DIY dt 838 multimeter repair

In detail: do-it-yourself repair of a dt 838 multimeter from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

Repair of the S-Line DT-838 multimeter

I checked the transistors with a tester and they turned out to be all defective, I almost threw them out. And it turned out that the multimeter turned off. (ha ha)

And so the multimeter was buggy but measured the resistances and squeaked on the call. The voltage showed normal.

I didn’t find such a scheme, I found this one:

Having disassembled it on the board, I noticed that R3 (the marking on the board, the diagram is different) there is a small dot (152 is written on the resistor) 1.5 kOhm, having measured it with another multimeter (it is generally buggy, but you can navigate) showed more than 2 kOhm.

After the replacement, everything worked. I took the resistor from the old motherboard of the computer, soldered it off and soldered it with a hairdryer to a homemade soldering station.

please tell me the value of the resistor R16
very necessary or a scheme if there is
thanks in advance!

I have 561 written on resistor R16, this is 560 Ohm.

Here is a photo that is really hard to see

The same ((
Where is this cut on the mother? did not see ((tell me, or what to replace (where to drop out)?

Found ... soldered ... did not work ((
more precisely, it is still buggy.

Repairing the dead is good. What about eliminating factory (Chinese) defects? Now DT-838 is being sold (allegedly) from different brands (Ermak, Resanta, TEK), but with the same defect that appears ONLY when measuring temperature. Temperatures above 100-150 C are overestimated, and the higher they are, the more they are overestimated (see graph).

Heating a thermocouple from the multimeter kit in a lighter flame can easily get 1999 C and even overload. In reality, it is quite difficult to get even 1000 C on a lighter, and at 1500 C the thermocouple conductors should have already melted.

Video (click to play).

The point, of course, is not in the thermocouple, but in the multimeters themselves: with the next Chinese "optimization" an error crept in, which has been successfully replicated ever since. Reviews mentioning the defect by Russian sellers are simply not published (I did not check all of them - one was enough)

I just found an error (in the PCB layout) (with a sweat). It is not difficult to fix it. The temperature becomes correct, but the correction has no effect on other modes. I will probably post this somewhere more appropriate.

I just found an error (in the PCB layout) (with a sweat) and fixed it. It is not difficult to fix it. The temperature becomes correct, but the correction has no effect on other modes. I will probably post this somewhere more appropriate.

I took this DT-838 multimeter on the market as not working at a ridiculous price. He had a practically new case, which I wanted to put on my battered, cracked and burnt soldering iron, but a working multimeter DT-830. According to the seller, the multimeter was defective.

And of course, first I decided to try to repair the purchased multimeter.After inserting the battery and turning on the multimeter, I saw that it turned on and numbers appeared on the screen, but the multimeter did not want to react to any measurements.

There were traces of soldering on the board - apparently they tried to repair the multimeter unsuccessfully. Inspection of the board with a magnifying glass gave its result - near the middle socket for the probe there was a crack on the board and the track leading from the probe was broken. Apparently, during the previous repairs, they did not see this and limited themselves to simple soldering of the contacts for the probes.

I cleaned the track of varnish and soldered, at the same time and re-soldered the connectors for the probes, assembled, turned on - a cursory check showed that the main functions are working properly.

The process of repairing the DT-838 multimeter in the photo below (you can click to enlarge)

That's how I ended up with a practically new multimeter and almost free. And all due to the fact that the developers of this multimeter did not provide a stop for this part of the board, so when the probes are connected, the board bends, which led to a crack. Well, and also because of an inattentive previous repair.

Perhaps the most common and inexpensive digital multimeter. Disadvantages - a large error, especially in the cold, poor protection, marriage. The series of digital multimeters DT (M) -830-838 is basically similar in construction, but there is a difference in designations, ratings and circuits.

The bit point flashes, shows any nonsense.
The reason is poor contact in the measurement switch. Dismantle the device and check whether the ball is in place in the switch, stretch the spring slightly pressing this ball for better switching. Wipe the switch contacts with alcohol. Replace battery.

The readings jump when measuring resistances, the other modes work - the resistor R18 (900 Ohm) is faulty or the transistor Q1 (9014) is faulty.

Incorrect readings during measurement - open circuit R33 (900 ohm)

The readings jump when measuring the current strength - resistors R0, R1.

It is quite within the power of every user who is well acquainted with the basics of electronics and electrical engineering to independently organize and repair the multimeter. But before embarking on such a repair, you must try to figure out the nature of the damage that has occurred.

It is most convenient to check the serviceability of the device at the initial stage of repair by inspecting its electronic circuit. For this case, the following troubleshooting rules have been developed:

it is necessary to carefully examine the printed circuit board of the multimeter, on which there may be clearly distinguishable factory defects and errors;
special attention should be paid to the presence of unwanted shorts and poor-quality soldering, as well as defects on the terminals at the edges of the board (in the area of the display connection). For repairs, you will have to use soldering;
factory errors most often manifest themselves in the fact that the multimeter does not show what it should according to the instructions, and therefore its display is examined first of all.

If the multimeter gives incorrect readings in all modes and IC1 heats up, then you need to inspect the connectors to check the transistors. If the long leads are closed, then the repair will consist only in opening them.

In total, a sufficient number of visually detectable faults can accumulate. You can familiarize yourself with some of them in the table and then eliminate it yourself. (to the address: Before repairing, it is necessary to study the multimeter circuits, which are usually given in the passport.If they want to check the serviceability and repair the multimeter indicator, they usually resort to using an additional device that issues a signal of a suitable frequency and amplitude (50-60 Hz and units of volts). In its absence, you can use a multimeter type M832 with the function of generating rectangular pulses (meander).To diagnose and repair the multimeter display, it is necessary to remove the working board from the device case and select a position convenient for checking the indicator contacts (screen up).After that, you should connect the end of one probe to the common terminal of the indicator under investigation (it is located in the bottom row, on the far left), and alternately touch the other end to the signal outputs of the display. In this case, all its segments should light up one after the other according to the wiring of the signal buses, which should be read separately. Normal "operation" of the tested segments in all modes indicates that the display is working properly.Additional Information. The indicated malfunction most often manifests itself during the operation of a digital multimeter, in which its measuring part fails and needs to be repaired extremely rarely (provided that the instructions are followed).The last remark concerns only constant values, when measuring which the multimeter is well protected against overloads. Serious difficulties in identifying the reasons for the failure of the device are most often encountered when determining the resistances of the circuit section and in the dialing mode.In this mode, typical malfunctions, as a rule, appear in the measuring ranges up to 200 and up to 2000 Ohm. When an extraneous voltage enters the input, as a rule, resistors under the designations R5, R6, R10, R18 burn out, as well as the transistor Q1. In addition, the capacitor C6 often breaks through. The consequences of exposure to extraneous potential are manifested as follows:

when the Q1 triode is completely "burnt out", when determining the resistance, the multimeter shows one zeros;

in case of incomplete breakdown of the transistor, the device with open ends should show the resistance of its junction.

Note! In other measurement modes, this transistor is short-circuited and therefore has no effect on the display.

With a breakdown of C6, the multimeter will not work at the measuring limits of 20, 200 and 1000 Volts (the option of a strong understatement of the reading is not excluded).

If the multimeter constantly beeps when dialing or is silent, then the reason may be poor-quality soldering of the pins of IC2. The repair consists in careful soldering.

Inspection and repair of an inoperative multimeter, the malfunction of which is not related to the cases already considered, is recommended to start with checking the voltage of 3 Volts on the ADC supply bus. In this case, first of all, it is necessary to make sure that there is no breakdown between the supply terminal and the common terminal of the converter.

The disappearance of indication elements on the display screen in the presence of a supply voltage converter with a high degree of probability indicates damage to its circuit. The same conclusion can be made when a significant number of circuit elements located near the ADC are burned out.

Important! In practice, this node "burns out" only when a sufficiently high voltage (more than 220 Volts) hits its input, which manifests itself visually in the form of cracks in the module compound.

Before talking about repairs, you need to check. A simple way to test the ADC for suitability for further operation is to dial its terminals using a known working multimeter of the same class. Note that the case when the second multimeter incorrectly shows the measurement results is not suitable for such a check.

When preparing for operation, the device is switched to the diode “dialing” mode, and the measuring end of the wire in red insulation is connected to the “minus power” output of the microcircuit. Following this black probe, each of its signal legs is sequentially touched. Since there are protective diodes at the inputs of the circuit, connected in the opposite direction, after applying a forward voltage from a third-party multimeter, they should open.

The fact of their opening is recorded on the display in the form of a voltage drop across the junction of the semiconductor element. Similarly, the circuit is checked when a probe in black insulation is connected to pin 1 (+ ADC power supply) and then touching all other pins. In this case, the indications on the display screen should be the same as in the first case.

When the polarity of the connection of the second measuring device is changed, its indicator always shows an open circuit, since the input resistance of the working microcircuit is large enough. In this case, the conclusions will be considered faulty, in both cases showing the final resistance value. If, for any of the described connection options, the multimeter shows an open circuit, this most likely indicates an internal circuit break.

