DIY weima walk-behind tractor repair

Like any technique, a walk-behind tractor requires timely maintenance and repair. And it is advisable to entrust their implementation to specialists who have the necessary tools and equipment and know their job well. However, if you are also familiar with the device of internal combustion engines and understand the topic of mechanical engineering, then you can do a lot of what may be required to restore the operability of the machine yourself.

Diesel and gasoline engines have different motor resources. For the former, the normal figure is 4000 m3 / h, but the latter are capable of providing only 1500 m3 / h. Despite this, diesel models of walk-behind tractors are not in high demand. After all, both when buying and during operation, they are much more expensive. Therefore, most likely you are working with a walk-behind tractor equipped with a gasoline (carburetor) engine.

All breakdowns that may arise during the operation of agricultural mini-equipment can be conditionally divided into two categories:

1. Engine malfunctions:

• startup problems;
• malfunctions.

1. Malfunctions of other units and mechanisms:

• improper clutch operation;
• breakdowns in the gearbox;
• problems with the chassis;
• malfunctions of control and automation;
• malfunctions of walk-behind tractor systems (cooling, lubrication, etc.).

In many ways, the success of repairing a suddenly out of order machine depends on the correctness of the diagnostics. With regard to maintenance, it is carried out precisely in order to identify small malfunctions, which subsequently lead to serious ones.

If you do not have the necessary knowledge, premises, tools and materials necessary for servicing and repairing the motor, entrust the work to a specialist!

If attempts to start the walk-behind tractor were unsuccessful, this means that there are malfunctions in the engine or starting system. In order to determine the source of the breakdown, you first need to check the spark plugs.

If the spark plugs are dry, this means that the fuel mixture is not entering the engine cylinders. There may be several reasons for this:

• there is no fuel in the tank;
• the fuel supply valve is closed;
• the hole in the gas tank plug is clogged;
• foreign objects have entered the fuel supply system.

To fix problems with the fuel supply, you must:

1. Fill the tank of the walk-behind tractor.
2. Open the fuel cock.
3. Clean the drain hole located in the fuel filler cap.
4. Remove the fuel cock, drain the fuel tank and rinse it with clean gasoline. After that, remove the connecting hose on the side of the carburetor and blow it out together with the carburetor nozzles without disassembling the latter using the fuel pump.

If fuel enters the carburetor but does not reach the cylinder, the problem is with the carburetor itself. To eliminate it, this unit must be removed, disassembled and cleaned. Well, after that - assemble and install in place. Therefore, before performing all the necessary manipulations, it does not hurt at all to refresh the memory of the device and the principle of operation of the carburetor.

In the event that, when checking the candles, they turned out to be wet, i.e. fuel is supplied normally, but the engine does not start, the problem may be as follows:

1. Failure of the ignition system:

• there is a characteristic carbon deposit on the spark plug electrodes (it is necessary to clean the candles with emery, after which they should be rinsed with gasoline and dried);
• the size of the gap between the electrodes does not correspond to that specified by the manufacturer in the engine operation manual (the gap is adjusted by bending the side electrode to the required dimensions);
• insulators for spark plugs or high-voltage wiring are damaged (defective plugs and wiring must be replaced);
• the STOP button is shorted to ground (for normal engine start, the short circuit must be removed);
• contacts in the angles of the candles are broken (contacts should be put in order);
• the gap between the magnetic shoe and the starter does not correspond to the standard value (gap adjustment is required);
• defects are found on the stator of the ignition system (the stator must be replaced).

1. Air leaks through the seals of the carburetor, spark plugs, spark plug heads and cylinders, as well as the carburetor and engine cylinder connections.

If a leak is detected in the connections, it is necessary to tighten the fastening bolts, tighten the candles and check the integrity of the gaskets between the heads of the candles and the cylinders.

1. Incomplete closure of the carburetor choke.

To eliminate this problem, it is necessary to ensure free movement of the damper by checking the quality of the drive. If jams are found, they must be eliminated.

Compression and carburetor malfunctions

It so happens that the launch is carried out, but its process is significantly complicated. At the same time, the engine of the walk-behind tractor is extremely unstable and cannot develop power sufficient for normal operation.

The reason for this may be loss of compression, which can be identified by:

• soot on the working surfaces of the valves, as well as the seats of the cylinder blocks;
• deformation of the intake valve;
• wear of the piston rings.

In order to restore compression, you must:

1. Check the technical condition of the engine timing mechanism, clean the parts contaminated with carbon deposits, and if there are any defects, replace them.
2. Check the condition of the piston rings and replace defective components.

If, during engine operation, black smoke comes out of the muffler, and an excess of oil is detected on the spark plug electrodes, or they themselves are covered with carbon deposits, this means that:

• an oversaturated fuel mixture is fed to the carburetor;
• the sealing of the carburetor fuel valve is broken;
• the oil scraper ring of the piston is worn out;
• the air filter is clogged.

To fix this problem, you should:

1. adjust the carburetor;
2. replace the leaky valve;
3. replace worn piston rings;
4. clean or replace a defective air filter.

In the event that, when the engine is running, light smoke comes out of the muffler, and the spark plug electrodes are dry and covered with a white coating, this means that a lean fuel mixture enters the carburetor. This problem is eliminated by adjusting the operation of the carburetor.

Units and components of motors that are installed on agricultural mini-machinery are exposed to significant loads. They can also fail during the operation of the unit, which will very quickly lead to serious failures.

If suspicious noises, jerks and irregularities in the operation of the walk-behind tractor systems are detected, it is very important to immediately turn off the engine, and then let it cool down - only after that it will be possible to fix the problem.

If, during operation, the motor starts to gain momentum on its own, i.e. is "running out", most likely this means that the fastening of the regulator and traction levers is loose. In this case, the user will have to readjust the motor control drive.

Sometimes, when the throttle is fully open, the engine does not accelerate when the throttle is pressed, but on the contrary begins to lose power until it stops completely. This is a clear sign of overheating, so the walk-behind tractor must be turned off and wait until its components have completely cooled down.After that, you should check the oil level in the crankcase, and also check the cleanliness of the ribbed surfaces of the blocks and cylinder heads.

Under increased engine loads, it can jam. There may be several reasons for this:

• not enough oil in the crankcase;
• a nadir formed on the lower head of the connecting rod;
• the connecting rod or oil spray is completely out of order.

If the motor of the walk-behind tractor is jammed, it will have to be disassembled and the condition of the main units and components should be checked: faulty, deformed, melted, etc. subject to replacement.

What to do if the motor block motor works intermittently and does not develop the required power? There may be several reasons for this behavior:

Air does not enter the carburetor, which means that the fuel does not burn well - the filter will have to be cleaned or changed.

Fuel residues and combustion products form a thick deposit on the inner walls of the muffler, which must be removed.

In this case, the assembly will have to be removed, disassembled and properly cleaned all of its components. After that, the carburetor must be assembled and properly adjusted.

1. Wear of the cylinder-piston group.

Temperature and high loads do their job, and even the most durable metal wears out and deforms over time. Such parts should be replaced immediately, otherwise you can pay for this with irreparable damage in the engine itself.

1. Damaged ratchet housing or ratchet

The presence of this problem is indicated by the lack of movement of the crankshaft when the engine is started. To replace the clutch housing and ratchet, you will have to completely disassemble the starting block.

1. Loosen the screws securing the starter housing to the engine housing.

If the starter cord does not return to its original position, the starter motor must be adjusted. To do this, the screws are loosened and the position of the knot is set by hand so as to ensure the normal return of the cord.

A fairly common reason for the lack of a return stroke of the starter cord is the failure of the starter spring - it will have to be replaced.

The service life of any equipment is significantly increased by competent maintenance of its main units and components. The promptness of replacing worn-out spare parts is also of great importance. Therefore, in the event of the slightest malfunctions and malfunctions, they should be eliminated immediately - as a result, this will prevent much more serious and expensive problems.

Some of the information that may come in handy when repairing a walk-behind tractor, see the article Device of a walk-behind tractor.

Engine won't start... When it comes to a gasoline engine, when troubleshooting, it is necessary to consistently check all possible causes of the malfunction, namely:

• Switching on the ignition.
• Fuel in the tank.
• Opening the fuel cock.
• The state of the carburetor air damper (when starting a cold engine, it must be closed).
• Fuel flow to the carburetor. To do this, you need to fill the float chamber by drowning the float button (fuel should start pouring out of the hole in the float chamber cover), or disconnect the fuel hose from the carburetor and check if the gasoline runs freely. If the fuel runs too thin or does not run at all, this may indicate a dirty fuel filter in the tank or a clogged fuel tank cap air valve. Repair of the walk-behind tractor in this case will be reduced to cleaning the filter or valve.

