candles with emery, after which they should be rinsed with gasoline and dried);
the size of the gap between the electrodes does not correspond to that specified by the manufacturer in the engine operating manual (the gap is adjusted by bending the side electrode to the required dimensions);
insulators for spark plugs or high-voltage wiring are damaged (defective plugs and wiring must be replaced);
the STOP button is shorted to ground (for normal engine start, the short circuit must be removed);
contacts in the angles of the candles are broken (contacts should be put in order);
the gap between the magnetic shoe and the starter does not correspond to the standard value (gap adjustment is required);
defects are found on the stator of the ignition system (the stator must be replaced).
Air leaks through the seals of the carburetor, spark plugs, spark plug heads and cylinders, as well as the carburetor and engine cylinder connections.
If a leak is detected in the connections, it is necessary to tighten the fastening bolts, tighten the spark plugs and check the integrity of the gaskets between the plug heads and the cylinders.
Incomplete closure of the carburetor choke.
To eliminate this problem, it is necessary to ensure free movement of the damper by checking the quality of the drive. If jams are found, they must be eliminated.
Compression and carburetor malfunctions
It so happens that the launch is carried out, but its process is significantly complicated. At the same time, the engine of the walk-behind tractor is extremely unstable and cannot develop power sufficient for normal operation.
The reason for this may be loss of compression, which can be identified by:
soot on the working surfaces of the valves, as well as the seats of the cylinder blocks;
deformation of the intake valve;
wear of the piston rings.
In order to restore compression, you must:
Check the technical condition of the engine timing mechanism, clean the parts contaminated with carbon deposits, and if there are any defects, replace them.
Check the condition of the piston rings and replace defective components.
If, during engine operation, black smoke comes out of the muffler, and an excess of oil is detected on the spark plug electrodes, or they themselves are covered with carbon deposits, this means that:
an oversaturated fuel mixture is fed to the carburetor;
the sealing of the carburetor fuel valve is broken;
In the event that, when the engine is running, light smoke comes out of the muffler, and the spark plug electrodes are dry and covered with a white coating, this means that a lean fuel mixture enters the carburetor. This problem is eliminated by adjusting the carburetor operation.
Units and components of motors that are installed on agricultural mini-machinery are exposed to significant loads. They can also fail during the operation of the unit, which will very quickly lead to serious failures.
If suspicious noises, jerks and irregularities in the operation of the walk-behind tractor systems are detected, it is very important to immediately turn off the engine, and then let it cool down - only after that it will be possible to fix the problem.
If, during operation, the motor starts to gain momentum on its own, i.e. is "running out", most likely this means that the fastening of the regulator and traction levers is loose. In this case, the user will have to readjust the motor control drive.
Sometimes, when the throttle is fully open, the engine does not accelerate when the throttle is pressed, but on the contrary begins to lose power until it stops completely. This is a clear sign of overheating, so the walk-behind tractor must be turned off and wait until its components have completely cooled down.After that, you should check the oil level in the crankcase, and also check the cleanliness of the ribbed surfaces of the blocks and cylinder heads.
Under increased engine loads, it can jam. There may be several reasons for this:
not enough oil in the crankcase;
a nadir formed on the lower head of the connecting rod;
the connecting rod or oil spray is completely out of order.
If the motor of the walk-behind tractor is jammed, it will have to be disassembled and the condition of the main units and components should be checked: faulty, deformed, melted, etc. subject to replacement.
What to do if the motor block motor works intermittently and does not develop the required power? There may be several reasons for this behavior:
Air does not enter the carburetor, which means that the fuel does not burn well - the filter will have to be cleaned or changed.
Fuel residues and combustion products form a thick deposit on the inner walls of the muffler, which must be removed.
In this case, the assembly will have to be removed, disassembled and properly cleaned all of its components. After that, the carburetor must be assembled and properly adjusted.
Wear of the cylinder-piston group.
Temperature and high loads do their job, and even the most durable metal wears out and deforms over time. Such parts should be replaced immediately, otherwise you can pay for this with irreparable damage in the engine itself.
Damaged ratchet housing or ratchet
The presence of this problem is indicated by the lack of movement of the crankshaft when the engine is started. To replace the clutch housing and ratchet, you will have to completely disassemble the starting block.
