In detail: do-it-yourself repair of MTZ 80 82 from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.
Universal row-crop tractors "Belarus" MTZ-80, MTZ-82 are among the best domestic tractors. Every year their design is being improved, quality is improving, efficiency, reliability and maintainability are increasing. They are widely recognized by machine operators.
At the same time, tractor downtime is still long due to failures and malfunctions, the occurrence of which is often due to the low culture of machine operation, the unsatisfactory quality of repairs.
The main reference material when carrying out repairs for tractor drivers and mechanics-repairmen is the instruction manual for the MTZ-80, MTZ-82 tractors, published by the factories and the supplier. Despite the informativeness of the instructions, the data contained in it on the design, repair, etc. and replaceable tools, pullers, fixtures, instrumentation, on the basic rules and sequence of disassembly and assembly of the tractor are insufficient. As a result, even experienced machine operators often disassemble the tractor and its components at random. Due to the lack of data on fault detection, many parts fit for work are replaced, which leads to an increase in the cost of repair.
This manual can provide practical assistance to machine operators, mechanics-repairmen of workshops of collective and state farms, tenants. It contains information about the causes of malfunctions and methods of their elimination, shows the correct techniques for performing disassembly and assembly and adjustment work during the current repair of the MTZ-80, MTZ-82 tractors.
We should take into account that manufacturers are constantly improving products in order to increase their reliability and better suitability for service. Therefore, the design of some of the parts shown in the figures may differ from the design of parts of a real tractor, which is at the consumers' disposal.
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The manual was prepared by the staff of GOSNITI F. N. Pukhovitsky and S. V. Petrov (compilers), O. M. Kopylov, E. Zh. Sapozhnikov.
The manufacturer has developed and introduced into production several modifications of MTZ-80 and MTZ-82. Different models differ in external design, different ways of connecting attachments, transmission ratios, engine starting method, agricultural clearance, etc. However, the repair of these models differs slightly. Both tractors are made according to the classic scheme and have a semi-frame design with a front engine. The four-stroke diesel engine with a volume of 4.75 liters has four cylinders and is equipped with either an electric starter or a PD-10 starting engine with a capacity of 10 hp.
Maintenance and overhaul of MTZ-80 82
The main point of work during routine repairs is to remove faulty assemblies and parts from the tractor with their subsequent replacement with new or repaired ones. This is the main type of repair when repairing a tractor with your own hands. In this case, it is necessary to be guided by the following principles:
1. The tractor, unit or assembly unit must be disassembled to the extent necessary to identify and eliminate the cause of the malfunction;
2. It is only necessary to remove the machine from the tractor if the malfunction cannot be eliminated otherwise.
Tractors MTZ-80 and MTZ-82 have units and assemblies mounted on a semi-frame frame. It consists of a front frame for the installation of a diesel engine and interconnected transmission units. Therefore, the disassembly of the tractor includes the disconnection of the frame and the removal of the units. For disassembly, special devices and devices are used, which makes it possible to make a reliable installation and removal by jacking up.Installation and dismantling of the units should be carried out using a crane, electric or manual hoist. Unreasonable disassembly of the tractor and its units reduces their service life, since after each disassembly, the wear rate increases. When carrying out repairs with your own hands, special attention should be paid to the correct assembly sequence, followed by adjustment of assemblies, parts and drives.
Do-it-yourself routine repair of the tractor can be carried out both in a special room and in the open air. However, in the case of overhaul of units and mechanisms, it is necessary to contact specialized workshops, which have all the equipment and instrumentation necessary for these purposes.
Nevertheless, tractor repair, a laborious and time-consuming procedure, as practice shows, not every owner is capable of repairing his tractor on his own. There can be a lot of reasons, for example, there are no specialized areas for repairs, or the corresponding equipment. If you have just such a situation, then do not despair and contact a specialized service for tractor repair. In Moscow and the Moscow region, at a professional level, the company is engaged in the repair of tractors "Tractor Service", experienced specialists of the company will put any of your tractor and tractor equipment on their feet without any problems.
Universal - row-crop tractors MTZ-80 “Belarus”, MTZ-82 “Belarus” have been produced by the Minsk Tractor Plant since 1974. The target at that time was the creation of a tractor with a capacity of 75-80 hp. traction class 1.4.
In the 2000s, the above models were significantly upgraded. The design of the tractor has received many changes. In particular, a new cab with a deeply modernized engine was installed. Production employees managed to achieve seventy percent unification of parts and assembly units, which is also important for the repair of MTZ 80, 82 tractors.
Having received a small rebranding, the tractors entered the market under the brands “Belarus-80” and “Belarus-82”, respectively.
The traditional layout of the MTZ-80 tractor is based on a semi-frame structure with supporting crankcases for transmission units. The engine has received a forward location. Rear drive wheels have a significantly larger diameter relative to the front idler wheels.
Four-wheel drive is the advantage of the MTZ-82 tractor.
The plant has developed several modifications of the above models, which differ from each other by the type, transmission ratios, engine starting method, attachment points for attachments, external design, the type of rubber used, the amount of agricultural clearance, the installation of systems that ensures operation on steep slopes. However, the repair of the MTZ 80, 82 tractors differs slightly.
These are the most common tractors in the CIS, owners of four-cylinder four-stroke family 4CH11 / 12.5 (only models D-240 and D-243) produced by the Minsk Motor Plant with a semi-divided combustion chamber made in a piston, liquid-cooled, a preheater PZHB-200B was installed on some of the engines.
The working volume of the engine is 4.75 liters. Rated power 59.25 kW (80 hp), originally 55.16 kW (75 hp).
Starting the engine when repairing the MTZ 80, 82 tractor is carried out by an electric starter (modifications D-240/243), or a starting engine PD-10 (modifications D-240L / 243L), with a rated power of 10 hp [6], with start blocking at included gear.
The rigid suspension of the rear wheels on the driving axles has terminal connections, which allows the track width to be continuously varied within 1400-2100 mm. Front wheels with semi-rigid suspension are also adjustable within 1200-1800, but in steps (100 mm step).
A practical guide for the current repair of tractors MTZ-80, 82
Operating manual BELARUS 80.1 / 80.2 / 82.1 / 82.2 / 82R (repair of the MTZ 80, 82 tractor)
Description and repair of tractors MTZ-80, 82
Tractors "Belarus" MTZ-80, MTZ-80L, MTZ-82, MTZ-82L (repair manual for tractors MTZ 80, 82 and their modifications)
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The second part of the video report on the restoration of the cab on the MTZ-82 tractor. I will show you how the interior decoration was done.
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Repair of the MTZ-82 tractor. Restoration MTZ-82 help channel is a subscription!
Papered over with simple leather vinyl for upholstering entrance doors using “Master” or “Super” Atbasar nitro-glue.
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Repair of the MTZ tractor. Series No. 10. Cabin repair. Did you like this video? Support him like, leave.
Removal, disassembly, cleaning, painting of power steering. Replacement of rem. to-t. Installing washers under the spool.
Sunflower Harvesting Valve Adjustment My referral link for.
link to Repair of steering of the MTZ-80, MTZ-82 tractor
Wiring of the MTZ tractor from scratch. Repair MTZ80 Hello people, I apologize for loading the video so late.
do not copy. do it your way.
I will tell you about the way to restore the power steering of the YuMZ (MTZ) tractor. Power steering after repair (revision).
The channel already has a video about the repair of the MTZ generator, I decided to shoot another one. As always, I tried to think hard.
Repair of MTZ 82! We sort out the starter. SUBSCRIBE the channel and watch new videos FIRST. This composition.
The video was filmed on 10/23/2017. In this video, we still found the cause of the knock in the engine.
Repair of the MTZ tractor. Series number 11. Cabin repair. Did you like this video? Support him like, leave.
I am editing a video of a similar plan. Questions to the mail. Don't forget to like it. If you like it.
Repair of the MTZ tractor Repair of the launcher PD 10 Repair of the MTZ tractor. Series No. 1 Tractor repair.
We disassemble the tractor generator, check it. testing.
how to repair gur mtz 80, gur mtz repair kit, does not turn gur mtz.
For the 7th season in our farm, the MTZ tractor was repaired: - Overhaul of the engine; - Cap.
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Tell me how to adjust the gearing of the vertical shaft with the horizontal, final drives in the MTZ-82 FDA.
And is the kingpin pipe of the old and new designs interchangeable? DIY MTZ-80 (82) repair https://my.housecope.com/wp-content/uploads/ext/967/node/51831. Please continue communication here. The old theme will be archived
Guys tell me what to do so that they could not start the tractor. The thing is, as I go on a day off, they take my tractor, because they have their own. I’m tired of swearing and the engineer says don’t regret, damn, but I’m sorry that one or the other will be broken off, it came to a fight once. fights. it’s worth the launcher, about the launcher not to offer, he did and magnetically blocked and blocked the air, what can be done like this so that the diesel engine is not started, but do not disassemble anything so that it comes, cleaned and started,
tired of swearing and the engineer says do not regret
Engineer nah. Let him twist the nuts at least once.
tell me where is this valve on the pump,
the valve on the high-pressure fuel pump is installed - the return flow from the high-pressure fuel pump is drained on old tractors, the tube went to the pump to a double fitting, on the new one from this valve, the return flow goes directly to the tank fitting, turnkey 19, and there is a cork 14 in it. under it there is a spring and a ball. there will be no pressure in the filters, the tractor will not start, no matter how much you pump it, but over time they will bite out and from another tractor or from Kamaz they will screw it up, it's the same there.
unscrew the large plug on the pumping pump (the key is probably 32), take out the spring and twist it back, this will be the fastest. I tried with the valve, but the tractor still started up, maybe under load and wouldn’t be lucky, but I didn’t try
the eyes are afraid and the hands are doing
he is like they have no time, and they themselves sit for half a day at the stern of the warehouse, so it's a shame for me that I'm wiping their asses.
Here, the root cause of evil. Anti-theft to the light bulb, in revenge, the workers can do this to you.
Who will fuck later ?, but you. Half measures cannot solve the problem.
Made a light bulb as prompted. Hooray! Working! Thanks!
Guys who will tell you what can be done with a plastic tank lid so that it does not leak, or can someone redo it share
Only the one who does nothing is not mistaken
Guys who will tell you what can be done with a plastic tank lid so that it does not leak, or can someone redo it share
Did you try to put the rubber gasket into the cork? 
I don’t know this option will suit you, I have a metal tank, I didn’t like this narrow neck and I picked up the thread so that it screwed onto the neck and welded this thread to the neck of the GA Z53, and then screwed it onto the neck of the tractor.
If you are interested in the idea, contact me, I will provide a photo.
Guys who will tell you what can be done with a plastic tank lid so that it does not leak, or can someone redo it share
Hi everybody! please tell me who knows or had to. can antifreeze be poured into MTZ? since there is no expansion barrel from the factory. I had a dispute with my superiors. that it is possible to fill in antifreeze without an expansion tank, but it does NOT need only to put an expansion tank. I want to know who is right. tell.
Since 2003 I have been using antifreeze, but I haven’t heard about the expansion tank,
the eyes are afraid and the hands are doing
Hi everybody! please tell me who knows or had to. can antifreeze be poured into MTZ? since there is no expansion barrel from the factory. I had a dispute with my superiors. that it is possible to fill in antifreeze without an expansion tank, but it does NOT need only to put an expansion tank. I want to know who is right. tell.
in principle, antifreeze has a large expansion when heated, so there are two outputs - put an expander (you can from a bug, an Oise) or keep the level lower in the radiator - in practice, I get that the level is two centimeters below the level of the tubes. if I fill it above the tubes in the radiator (half a tank) then throws out a little antifreeze to a level of -1-2 cm. and then this level does not go down. I add a liter and a half-antifreeze comes out and it will be thrown out a day.
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Tell me how to adjust the engagement of the vertical shaft with the horizontal, final drives in the MTZ-82 FDA.
And is the kingpin pipe of the old and new designs interchangeable?
adjustable with shims.
As far as I know, the kingpin pipe of the new model differs in that it has a thicker platform for the bolts with which it is attached. I think they are interchangeable.
On my own I changed a vertical shaft with bearings, put a new sample and everything is fine, although it is longer than the old one.
What is the tightening torque of the vertical shaft bearings, what is the clearance in the gears? When will the pipe change the tractor sideways not stand up?
What is the tightening torque of the vertical shaft bearings, what is the clearance in the gears? When will the pipe change the tractor sideways not stand up?
The bearing is tightened to the stop, and then released by one eighth of a turn and locked.
I will look for a gap in reference books.
In fact, if you do side-by-side, then you need to do it symmetrically, and so the front axle wobbles, in principle, it will not be noticeable.
Good day. Can you tell me if it is possible to replace the PTO drive shaft and ring gear without removing the gearbox on the MTZ tractor?
Thank you very much Igorek! But nevertheless you think you will change the other side! And if your first year is 82, tell us about the weak points, he was just 1 year old for me (before that he worked at the T-70, of course he is good, but the asphalt around now stands as a dead weight).
Personally, I would go through both onboard, they work the same way so that everything is symmetrical and even.
I screwed up my front axle due to inexperience: in the early years I did not check the level in the upper bevel pair of the front axle, this is on the left and right above the final drives.
Here in my spring harrowing plow, when the bridge is turned on all the time, the right conical pair is jammed, I had to cut the axle in half, remove the differential, the right axle shaft and the vertical shaft, then I assembled it and continued to work. After the sowing, I bought the parts and assembled them, everything works.
When there is a lot of transport work and when harvesting hay, I throw off the cardan to the front axle, otherwise when the rolls are thick as they wind. and it's off anyway.
From autumn on plowing and winter I put the PVM cardan.
In general, I have it turned off almost all the time, I turn it on when I fall through in the spring and I can get out myself, hopefully I’m not working alone in the field.
Every spring I change the engine oil and wash the filters, including the fuel filters.
And so at the moment my weak point is the brakes, one left wheel brakes, the right side has ceased.
Maybe someone will tell you about brake repair?
The main malfunctions of the D-240 diesel engine
The technical condition of individual systems and mechanisms of the D-240 diesel engine of the MTZ-80 tractor is determined by external and indirect signs, as well as using diagnostic tools.
A decrease in the power of a diesel engine, excessive consumption of crankcase oil, the appearance of a large amount of gases coming out of the breather indicate wear of the cylinder-piston group, coking (sticking) of the piston rings.
Difficulty starting a diesel engine, interruptions during operation at the minimum crankshaft speed, the appearance of black smoke from the exhaust pipe indicate malfunctions of the fuel equipment, contaminated fuel filters, low pressure in the system, loose fit, burnout of valve seats and valve plates.
The degree of contamination of the filter elements for fine fuel purification and the maximum pressure developed by the fuel priming pump are checked with the KI-13943 device.
The drop in the power of the D-240 engine of the MTZ-80 tractor, a decrease in the crankshaft rotation speed are also affected by contamination of the air cleaner, leaks in the air intake duct connections, violation of the adjustment of the regulator control lever.
The degree of contamination of the air cleaner elements is determined by an indicator, the sensor of which is installed in the intake manifold of the diesel engine.
The appearance of a red stripe in the inspection window of the warning device (or the illumination of a warning light on the cab instrument panel for tractors manufactured since 1989) during diesel operation indicates the need to clean the air cleaner.
The tightness of the intake air duct is checked at an average diesel crankshaft speed by blocking the central pipe of the air cleaner.
In this case, the diesel engine must stop quickly. Otherwise, use the indicator. KI-13948 identify leaks in the intake tract and eliminate the malfunction. The indicator pressure should not exceed 0.08 MPa.
If the speed of the crankshaft of the D-240 engine, determined by the tachospeedometer, or the speed of the power take-off shaft does not correspond to the nominal values, you should pay attention to the adjustment of the regulator thrust.
When the pedal is fully depressed or the fuel control handle is set to the "Full" position, the outer regulator lever must rest against the maximum speed limiter bolt.
Excessive consumption (waste) of crankcase oil or a large amount of gases coming out of the breather, the appearance of blue smoke from the exhaust pipe indicate the extreme wear of the cylinder-piston group.
To assess the technical condition of the cylinder-piston group, a method is used to determine the amount of gases breaking through into the diesel crankcase. This parameter is measured using a KI-4887 gas flow meter.
During the operation of MTZ-80 tractors, there are cases when not all cylinders fail. This can be caused by coking ("sticking") or breakage of the piston rings, which inevitably leads to scuffing of the working surface of the cylinder liner.
A comparative assessment of the technical condition of each cylinder is carried out by measuring the pressure at the end of the compression (compression) stroke at the starting speed of the crankshaft using the KI-861 compressor (Fig. 2.1.3).
Rice. 2.1.3. Checking the compression in the cylinders of the D-240 diesel
1 - compressor KI-861; 2 - mounting plate
The minimum pressure at the end of the compression stroke for a new engine should be 2.6-2.8 MPa; the pressure of the extremely worn one is 1.3-1.8 MPa. The most accurate reading is obtained by determining the difference in compression values for each cylinder.
If the difference between the compression of an individual cylinder and the average compression value in the remaining cylinders exceeds 0.2 MPa, then this indicates a malfunction of this cylinder.
The decrease in pressure at the end of the compression stroke in individual cylinders is affected by the violation of the tightness of the valve-seat interface. Loose fit of the valves to the seats is possible due to a violation of the clearance adjustment in the valve drive.
In the absence of a gap between the valve and the rocker arm during the working stroke of the piston, gases break through the leaks and destroy the surface of the working chamfers of the valve and its seat; as a result, the compression in the cylinder is reduced and the start of the diesel engine is difficult.
The release of coolant from the radiator, especially with an increase in the load on the diesel engine, indicates a breakdown of the cylinder head gasket, a weakening of the tightening of the nozzle glass, and the appearance of cracks in the cylinder head.
If it is not possible to eliminate the defect by tightening the cylinder head mounting bolts or injector cup nuts, then the head is removed and inspected.
An increase in the oil level in the crankcase of a diesel engine indicates a violation of the tightness of the liner seals with the block as a result of cracks, cavitation destruction of the metal of the cylinder block, the ingress of water from the cooling system into it and other factors.
Low or high oil pressure (gauge) and temperature (remote thermometer) indicate low oil pump flow, wear or misalignment of the drain and bypass valves, excessive wear on the crank joints, malfunction of the thermostat valve in the cooling system, poor oil quality , contamination of the centrifugal oil cleaner.
If the oil pressure in the lubrication system according to the pressure gauge is below 0.08 MPa, the engine is stopped, the reasons for the pressure drop are found out and eliminated, the drain valve of the centrifugal oil filter is readjusted by tightening its spring, and the filter parts are washed.
If, as a result, the pressure does not increase, the pressure in the diesel lubrication system is measured with the KI-13936 device (Fig. 2.1.4) at the rated crankshaft rotation speed and, according to its readings, it is judged that the diesel engine needs to be repaired.
Rice. 2.1.4. Measurement of oil pressure in the engine smear system D-240
1 - device KI-13936; 2 - centrifugal oil filter
The appearance of extraneous noise and knocking during the operation of the motor indicates an increased or extreme wear of the mates of its parts.
When the limiting gaps in the mating of parts are reached, as a result of wear, dynamic loads and accompanying knocks appear, which are heard by a stethoscope in certain zones and under the appropriate operating modes of the diesel engine.
The sound of a dull middle tone in the piston movement zone, first at minimum and then at maximum speed, indicates an increased clearance between the piston and the liner.
A strong ringing sound of a metallic tone under the same test conditions indicates the ultimate
wear or melting of the connecting rod bearing.
A deafened low-tone sound, periodically heard in the area of the main journals of the crankshaft at the rated speed with a periodic increase to maximum, indicates wear on the main bearing shells.
The ringing sounds of a high-pitched metal tone, constantly audible at any crankshaft speed and intensifying when the diesel engine warms up, indicates increased thermal clearances in the valve train.
With an increased thermal gap, the degree of filling the cylinder with air and cleaning it from exhaust gases decreases, which affects the power of the diesel engine.
The thermal clearance in the valve train is checked with a feeler gauge with the valves fully closed at the end of the compression stroke. On a "cold" D-240 engine, the gap should be within 0.40-0.45 mm.
Dull sounds heard on the block on the right side when the diesel engine is running at low revs indicate large gaps in the camshaft bushings.
Knocking under the camshaft cover when the crankshaft speed changes abruptly indicate significant wear on the camshaft teeth.
If the parameters of the technical condition of the diesel engine have reached their limiting values or exceed the values permissible in operation, then the diesel engine is disassembled for technical examination-inspection, micrometering of the couplings of the cylinder-piston group and the crank mechanism, replacement of parts.
Dismantling the diesel engine D-240
The assembled diesel engine (Fig. 2.1.6) is removed from the tractor and replaced with a new or repaired one in case of cracks in the cylinder block, emergency knocks of main or connecting rod bearings, the limiting value of the clearance in at least one interface between the crankshaft journal and the liner.
Rice. 2.1.6. Diesel engine D-240 of the MTZ-80 tractor assembled
1 - oil pan; 2 - crankshaft; 3 - connecting rod; 4 - flywheel; 5 - a camshaft; 6 - cylinder block; 7 - cylinder head; 8 - cylinder head cover; 9 - cap; 10 - valve; 11 - valve spring; 12 - piston; 13 - barbell; 14 - fan
The type of repair - major or current - is determined when measuring the main parts of a diesel engine: piston pins, pistons, cylinder liners, connecting rod bushings. First of all, check the condition of the connecting rod bearings and crankshaft journals.
To do this, remove the oil pan, oil lines, oil pump, connecting rod caps, measure the diameter of the crankshaft connecting rod journals (Fig. 2.1.8).
The diameter of the connecting rod journals is measured in two planes - parallel and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod.
If the ovality of the journals exceeds the permissible size or their diameter is less than the lower tolerance of the corresponding size group, then the crankshaft must be removed (Fig. 2.1.10) and reground to the next repair size.
Rice. 2.1.8. Measurement of the diameter of the connecting rod journals of the D-240 crankshaft
1 - micrometer; 2 - connecting rod journal of the crankshaft
Rice. 2.1.10. Removing the rear crankshaft support
1 - back support; 2 - bolts of the rear support
Nominal and repair dimensions of the connecting rod journals of the D-240 diesel engine of the MTZ-80 tractor
Size group designation / Size size, mm
H1 - 68.16-68.17
H2 - 67.91-67.92
D1 - 67.66-67.67
P1 - 67.41-67.42
D2 - 67.16-67.17
P2 - 66.91-66.92
DZ - 66.66-66.67
RZ - 66.41-66.42
In practice, in addition to overhaul dimensions (P1, P2, P3), alternated every 0.5 mm and determined by the diesel engine manufacturer, with slight wear of the crankshaft journal, they are ground to additional dimensions (D1, D2, DZ), alternating with overhaul dimensions through 0.25 mm.
In the same way, the inserts of repair sizes are bored for additional sizes (D1, D2, DZ). The ovality of the connecting rod journals of the D-240 diesel is allowed no more than 0.06 mm.
If the dimensions of the connecting rod journals are within the normal range, the disassembly of the motor is continued (Fig. 2.1.11-2.1.14), the cylinder head is removed and the pistons with the connecting rods are removed.
To decide whether it is necessary to replace the connecting rod bearing shells, measure the diameter of the connecting rod bearing bore with its cap assembly with shells tightened.
Rice. 2.1.11. Removing the cylinder head cover
Rice. 2.1.12. Removing the cylinder head cover D-240 of the MTZ-80 tractor
Rice. 2.1.14. Removing the cylinder head
The difference between the measurements of the diameters of the crankshaft connecting rod journal and the connecting rod bearing bore gives the actual diametral clearance in the connecting rod bearing. The nominal clearance in the connecting rod bearings corresponds to 0.05-0.12 mm, the allowable clearance is no more than 0.3 mm.
In cases where the surface of the bushings is in a satisfactory condition, the only criterion for the need to replace them is the size of the diametrical clearance in the bearing.
When assessing the condition of the liners by inspection, it should be borne in mind that the surface of the antifriction layer is considered satisfactory if there are no peeling, chipping of antifriction material and inclusions of foreign materials on it.
Seals of the crankshaft of the D-240 engine of the MTZ-80 tractor
To replace the cuff of the rear crankshaft seal, first remove the clutch and flywheel (Fig. 2.1.48, 2.1.49).
After removing the crankshaft seal housing from the side of the rear sheet (Fig. 2.1.50), press out the cuff with a stepped mandrel. When replacing the cuff of the front crankshaft seal, remove the front cover of the diesel engine.
Rice. 2.1.48. Unscrewing the flywheel mounting bolts D-240
Rice. 2.1.49. Pressing the flywheel
1 - back sheet; 2 - three-blade stripper; 3 - flywheel
Rice. 2.1.50. Removing the crankshaft seal housing
1 - seal housing; 2 - diesel back sheet; 3 - bolt
Tractors have been successfully used for more than half a century in agriculture, housing and communal services, construction, forestry enterprises. In the post-Soviet space, the most common of them are the MTZ-80 and MTZ-82 tractors, which are manufactured by the Minsk Tractor Plant. The increased demand is caused not only by the high power, functionality and performance, but also by the durability of the devices.
However, these machines sometimes fail and require repairs. Simple tasks of restoring the operability of these tractors can be solved with your own hands.
Maintenance and repair of tractors are mandatory procedures that every owner of universal wheeled vehicles has to face. Before proceeding with the practical part, you need to familiarize yourself with the device, the main units of MTZ-80 and MTZ-82. On these models, the manufacturer installs 4-cylinder diesel engines of the 4CH11-12.5 series, produced by the Minsk plant. The engines have semi-divided liquid-cooled combustion chambers made in the piston.
Parts of the internal combustion engine were equipped with a pre-heater. The working volume of the power plant is 4.75 liters, and the rated power is 80 hp. The motor is started by an electric starter. Mechanical transmission with 22 gears (18 forward and 4 reverse). The clutch is single-disk, dry, closed. The 9-speed gearbox is equipped with a reduction gear. The rear axle has a differential with a locking function.
Tractors are characterized by: rigid rear wheel suspension, semi-rigid suspension with a balanced front wheel axle, disc brakes, power steering MTZ. The hydraulics include: an NSh-32 pump driven by the engine, a hydraulic cylinder for controlling a mounted plow, a slide-valve hydraulic distribution. The MTZ-80 model has a rear-wheel drive and a small cab. MTZ-82 is an all-wheel drive vehicle.
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Maintenance of the MTZ-80 and MTZ-82 tractors has a planned preventive nature. It is produced with the aim of maintaining equipment in a working, serviceable condition, increasing efficiency, reliability, and extending the service life. A maintenance system has been installed for the machines. It includes 3 numbered and periodic maintenance, labeled under No. 1,2 and 3. As additional maintenance, seasonal operations are carried out.