The state of the spark plug may indicate the flow of fuel into the engine cylinder, which in any case must be checked when troubleshooting the ignition system. The candle is unscrewed from the cylinder cover, having previously disconnected the wire, and inspected. If it is dry, it means that the fuel mixture is not being supplied to the cylinder.And if before that it was established that gasoline enters the carburetor, it means that the reason for not starting the engine may be in the carburetor - contamination of its filter mesh, clogging of the jet or some other malfunction. Whatever it is, the carburetor needs to be removed, disassembled and cleaned, however, this device is very complex and before repairing it, you should at least look at the diagram of the carburetor.

A wet candle indicates that fuel is entering the cylinder. Sometimes the walk-behind tractor does not start from an excess of fuel mixture, so if there is too much gasoline on the plug, you need to dry the cylinder by thoroughly “pumping” the engine with a hand starter with the plug turned out. Before that, you need to shut off the fuel supply.

If the plug is dirty with carbon deposits, it should be cleaned with gasoline and fine sandpaper. It is also necessary to check the size of the gap between the electrodes and, if necessary, adjust it in accordance with the requirements of the operating manual. Usually the gap should be about 0.8 mm.

After that, you need to check for the presence of a spark - connect a wire to the candle, press its metal part to the cylinder cover and simulate the engine start with a starter. If the spark plug is in good working order, a spark will appear between the electrodes. Sometimes it happens that a spark occurs, but it is so weak that it is not enough to ignite the fuel. If in doubt about the strength of the spark, you need to check the operation of the engine with a new spark plug.

The absence of a spark can mean a malfunction of the spark plug, lack of contact in the electrical circuit, violation of the gap between the ignition coil and the magnetic circuit, malfunction of the electronic ignition coil. All of these elements must be checked. Defective spark plug and ignition coil must be replaced.

In the event that the walk-behind tractor is equipped with an electric starter, the engine may not start due to a discharge of the battery, a blown fuse, or a malfunction of the starter. Check the battery charge, replace the fuse, repair or replace the starter.

The engine does not develop power... If the engine of the walk-behind tractor starts, but does not develop power (it works intermittently, stalls or does not pick up speed under load), the following malfunctions may be possible causes of unsatisfactory operation.

The air filter is dirty, as a result of which insufficient air enters the carburetor, and the fuel mixture is re-enriched. Correct maintenance of the walk-behind tractor requires periodic cleaning of the air filter, however, in very dusty work, more frequent cleaning may be required. It is necessary to check the condition of the air filter and, depending on its material, clean it using one of the appropriate methods. The paper filter is cleaned by lightly tapping on something solid and blowing it with a vacuum cleaner, the foam filter is washed in water with detergent and dried, the mesh filter is blown out with a vacuum cleaner, etc. At the end of their service life, filters must be changed.

Poor fuel quality. Bad fuel must be replaced with the one recommended by the manufacturer.

Defective ignition system. You need to check it as described above. Clean the spark plug and adjust the gap between its electrodes, check that there is no damage in the electrical circuit and the gap between the coil and the magnetic circuit (if provided by the walk-behind tractor repair manual).

Sometimes the engine cannot develop power due to clogging of the muffler with combustion products. In this case, you need to disassemble the muffler and check its condition, if necessary, rinse it in gasoline and clean it with a carbon sink using detergents. The non-dismountable muffler is dried with a hairdryer after washing. Remember that carbon deposits contain substances that are carcinogenic and should not be dry cleaned that could cause them to inhale.When removing the muffler, plug the engine outlet with a clean cloth.

Dirt or improper adjustment of the carburetor of the walk-behind tractor. It is necessary to remove and clean the carburetor, and then adjust it, if provided for by the instructions for the walk-behind tractor.

A drop in engine power can be caused by a decrease in compression due to wear of the cylinder-piston group, the formation of scoring and scratches on the cylinder and piston, “sinking” in the grooves or broken piston rings. In this case, check the compression by connecting a compressor to the spark plug hole and turning the engine shaft with a starter. Normal compression is characterized by a value of at least 8 atm (normal compression can be indicated in the engine specifications). When measuring it, you need to take into account that the presence of a decompressor in the engine may affect the readings of the compressor. The compression value in this case is about 5 atm. will not mean a low degree of wear of the cylinder-piston group, but the actuation of the decompression valve.

Diesel engine won't start... For most users, repairing and adjusting a walk-behind tractor with a diesel engine is a more difficult task than repairing a walk-behind tractor with a gasoline engine. Not so much, perhaps, because of the structural complexity of the diesel engine, but because of the lack of experience, since household appliances are usually equipped with gasoline engines.

The most common faults or conditions that can cause diesel engines to not start are outlined in the following table. A detailed list of diesel malfunctions and ways to eliminate them are set out in the operating instructions for specific diesel motoblocks.

• Cylinder head nuts not tightened or cylinder head gasket damaged.
• Worn piston, cylinder liner or piston rings.
• Piston rings seized or broken.
• The correct valve clearance has been violated.
• The valve stem is jammed in the guide.

• Tighten the cylinder head nuts evenly in a diagonal sequence. Replace the cylinder head gasket.
• Replace worn parts.
• Check piston rings, wash or replace them.
• Adjust clearance.
• Remove the valve, flush it and the guide with fuel.

Faults in the clutch itself depend on its type. If the walk-behind tractor has a belt drive that acts as a clutch, slippage can occur if there is oil contamination on the drive belt or pulley, the belt is not tensioned or is too worn out. The remedies for these problems are obvious - clean the transmission elements from dirt, tighten or replace the belt.

In a dry disc clutch, slippage can be caused by oil contamination on the driven and driven discs. It should be removed by rinsing the discs with gasoline and drying.

Regardless of the type of clutch (dry or oil), slippage can lead to wear of the friction layer of the discs, weakening of the compression spring, lack of a gap between the pressure element and the release bearing. The remedy depends on the nature of the problem. Worn discs and springs change, if the gaps in the clutch are violated, the clutch of the walk-behind tractor is adjusted accordingly.

The clutch does not completely disengage... In this case, you should also start by checking the tension in the cable from the control handle to the clutch.

Incomplete clutch disengagement can also be caused by deformation of the friction discs, sticking them on the splines, non-compliance with the required parameters of the characteristics of the oil poured into the clutch housing. The latter applies to oil bath couplings. It is necessary to replace the deformed discs, eliminate the causes of their jamming on the splines, change the oil.

Increased noise in the gearbox (gearbox)... Noises in the gearbox may occur due to a lack of oil in it or a mismatch in its quality with the required parameters - in terms of brand and purity. It is necessary to add oil to the gearbox of the walk-behind tractor or replace it.

Transmission units can make noise due to the banal non-tightening of fasteners. You need to review and tighten them.

Most often, noise occurs due to worn gears and bearings. In this case, they are harbingers of more serious breakdowns. Timely repair of the walk-behind tractor gearbox, which consists in replacing worn parts, will help to avoid them.

Failure to turn on, spontaneous shutdown, or difficulty changing gears... These faults can occur for a number of reasons:

• Due to the deterioration of the parts involved in gear shifting. Usually, wear (rolling) of the ends of the engaging gears occurs, which leads to incomplete engagement and self-deactivation of the speeds. In this case, it is necessary to disassemble the gearbox of the walk-behind tractor and dress the gear teeth by grinding or, if the wear is too great, replace them.
• Due to abrasion of the shaft splines, as well as axial displacement of the shafts due to wear on bearings and circlips. The axial position of the shafts can be adjusted by installing additional circlips. Excessively worn bearings and rings must be replaced.
• Due to improper adjustment of the clutch, which can lead to difficult gear shifting. The clutch is not squeezed out (disengaged) to the end. The inexperience of the operator releasing the clutch lever too early when shifting gears can also lead to this. You need to adjust the clutch and learn how to shift gears correctly.

The gearbox is a rather complex unit. If the work and device of the walk-behind tractor is a complete secret for the user, you should not start repairing it yourself. It is better to entrust this work to those for whom maintenance and repair of machines is a professional matter.

Transmission units are warming up... Among the main reasons for this malfunction are the worn out bearings, insufficient level of transmission oil in the crankcases, and the inadequacy of its condition to the required parameters. Corrective measures: replace bearings, top up or replace oil.

Oil leaks from the gearbox (gearbox)... This occurs when worn or improperly installed oil seals of bearing assemblies, not tightened caps or damaged gaskets under them, clogging of the air valve (breather) of the oil fill cap, filling the crankcase with oil above normal. The leak is eliminated, respectively, by replacing and correctly installing the oil seals, replacing the gaskets and tightening the cap fastening bolts, cleaning the breather, bringing the oil level to normal.

Instability of the walk-behind tractor while driving (yaw)... Different pressure in the right and left wheels, uneven wear of the tire tread, improper adjustment of trailers, in particular, the plow, leads to this type of movement of the walk-behind tractor. In this case, the adjustment of the walk-behind tractor should be reduced to equalizing the pressure in the wheels and adjusting the trailers. It is also necessary to use tires of the same degree of wear.

Increased vibration of the walk-behind tractor... Increased vibration usually occurs when incorrect adjustment or loosening of attachments (cutters, rotary mowers, etc.). If vibrations occur, immediately stop the walk-behind tractor and put the towing devices in order - fix the cutters or cutting segments of the rotary mower, replace them if they are worn out or broken.

The article lists only the most common malfunctions.The practice of operating motoblocks is replete with a much wider list of malfunctions - both atypical, which are sometimes very difficult to diagnose, and those whose nature and place is beyond doubt.

If it is not possible to eliminate the malfunctions of the walk-behind tractor on your own, the only option remains is to contact the service center for the maintenance and repair of walk-behind tractors.

Buying a cultivator greatly simplifies the process of performing summer cottage work of a various nature. It's not a secret for anyone that such equipment can break down and still breaks down. So that the summer resident does not have to buy a new unit, he must understand how to independently repair the cultivator. Let's discuss this issue later in this article.

All working components of cultivators during their operation are subject to rather heavy loads. For this reason, they need regular inspection and repair. First you need to configure the ignition and fuel pump systems of the unit. Indeed, in the winter period of time, he was idle "without work", which can cause problems with starting the engine. It is also worth checking the transmission. Remember, negligence at this stage of work can lead to serious breakdowns and the need to overhaul the cultivators.

To do it yourself, you need to mature at the root of the issue. That is, to understand the cause of the malfunction, and in which unit of the apparatus it arose.

Conventionally, all breakdowns of equipment of this type can be divided into two groups:

• breakdown of the engine of the apparatus;
• breakdown of other parts of the equipment.

According to the reviews of experienced summer residents who use Texas or Mole cultivators on their plots, problems of the first group are more common. How to carry out repairs yourself will become clear if you read this article to the end.

To repair the cultivator engine, as in the following photo, you need to determine the root cause of the problem. There may be several: let's discuss each option.

1. In cases where the engine of the apparatus does not start at all, perform the following sequence of actions:

• Turn on the ignition;
• Check the gasoline level;
• Open the fuel cock;
• Check carefully the air damper of the Texas walk-behind tractor carburetor: it should be tightly closed if you start a cold engine;

1. The motor of the Mole cultivator does not give power due to such problems:

• The air filter is clogged: repairing the cultivator with your own hands will be reduced to cleaning it;
• The muffler is clogged: it should be disassembled and washed;
• The carburetor of the Mole cultivator is dirty: it needs to be dismantled, cleaned and adjusted.

You will need to repair the cultivator gearbox if its operation is accompanied by increased noise. A similar phenomenon is typical in the case of a lack of oil. Add it to the gearbox of the device, or better, replace it altogether.

Also, noise can occur due to the "loosening" of the fasteners of the nodes: inspect and fix them with your own hands.

In addition, summer residents may face the problem of oil leakage from the gearbox. This can occur due to wear or improper installation of the seals of the bearing units, with poorly fixed covers and deformation of their accompanying gaskets. Replacement and subsequent high-quality installation of oil seals, self-replacement of gaskets and fixing of cover fasteners, as well as high-quality cleaning of the breather will help to eliminate such a leak.

Do not forget to timely change those parts of the Texas gearbox that are more susceptible to wear and tear during the operation of equipment of this kind.

Excessive vibration of the device during its operation is typical for those cases when the summer resident has poorly performed the adjustment of the attachments of the attachments. Stop the equipment the minute vibration is noticed and adjust the attachment parts accordingly. If the fasteners are worn out, they will need to be replaced with new ones.