Loosen the screws securing the starter housing to the engine housing.
If the starter cord does not return to its original position, the starter motor must be adjusted. To do this, the screws are loosened and the position of the knot is set by hand so as to ensure the normal return of the cord.
A fairly common reason for the lack of a return stroke of the starter cord is the failure of the starter spring - it will have to be replaced.
The service life of any equipment is significantly increased by competent maintenance of its main units and components. The promptness of replacing worn-out spare parts is also of great importance. Therefore, in the event of the slightest malfunctions and malfunctions, they should be eliminated immediately - as a result, this will prevent much more serious and expensive problems.
The device, repair and maintenance of the "Ugra" walk-behind tractor are the most frequently asked questions on specialized forums. In this article, we will take a closer look at these issues.
Motoblocks of the Ugra brand comply with all European standards and safety tolerances, they have established themselves as reliable and hardy helpers for the farmer. In conjunction with functional attachments, they can be used all year round.
The manufacturer is the Russian company “Kaluga Engine” (“KaDvi”), which produces motors, spare parts for tractors, attachments and motoblocks “Ugra” and “Oka”.
An instruction is a document that provides the owner with complete information about the device, including the following:
unit device (with diagrams of main units and descriptions);
characteristics of the model;
first-run guides;
descriptions of running-in;
list of maintenance stages;
list of possible problems.
We suggest that you briefly familiarize yourself with the information provided in the instructions.
“Ugra” consists of the following structural elements:
four-stroke single-cylinder carburetor engine;
running gear;
transmissions;
walk-behind tractor controls.
The figure shows a cross-section of a gasoline internal combustion engine:
Let's list the components of the carburetor engine installed on the "Ugra" walk-behind tractor:
fuel filters;
crankshaft;
Air filter;
ignition system;
4 cylinders;
valves;
crankshaft bearings.
Fuel supply system.Provides preparation of a fuel-air mixture and consists of the following elements:
carburetor;
fuel tank;
faucet;
air filter;
fuel hose.
Trigger mechanism. The starter is part of the starting system, with its participation the engine flywheel is spun up, and then the crankshaft. Some engine models are equipped with a decompressor for easy starting of the power plant and an electric starter, which is powered by a battery.
Ignition system of the "Ugra" walk-behind tractor. Thanks to this system, sparking occurs at the spark plug with a pre-set amplitude. The following elements provide the necessary conditions for the formation of a spark and ignition of the air-fuel mixture:
flywheel;
magnetic shoe;
magneto;
candle.
Lubrication. An internal combustion engine has many rubbing parts, so a lubrication system is necessary for the proper and smooth operation of the power plant.
Cooling system. The power plant cylinders get very hot during operation and in order to protect the engine from overheating and premature wear, care must be taken to remove heat and cool the cylinders. This task is handled by the air flows created by the rotation of the flywheel impeller when the crankshaft rotates.
Gas distribution system. Responsible for the flow of the fuel mixture into the cylinder, as well as for the removal of exhaust gases outside. A muffler acts as a gas outlet.
We offer you to see the full cycle of operation of a four-stroke power plant:
The carburetor is used to ignite the fuel. It works like this: the piston moves upward, creating a vacuum. The carburetor absorbs the air that flows through the tube. The created vacuum allows fuel to flow from the tank to the engine through the connecting fitting. The fuel then flows around the main needle and through the inlet socket back into the tube.
While pressing the throttle lever, the low speed needle opens access to gasoline, after which the fuel flow is controlled only by the main needle.
The instability of the engine speed of the walk-behind tractor indicates that the carburetor needs adjustment. To do this, you must first warm up the engine. Further:
At the end of the procedure, the motor starts up and warms up for about 10 minutes.
The accuracy of carburetor adjustment can also be determined by how the spark plug looks after a short period of time under load. If the working mixture is ideal, then there will be neither carbon deposits nor traces of fuel on the spark plug, which indicate that the combustible mixture is too lean, or, conversely, too rich.
Owners of Ugra walk-behind tractors are interested in what kind of oil should be poured into the engine? We answer: for the power plant it is best to use motor oil of the TAD-17I or TAP-15V brand (GOST 23652-79), high-quality synthetic and semi-synthetic motor oils.
We offer you to watch a video on how the oil is changed:
