Do-it-yourself weima walk-behind tractor repair

In detail: do-it-yourself weima walk-behind tractor repair from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

Like any piece of equipment, a walk-behind tractor requires timely maintenance and repair. And it is advisable to entrust their implementation to specialists who have the necessary tools and equipment and know their job well. However, if you are also familiar with the design of internal combustion engines and understand the topic of mechanical engineering, then you can do a lot of what may be required to restore the machine to working capacity.

Diesel and gasoline engines have different motor resources. For the first, the normal figure is 4000 m / h, but the latter are able to provide only 1500 m / h. Despite this, diesel models of walk-behind tractors are not in high demand. After all, both when buying and during operation, they are much more expensive. Therefore, most likely, you are working with a walk-behind tractor equipped with a gasoline (carburetor) engine.

All breakdowns that may occur during the operation of agricultural mini-equipment can be divided into two categories:

Engine malfunctions:

launch problems;
malfunctions.

Malfunctions of other units and mechanisms:

improper clutch operation;
breakdowns in the gearbox;
problems with the running gear;
control and automation malfunctions;
malfunctions of motoblock systems (cooling, lubrication, etc.).

In many ways, the success of repairing a suddenly failed machine depends on the correctness of the diagnosis. As for maintenance, it is carried out precisely in order to identify small malfunctions that will subsequently lead to serious ones.

Video (click to play).

If you do not have the necessary knowledge, premises, tools and materials necessary for the maintenance and repair of the motor, entrust the work to a specialist!

If attempts to start the walk-behind tractor were unsuccessful, this means that there are malfunctions in the engine or starting system. In order to determine the source of the breakdown, it is first necessary to check the spark plugs.

If the spark plugs are dry, it means that the fuel mixture is not entering the engine cylinders. There may be several reasons for this:

no fuel in the tank;
the fuel supply valve is closed;
the hole in the gas tank cap is clogged;
Foreign objects have entered the fuel supply system.

To fix fuel supply problems, you must:

Fill the tank of the walk-behind tractor.
Open the fuel cock.
Clean the drain hole located in the gas tank cap.
Remove the fuel cock, drain the gasoline from the tank and flush it with clean gasoline. After that, remove the connecting hose located on the side of the carburetor and blow through it together with the carburetor jets without disassembling the latter using the fuel pump.

If fuel enters the carburetor but does not reach the cylinder, the problem is in the carburetor itself. To eliminate it, this assembly must be removed, disassembled and cleaned. Well, after that - assemble and install in place. Therefore, before performing all the necessary manipulations, it does not hurt to refresh the device and the principle of operation of the carburetor in memory.

In the event that when checking the candles they turned out to be wet, i.e. fuel is supplied normally, but the engine does not start, the problem may be as follows:

Ignition system failure:

there is a characteristic soot on the electrodes of the spark plugs (it is necessary to clean the candles with emery, after which they should be washed with gasoline and dried);
the size of the gap between the electrodes does not correspond to those specified by the manufacturer in the engine operating manual (the gap is adjusted by bending the side electrode to the desired size);
insulators of spark plugs or high-voltage wiring are damaged (faulty spark plugs and wiring must be replaced);
the STOP button is shorted to ground (for a normal start of the engine, the short circuit must be eliminated);
contacts in the squares of candles are broken (contacts should be put in order);
the gap between the magnetic shoe and the starter does not correspond to the standard value (gap adjustment is required);
Defects were found on the stator of the ignition system (the stator must be replaced).

Air leaks through carburetor seals, spark plugs, spark plug and cylinder heads, and carburetor and engine cylinder connections.

If depressurization of the connections is detected, it is necessary to tighten the fixing bolts, tighten the candles and check the integrity of the gaskets between the heads of the candles and the cylinders.

Incomplete closing of the carburetor air damper.

To eliminate this problem, it is necessary to ensure the free movement of the damper by checking the quality of the actuator. If jamming is found, they must be eliminated.

Compression failure and carburetor failure

It happens that the launch is carried out, but its process is significantly complicated. At the same time, the engine of the walk-behind tractor is extremely unstable and cannot develop sufficient power for normal operation.

The reason for this may be a loss of compression, which can be identified by:

soot on the working surfaces of the valves, as well as the seats of the cylinder blocks;
intake valve deformation;
piston ring wear.

In order to restore compression, you must:

Check the technical condition of the engine gas distribution mechanism, clean the parts contaminated with soot, and if there are defects, replace them.
Check the condition of the piston rings and replace defective components.

If during the operation of the engine black smoke comes out of the muffler, and an excess of oil is detected on the electrodes of the candles or they themselves are covered with soot, this means that:

a supersaturated fuel mixture is supplied to the carburetor;
the sealing of the carburetor fuel valve is broken;
the oil scraper ring of the piston is worn out;
the air filter is clogged.

To resolve this issue, you should:

adjust the carburetor;
replace a leaky valve;
replace worn piston rings;
clean or replace the failed air filter.

In the event that when the engine is running, light smoke comes out of the muffler, and the electrodes of the candles are dry and covered with a white coating, this means that a lean fuel mixture enters the carburetor. This problem is eliminated by adjusting the carburetor.

The nodes and components of motors that are installed on agricultural mini-equipment are subjected to significant loads. They can also fail during the operation of the unit, which will very quickly lead to serious failures.

If suspicious noises, jerks and irregularities in the operation of the motoblock systems are detected, it is very important to immediately turn off the engine, and then let it cool down - only after that it will be possible to fix the problem.

If during operation the motor starts to gain momentum on its own, i.e. goes "peddling", most likely this means that the fastening of the regulator levers and traction has weakened. In this case, the user will have to readjust the motor control actuator.

Sometimes, when the throttle is fully open, the engine does not accelerate when the throttle is pressed, but rather begins to lose power until it comes to a complete stop. This is a clear sign of overheating, so the walk-behind tractor must be turned off and wait until its components have completely cooled down.After that, you should check the oil level in the crankcase, as well as check the cleanliness of the finned surfaces of the blocks and cylinder heads.

Read also: Do-it-yourself zipper repair

Under increased loads on the engine, it may jam. There may be several reasons for this:

not enough oil in the crankcase;
a nadir has formed on the lower head of the connecting rod;
the connecting rod or oil sprayer is completely out of order.

If the motor block motor is stuck, it will have to be disassembled and the condition of the main components and components checked: faulty, deformed, melted, etc. are to be replaced.

What to do if the motor of the walk-behind tractor works intermittently and does not develop the required power? There can be several reasons for this behavior:

Air does not enter the carburetor, which means that the fuel does not burn well - the filter will have to be cleaned or changed.

Residues of fuel, as well as products of its combustion, form a thick coating on the inner walls of the muffler, which must be removed.

In this case, the assembly will have to be removed, disassembled and all its components should be cleaned properly. After that, the carburetor must be assembled and properly adjusted.

Wear of the cylinder-piston group.

Temperature and high loads do their job and even the strongest metal wears out and deforms over time. Such parts should be replaced immediately, otherwise you can pay for it with irreparable breakdowns in the engine itself.

Breakage of the ratchet housing or ratchet

The presence of this problem is indicated by the absence of movement of the crankshaft when starting the engine. To replace the clutch housing and ratchet, you will have to completely disassemble the starting block.

Loosening the screws securing the starter housing to the engine housing.

If the start cord does not return to its original position, the starter needs to be adjusted. To do this, the screws are loosened and the position of the knot is set by hand so as to ensure normal return of the cord.

A fairly common reason for the starter cord not returning is the failure of the starter spring - it will have to be replaced.

Competent maintenance of its main units and components significantly increases the service life of any equipment. Efficiency of replacement of worn-out spare parts has considerable value also. Therefore, if the slightest failures and malfunctions occur, they should be dealt with immediately - as a result, this will prevent much more serious and expensive problems.

Some of the information that may be useful when repairing a walk-behind tractor, see the article Motoblock device.

Engine won't start. If we are talking about a gasoline engine, when troubleshooting, it is necessary to sequentially check all possible causes of malfunctions, namely:

Switching on the ignition.
The presence of fuel in the tank.
Opening the fuel cock.
The condition of the carburetor air damper (should be closed when starting a cold engine).
Fuel supply to the carburetor. To do this, you need to fill the float chamber by drowning the float button (fuel should begin to pour out of the hole in the float chamber cover), or disconnect the fuel hose from the carburetor and check if gasoline runs freely. If the fuel runs too thin or does not run at all, this may indicate a dirty fuel filter in the tank or a clogged tank cap air valve. Repair of the walk-behind tractor in this case will be reduced to cleaning the filter or valve.

The condition of the spark plug may indicate the flow of fuel into the engine cylinder, which in any case must be checked when troubleshooting the ignition system. The candle is unscrewed from the cylinder cover, having previously disconnected the wire, and inspected. If it is dry, it means that the fuel mixture is not supplied to the cylinder.And if before that it was established that gasoline enters the carburetor, then the reason for not starting the engine may be in the carburetor - contamination of its filter mesh, clogging of the jet or some other malfunction. Whatever it is, the carburetor must be removed, disassembled and cleaned, but this device is very complex and you should at least look at the carburetor circuit before repairing it.

A wet spark plug indicates that fuel is entering the cylinder. Sometimes the walk-behind tractor does not start from an excess of fuel mixture, so if there is too much gasoline on the candle, you need to dry the cylinder by thoroughly “pumping” the engine with a manual starter with the candle turned out. Before that, you need to shut off the fuel supply.

If the candle is contaminated with soot, it should be cleaned with gasoline and fine sandpaper. It is also necessary to check the gap between the electrodes and, if necessary, adjust it in accordance with the requirements of the instruction manual. Usually the gap should be about 0.8 mm.

After that, it is necessary to check for the presence of a spark - attach a wire to the candle, press its metal part to the cylinder cover and simulate the start of the engine with the starter. If the candle is working, a spark will occur between the electrodes. Sometimes it happens that a spark occurs, but so weak that it is not enough to ignite the fuel. If there is any doubt about the strength of the spark, you need to check the operation of the engine with a new candle.

The absence of a spark can mean a malfunction of the candle, a lack of contact in the electrical circuit, a violation of the gap between the ignition coil and the magnetic circuit, a malfunction of the electronic ignition coil. All of these elements must be checked. Faulty spark plug and ignition coil must be replaced.

In the event that the walk-behind tractor is equipped with an electric starter, the engine may not start due to a discharge of the battery, a blown fuse, or a malfunction of the starter. You need to check the battery charge, replace the fuse, repair or replace the starter.

The engine does not develop power. If the engine of the walk-behind tractor starts, but does not develop power (works intermittently, stalls or does not pick up speed under load), the following malfunctions may be possible causes of unsatisfactory operation.

The air filter is dirty, as a result of which insufficient air enters the carburetor, and the fuel mixture is too rich. Proper maintenance of the walk-behind tractor requires periodic cleaning of the air filter, however, in very dusty work, more frequent cleaning may be required. It is necessary to check the condition of the air filter and, depending on its material, clean it in one of the appropriate ways. The paper filter is cleaned by lightly tapping on something hard and blown with a vacuum cleaner, the foam rubber is washed in water with detergent and dried, the mesh filter is blown with a vacuum cleaner, etc. Filters need to be changed at the end of their service life.

Low quality fuel. Bad fuel must be replaced with the one recommended by the manufacturer.

Faulty ignition system. You need to check it as described above. Clean the spark plug and adjust the gap between its electrodes, check for damage in the electrical circuit and the gap between the coil and the magnetic circuit (if provided for by the walk-behind tractor repair manual).

Sometimes the engine cannot develop power due to the muffler being clogged with combustion products. In this case, you need to disassemble the muffler and check its condition, if necessary, rinse it in gasoline and clean it with a sink from carbon deposits using detergents. The non-separable muffler is dried with a hairdryer after washing. Remember that soot contains substances that are carcinogens, and dry cleaning, as a result of which their inhalation is possible, is unacceptable.When removing the muffler, plug the engine outlet with a clean rag.

Dirty or incorrect adjustment of the carburetor of the walk-behind tractor. It is necessary to remove and clean the carburetor, and then adjust it, if this is provided for by the instructions for the walk-behind tractor.

A drop in engine power can be caused by a decrease in compression due to wear of the cylinder-piston group, the formation of scoring and scratches on the cylinder and piston, “recession” in the grooves, or broken piston rings. In this case, the compression is checked by connecting a compression gauge to the spark plug hole and turning the engine shaft with a starter. Normal compression is characterized by a value of at least 8 atm (normal compression can be indicated in the engine specifications). When measuring it, it must be taken into account that the presence of a decompressor in the engine can affect the readings of the compression gauge. The compression value in this case is about 5 atm. will not mean a low degree of wear of the cylinder-piston group, but the operation of the decompression valve.

Diesel engine does not start. For most users, repairing and tuning a diesel engine is a more difficult task than repairing a gasoline engine. Not so much, perhaps, because of the design complexity of the diesel engine, but because of the lack of experience, since household appliances are usually equipped with gasoline engines.

The most common faults or conditions that may cause diesel engines to not start are listed in the table below. A detailed list of diesel engine malfunctions and ways to eliminate them are set out in the operating instructions for specific diesel walk-behind tractors.

Cylinder head nuts not tightened or cylinder head gasket damaged.
Worn piston, cylinder liner or piston rings.
Piston rings jammed or broken.
The correct valve clearance is broken.
The valve stem is stuck in the guide.

Tighten the cylinder head nuts evenly and diagonally. Replace cylinder head gasket.
Replace worn parts.
Check piston rings, clean or replace them.
Adjust gap.
Remove the valve, wash it and the guide with fuel.

Malfunctions of the clutch itself depend on its type. If the walk-behind tractor has a belt drive that acts as a clutch, slippage may occur if there is oil contamination on the drive belt or pulley, the belt is not tight or too worn. The ways to fix these problems are obvious - clean the transmission elements from contamination, tighten or replace the belt.

In a dry disc clutch, slippage can be caused by oil contamination on the driven and driven discs. It should be removed by washing the discs with gasoline and drying.

Regardless of the type of clutch (dry or oil), wear of the friction layer of the discs, weakening of the compressive spring, lack of clearance between the pressure element and the release bearing can lead to slippage. The method of correction is determined by the nature of the malfunction. Worn discs and springs are changed, if the gaps in the clutch are violated, the clutch of the walk-behind tractor is adjusted accordingly.

Clutch does not fully disengage. In this case, you should also start by checking the tension of the cable from the control knob to the clutch.

Deformation of the friction discs, their jamming on the splines, and non-compliance with the required characteristics of the oil poured into the clutch housing can also lead to incomplete disengagement of the clutch. The latter applies to couplings operating in an oil bath. It is necessary to replace the deformed discs, eliminate the causes of their sticking on the splines, change the oil.

Increased noise in the gearbox (gearbox). Noises in the gearbox can occur due to a lack of oil in it or a mismatch of its quality with the necessary parameters - in terms of brand and cleanliness. It is necessary to add oil to the walk-behind tractor gearbox or replace it.

Transmission units may make noise due to the banal not tightening of fasteners. You need to review and tighten them.

Most often, noise occurs due to worn gears and bearings. In this case, they are harbingers of more serious breakdowns. Timely repair of the walk-behind tractor gearbox, which consists in replacing worn parts, will help to avoid them.

Not turning on, spontaneous turning off or difficulty shifting gears. These malfunctions can occur for a number of reasons:

Due to the wear of the parts involved in switching speeds. Usually there is wear (rolling) of the ends of the gears that turn on, which leads to incomplete engagement and self-deactivation of speeds. In this case, it is necessary to disassemble the walk-behind tractor gearbox and straighten the gear teeth by grinding or, if the wear is too great, replace them.
Due to abrasion of shaft splines, as well as shaft displacement in the axial direction due to wear of bearings and circlips. You can adjust the axial position of the shafts by installing additional retaining rings. Excessively worn bearings and rings must be replaced.
Due to improper clutch adjustment, which can lead to difficult shifting. Clutch does not disengage (disengage) all the way. The inexperience of the operator releasing the clutch lever when shifting gears too early can also lead to this. You need to adjust the clutch and learn how to shift gears correctly.

The gearbox is a rather complex unit. If the work and device of the walk-behind tractor is a complete secret for the user, you should not start repairing it yourself. It is better to entrust this work to those for whom the maintenance and repair of machines is a professional matter.

Transmission units get hot. Among the main causes of this malfunction are the wear of bearings, insufficient level of gear oil in the crankcases, and the discrepancy between its condition and the required parameters. Corrective measures: replace bearings, top up or change oil.

Oil leakage from the gearbox (gearbox). This occurs when the seals of the bearing assemblies are worn or incorrectly installed, the covers are not tightened or the gaskets under them are damaged, the air valve (breather) of the oil filler cap is clogged, and the oil is filled into the crankcase above normal. The leak is eliminated, respectively, by replacing and properly installing the seals, replacing the gaskets and tightening the cap bolts, cleaning the breather, and bringing the oil level to normal.

Walk-behind tractor instability during movement (yaw). Different pressure in the right and left wheels, uneven wear of the tire tread, incorrect adjustment of trailers, in particular, the plow, leads to this nature of the movement of the walk-behind tractor. In this case, the adjustment of the walk-behind tractor should be reduced to equalizing the pressure in the wheels and adjusting the trailers. It is also necessary to use tires of the same degree of wear.

Increased vibration of the walk-behind tractor. Increased vibration usually occurs with improper adjustment or loosening of attachments (milling cutters, rotary mowers, etc.). If vibrations occur, immediately stop the walk-behind tractor and put the trailers in order - fix the cutters or cutting segments of the rotary mower, replace them if they are worn or broken.

The article lists only the most common malfunctions. The practice of operating walk-behind tractors is replete with a much wider list of malfunctions - both atypical, which are sometimes very difficult to diagnose, and those whose nature and place are beyond doubt.

If it is not possible to eliminate the malfunctions of the walk-behind tractor on your own, the only option left is to contact the service center for the maintenance and repair of walk-behind tractors.

Buying a cultivator greatly simplifies the process of performing various types of summer work. It's no secret that such equipment can and does break down. So that the summer resident does not have to buy a new unit, he must understand how to independently repair the cultivator. Let's discuss this issue later in this article.

All working components of cultivators during their operation are subject to rather strong loads. For this reason, they need regular inspection and repair. First you need to set up the ignition system and the fuel pump of the unit. Indeed, in the winter period of time, he was idle "without work", which can cause problems with starting the engine. It's also worth checking the transmission. Remember, negligence at this stage of work can lead to serious damage and the need to overhaul the cultivators.

To do it with your own hands, you need to see into the root of the issue. That is, to understand the cause of the malfunction, and in which node of the apparatus it arose.

Conventionally, all breakdowns of equipment of this type can be divided into two groups:

breakdown of the engine of the device;
failure of other parts of the equipment.

According to the reviews of summer residents with experience who use Texas or Mole cultivators on their plots, problems of the first group are more common. How to repair it yourself will become clear if you read this article to the end.

To repair the cultivator engine, as in the following photo, you need to determine the root cause of the problem. There may be several of them: let's discuss each option.

In cases where the engine of the device does not start at all, perform the following algorithm of actions:

Turn on the ignition;
Check the level of gasoline;
Open the fuel cock;
Check carefully the air damper of the Texas motoblock carburetor: it should be tightly closed if you are starting a cold engine;

The Mole cultivator motor does not give power due to such problems:

The air filter is clogged: repairing the cultivator with your own hands will come down to cleaning it;
The muffler is clogged: it should be disassembled and washed;
The carburetor of the Mole cultivator is dirty: it needs to be dismantled, cleaned and adjusted.

You will need to repair the cultivator gearbox if its operation is accompanied by increased noise. A similar phenomenon is typical in case of lack of oil. Add it to the gearbox of the device, or better replace it altogether.

Also, noise may occur due to the “looseness” of the fasteners of the nodes: inspect and fix them with your own hands.