- the first maintenance is carried out every 60 hours of operation;
- the second - every 240 hours of operation;
- the third - every 960 hours of operation.
In between shifts, monthly maintenance is performed, which is 10 hours of work. In this case, the following actions are carried out:
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- Check for oil, fuel, electrolyte and water leakage.
- The filtered fuel is added to the diesel and starting engine tank.
- Measure the oil level in the crankcase, check the water level in the radiator.
- The condensate is drained from the receiver.
- Check the degree of clogging of the air cleaner.
Numbered TO provide for the above stages and specific ones. Seasonal ones are required when switching to autumn-winter period from spring-summer and vice versa.
Do-it-yourself current repair of MTZ-80 and its “successor” MTZ-82 provides, first of all, the removal of faulty assemblies and parts with their subsequent replacement with repaired or new ones.
Disconnecting the rear axle of the Belarus tractor
When carrying out this procedure, one should be guided by the following principles:
- disassembly of the tractor or its assembly unit is carried out within the limits necessary to identify the cause of the malfunction and its elimination;
- it is necessary to remove the unit only if it is not possible to eliminate the malfunction in another way.
For the MTZ-80, MTZ-82 models, parts and assemblies are mounted on a semi-frame frame, consisting of a front half-frame. The latter is used to install the internal combustion engine. Dismantling of tractors begins with disconnecting the frame, removing the units. Dismantling requires the use of: a manual or electric hoist, a crane-beam and other devices. When repairing tractors, pay special attention to the assembly sequence with subsequent adjustment of parts, assemblies and drives. If current repairs can be carried out at home, (both outdoors and in a special room), then to carry out a major overhaul, you will have to contact a specialized center that has instrumentation and equipment for this.
Defect detection of working elements is carried out after flushing in order to detect the presence of wear, cracks, chips, scratches on their surfaces. After examining the worn parts, their dimensions and shapes are checked, for which a measuring tool is used. To establish the possibility of carrying out repairs, the interaction of the unit with the associated part is checked, more often by replacement. Replacement takes place when the dimensions of the part, as a result of wear, interfere with the operability of the mechanism.
The design of the tractors allows some parts to be replaced without preliminary dismantling, namely: an air cleaner, a generator, a centrifugal oil cleaner, a starter, a fuel pump, a hydraulic distributor mechanism, a power take-off shaft, an intermediate support for a propeller shaft, a compressor, a transfer case.
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To repair the transmission, disconnect the frame of the machine. The tractor is rolled out on planes according to the scheme: clutch housing - MTZ-80/82 gearbox - rear axle. Install a fixed jack stand under the rear axle, movable ones are placed under the clutch housing and gearbox. Then they disconnect, roll out the skeleton, remove the box.
If malfunctions were found when turning on / off the first gear, reverse, then it is necessary to remove the side cover and the shift fork. The last part requires replacement when the gap is more than 1.5 mm. Determine the size of the gap by alternately connecting the fork to the slots of the sliding carriages. The gear block is changed when the groove width exceeds 10.8 mm.
When there are extraneous noises in the gearbox, excessive heating of the housing is noticed, this indicates seizure or destruction of the shaft bearings. To fix the problem, drain the oil from the MTZ gearbox. Use a crowbar to turn all the shafts accessible for inspection. They need to be influenced in the radial and axial directions. Bearing races must not rotate in their seats. If it is found: movement of the shafts, wear of the bearings, the gearbox is removed from the tractor, disassembled with the replacement of faulty bearings.
Gearbox repairs can be triggered by knocks that disappear when shifting to the next gear. In this case, problems arise in the gear teeth. Check for wear by jacking one of the drive wheels, spinning it and inspecting the teeth of the visible gears. If the defect is visible with the naked eye, the parts are replaced.
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