In addition, summer residents may encounter the problem of oil leakage from the gearbox. This can occur when the seals of the bearing units are worn or improperly installed, when the covers are poorly fixed and the gaskets accompanying them are deformed. The replacement and subsequent high-quality installation of oil seals, self-replacement of gaskets and fixation of cover fasteners, as well as high-quality cleaning of the breather will help to eliminate such a leak.

Do not forget to change in a timely manner those parts of the Texas gearbox that are more prone to wear during the operation of equipment of this kind.

Excessive vibration of the device during its operation is typical for those cases when the summer resident has poorly adjusted the attachment attachments. Stop the machine the minute the vibration is noticed and adjust the attachments as needed. If the fasteners are worn out, they will need to be replaced with new ones.

This article has described the most common problems that summer residents may encounter when preparing a cultivator for the new season. You can eliminate them with your own hands without much difficulty, but you need to approach this task responsibly. The video in this article will once again tell in detail about the features of repairing cultivators.

one for the record “How to repair a cultivator yourself”

Where to find carburetor and valve adjustment texas 532 lili TG

Like any complex technique, walk-behind tractors cannot be constantly serviceable. During their operation, sooner or later, various minor malfunctions appear, which, if they are not eliminated in a timely manner, threaten to develop into a serious breakdown. Of course, the best option is to contact a service center to fix the problem, but sending your two-wheeled assistant for service due to each minor problem is an unacceptable waste of precious time, because their owners have no other choice but to do minor repairs of walk-behind tractors with their own hands .

Despite today's variety of brands and modifications, they all have common, typical malfunctions of walk-behind tractors, which can be conditionally divided into;

Starting problems and engine malfunctions;
Chassis problems;
Transmission malfunctions;
Improper clutch operation;
Malfunctions in the operation of cooling systems, lubrication, etc.

It’s worth mentioning right away that the repair of a diesel and gasoline walk-behind tractor differs significantly from each other. Breakdowns in the diesel engine of a walk-behind tractor are much less common, but they are much more serious than those of its gasoline counterpart. Therefore, in most cases, it is better to entrust the elimination of malfunctions of a diesel walk-behind tractor to a specialist, and at home you can only perform its adjustment, adjustment and elimination of minor malfunctions.

Do-it-yourself troubleshooting of a walk-behind tractor always begins with their correct definition. If you notice any malfunctions in the work of your two-wheeled helper, but you cannot independently determine their cause, call 2-3 nearby owners of two-wheeled helpers for help. Usually such a “council” determines a possible malfunction with almost 100% accuracy, in addition, more technically “savvy” neighbors are always ready to delve into someone else’s mechanism, actively helping to eliminate the breakdown.

When starting troubleshooting, you need to carefully read the instruction manual for your model in order to have a clear understanding of its device. Most often, owners have to repair the engine of a walk-behind tractor, since it is the motor that is the most complex in design, and therefore the most problematic unit in any mechanism. Also, often the owners have to independently repair the gearbox on the walk-behind tractor.

Repairing a walk-behind tractor engine with your own hands most often consists in debugging the flow of fuel into the engine, repairing the starting device, or repairing the carburetor. Each of these breakdowns can be the topic of a separate article, since their possible causes, and, accordingly, the ways to eliminate them, are extremely diverse.

For example, the causes of breakdown and repair of a starter on a walk-behind tractor will differ markedly depending on which starter is installed on your model: manual or spring. With manual, a significant number of breakdowns happen just because of excessive diligence at startup. Therefore, the repair of a manual starter most often consists in replacing the cord or bending the starter springs at the attachment point. For a spring starter, the most common minor repair is to replace the spring. In any case, in order to determine what exactly broke down in the starter, you will have to disassemble the part of the mechanism where it is installed.

Another large group of malfunctions that often occur in such mechanisms is the breakdown of the gearbox and gearbox.There is nothing surprising in the fact that the gearbox (gearbox) wears out quickly - after all, you have to change gears much more often than even start and stop the engine.

Manufacturers often install non-separable gearboxes on cheap light-class models. When installing this option, repairing the walk-behind tractor gearbox is impossible - it can only be completely changed.

Repair will be possible only when the model has a collapsible gearbox. In this case, minor repairs to the walk-behind tractor gearbox come down to disassembling it, carefully inspecting all its parts and replacing those that have at least minimal defects.

When repairing your two-wheeled assistants on your own, always remember that you are taking on a great responsibility, because at least the reliable operation of your equipment, and often your own health, will depend on its correctness and completeness.

Motoblocks can significantly facilitate work on the plot. This is a compact agricultural machinery that has high functionality and versatility. With its help, you can not only loosen the soil, but also carry out basic plant care and harvesting activities.

Like any other technique, walk-behind tractors sometimes fail. Fortunately, they have a relatively simple design, and simple repairs can be done even with your own hands. To do this, you need to learn how to determine which part of the walk-behind tractor is out of order, and what needs to be done to restore the operation of the equipment. Our article will help you with this, which not only describes the principle of operation of the walk-behind tractor, but also the main causes of equipment failure and how to eliminate them.

Most models consist of the same parts, so repairing the main components can be done by hand.

Figure 1. Standard drawing of a walk-behind tractor

Each walk-behind tractor consists of a base frame, a gasoline or diesel engine, a fuel tank, a rotor for mounting cutters, wheels and a bracket for fixing attachments. The most important component is, of course, the engine, on the successful operation of which the operation of the equipment will depend (Figure 1). In addition, modern models have fuel supply, cooling, ignition and gas distribution systems, and the occurrence of malfunctions in them can also lead to a shutdown of the unit.

The main function of the walk-behind tractor is loosening the soil with the help of special cutters that are mounted on the frame of the device.

Note: Unlike a conventional plow, the cutter does not turn over the soil and prevents soil erosion.

In addition, the equipment can be used for loosening row spacings in the process of growing crops, and special nozzles are useful for harvesting. Simple models (cultivators) consist of several wheels and handles that are used to control the machinery. On the handles are the buttons necessary for control. More powerful and modern models are mini-tractors without a cab. In this case, the control is carried out by buttons and pedals located on the dashboard.

Despite the fact that walk-behind tractors are produced by a wide variety of manufacturers, it is customary to divide all such equipment into types depending on weight and power (Figure 2).

According to this criterion, walk-behind tractors are:

Ultralight - weighing up to 15 kg;
Light (about 40 kg);
Medium - from 45 to 60 kg;
Heavy (more than 60 kg).

Figure 2. Main types of machinery and attachments

As a rule, all types of equipment are supplied with an internal combustion engine with a capacity of 1.5 to 10 horsepower. This is necessary so that even an ultra-light model can successfully cope with soil loosening in areas with heavy and dense soils.

Since the main part of any equipment is the engine, the main number of breakdowns is associated with it (Figure 3).In some cases, poor engine performance may be due to low-quality fuel or a dirty air filter. There are also cases that the engine does not work properly due to insufficient warm-up, malfunctions in the ignition system, carburetor or pistons.

Figure 3. The main parts of the engine

We will try to understand the main types of damage to the walk-behind tractor, which can be eliminated with our own hands. However, if you are not confident in your own abilities or are afraid that it is impossible to fix the problem on your own, it is better to contact a specialist.

If the engine does not start when you try to start, there may be problems with the motor itself or its starting system.

To troubleshoot fuel supply problems, do the following:

Check the spark plugs: if they are dry, it means that no fuel is entering the engine cylinders. Such a malfunction can occur when blockages form in the gas tank cap, debris enters the fuel supply system, when the supply valve is closed, or there is a banal lack of gasoline.
Fill the tank with fuel and try to start the engine again.
Check the fuel cock: if it is closed, it is necessary to change its position to open it.
Clean the drain hole of the fuel tank.
Drain the gasoline from the tank, remove the fuel cock and flush it with clean gasoline.
Remove the connecting hose near the carburetor and blow through it (together with jets).

If all these manipulations did not help, and the fuel enters the carburetor, but does not enter the cylinder, then the malfunction is in the carburetor and this part must be carefully examined.

A common cause of carburetor failure is blockages. In this case, it is enough to disassemble the part, remove the source of contamination and reassemble. This will help you instructions, which must be provided by the manufacturer (Figure 4).

Figure 4. Diagram of the carburetor

The main goal of all manipulations with the carburetor is to adjust the immersion of the float, which is attached to the piston system with a bracket. It often happens that the bracket is deformed, the float does not sink correctly and the carburetor does not function correctly. Adjustment of the bracket is carried out with a conventional screwdriver, both with the needle valve open and closed.

After fixing the carburetor, it is also recommended to check the serviceability of the valves. It is necessary to check the fit of each of them and, if necessary, restore the optimal gap.

It often happens that during the operation of the walk-behind tractor, extraneous noise appears in its gearbox. As a rule, this is due to an insufficient amount of oil in it, and to eliminate the malfunction, it is enough to simply add fluid to the gearbox (Figure 5).

However, if there is enough oil in the gearbox and the noise persists, the grade and purity of the oil may not be suitable for your model. In this case, the oil must be completely drained, the system flushed and refilled with new, more suitable oil.

Figure 5. Diagram of the gearbox

In addition, extraneous noise may be associated with insufficient fixation of the transmission elements. They must be inspected and, if necessary, tightened more tightly. It should also be borne in mind that the gearbox elements must be inspected and replaced in a timely manner when the first signs of wear are detected. So you can avoid more serious repairs in the future.

Engine malfunctions can occur both at start-up and during operation. In this case, it is necessary to check the spark plugs. If they are dry, there is a problem with the fuel supply, and if they are wet, the malfunction is in the engine itself.

One of the most common startup problems is the failure of the ignition system. To eliminate such a malfunction, first of all, you need to inspect the electrodes of the candles, and remove the soot that could form on them with emery. After that, the candles are washed with gasoline and dried.Starting problems can also be related to incorrect electrode spacing. In this case, they just need to be gently bent to the distance specified by the manufacturer.

In addition, ignition problems may be due to damage to the wiring or spark plug insulators. These items must be replaced. Also, the lack of engine start may be due to stator defects. Unfortunately, this part cannot be repaired on its own and will simply have to be replaced.

Much more often, the engine shows signs of malfunction directly during operation. This is due to the fact that small agricultural machinery is subjected to heavy loads and requires regular inspection and prevention.

Note: If the walk-behind tractor began to move jerkily or make extraneous noises, it is necessary to turn it off, let the engine cool down and only then proceed with the inspection.

Common engine problems are:

An independent increase in engine speed indicates that the governor and traction levers have weakened and need to be re-adjusted.
When you press the gas lever, the engine does not gain momentum, but on the contrary, it loses power. This indicates an overheating of the motor, so the equipment must be turned off and wait until it has completely cooled down.
Interruptions in engine operation can be associated with a clogged air filter or muffler. The equipment must be turned off, cool and inspect the parts for cleaning and removing blockages.

In addition, engine malfunctions can be associated with carburetor malfunctions or insufficient oil in it. In this case, the part must be disassembled, inspected and filled with new oil.

It is more difficult to repair a walk-behind tractor with a diesel engine than a gasoline one, since such a motor has a more complex design. As a rule, possible malfunctions and ways to fix them yourself are set out in the instructions, so we will focus only on the most common ones.

Diesel engine malfunctions can be associated with such problems.:

Nozzle blockage: the part must be removed, cleaned and reinstalled.
Weak fuel injection pressure you can also adjust it yourself, using the instructions for the technique.
The engine turns too easily with the starter: this indicates insufficient compression in the cylinder. To eliminate the malfunction, it is necessary to alternately tighten all the nuts on the cylinder and replace the gasket on its head. It is also necessary to inspect the piston rings, and wash or replace them if necessary.

Starter failures can also cause engine malfunction. Most often there are situations when the screws securing the starter housing to the engine housing are loosened. In this case, the launch cord will not return to its original position. To fix the problem, you need to loosen the screws and adjust the position of the cord so that it easily returns to its original position (Figure 6).

Figure 6. Scheme for repairing a starter

In addition, malfunctions may be associated with wear on the starter spring. It cannot be repaired, so the worn part just needs to be replaced.

Video (click to play).

If you want to learn the practical skills of repairing your own hands, we recommend watching a video that describes the main causes of equipment failure and how to fix them.