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Since modern ADCs are most often produced in an integral version (without a case), it is rare for anyone to replace them. So if the converter is burnt out, then the multimeter cannot be repaired, it cannot be repaired.Repair will be required if there are malfunctions associated with the loss of contact in the rotary switch. This is manifested not only in the fact that the multimeter does not turn on, but also in the impossibility of obtaining a normal connection without pressing hard on the biscuit. This is explained by the fact that in cheap Chinese multimeters, the contact tracks are rarely covered with high-quality grease, which leads to their rapid oxidation.When used in dusty conditions, for example, they become dirty over time and lose contact with the switch strip. To repair this multimeter unit, it is enough to remove the printed circuit board from its case and wipe the contact tracks with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol. Then a thin layer of high-quality technical petroleum jelly should be applied to them.

In conclusion, we note that if factory "missing" or contact closures are detected in the multimeter, these shortcomings should be eliminated using a low-voltage soldering iron with a well-honed tip. If you are not completely sure of the reason for the breakdown of the device, you should contact a repair specialist for measuring equipment.

Once I measured the mains voltage of 220V, but I didn’t blindly notice that the device was in the resistance measurement mode. He poked him once, twice, three times ... The device could not stand such mockery and quietly ordered him to live a long time. Several resistances burned out, and, most importantly, the ADC. This device, one might say, costs a penny, but this is my old friend and comrade in arms, we went with him a lot of things, many different memories are associated with it. So I decided to try to restore it.

Of the whole variety of M838 multimeter circuits, it came to me from the DT-838 (almost one-to-one), here it is:

First, you need to deal with the "drop" of the native ADC that was in the device initially. To do this, I assembled a 60 Hz square-wave generator according to this scheme (it started to produce stable 60 Hz at + 6V supply voltage):

When checking, the output of the common wire of the generator is connected to the signal electrode of the indicator, and the other outputs are alternately fed with a signal from the output of the generator. This will activate the corresponding segments of the indicator. As a result of the check, firstly, the pinout for the 32-pin LCD indicator of the 800 series multimeters was determined, and also the purpose of the remaining ADC pins became clear. The result is shown in the figure:

Pin assignment of the old ADC

We also note that the ICL7106 does not have a BAT output, so you will have to collectively manage the battery discharge indication yourself, according to this scheme, taken from one of the many circuits for 832 multimeters:

A small batch of five ICL7106s was purchased from our Chinese friends on ebay (in reserve, and you never know ... I took 250 rubles each, now they cost 410 rubles).

Then, taking into account the previous measurements, I made an adapter card for the new ADC and soldered the microcircuit there:

I soldered the legs there - it turned out such a many-legged:

And we solder it to the multimeter board (before that, just in case, I cut the tracks from the old ADC "drop"):

And voila - the device came to life! It was only necessary to slightly adjust the divider of the reference voltage with the resistor VR1 (highlighted in the photo) for a more accurate display of the result:

On the right, the battery discharge control circuit is highlighted, it works at a voltage below 7V (usually about 8V, but I made myself 7 - it is adjusted by resistor R3), although the device remains operational even at 3V, although this does not guarantee the correct measurements.

The conclusion is this - be more careful with the devices, inattention can lead to sad consequences.

4 devices of this type have accumulated, I will give all three for spare parts, or maybe one of them can be restored? name tel. workshop, if possible.

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This post has been edited Asmodey - Mar 15 2008, 09:57 PM

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It is impossible to imagine a repairman's workbench without a handy, inexpensive digital multimeter.

This article describes the device of the 830 series digital multimeters, its circuit, as well as the most common malfunctions and how to fix them.

Currently, a huge variety of digital measuring instruments of varying degrees of complexity, reliability and quality are produced. The basis of all modern digital multimeters is an integrated analog-to-digital voltage converter (ADC). One of the first such ADCs suitable for constructing inexpensive portable measuring instruments was a converter based on the ICL7106 microcircuit manufactured by MAXIM. As a result, several successful low-cost models of 830 series digital multimeters have been developed, such as M830B, M830, M832, M838. DT can be used instead of the letter M. This instrument series is currently the most widespread and most repeatable in the world. Its basic capabilities: measuring direct and alternating voltages up to 1000 V (input resistance 1 MΩ), measuring direct currents up to 10 A, measuring resistances up to 2 MΩ, testing diodes and transistors. In addition, in some models there is a mode of sound continuity of connections, temperature measurement with and without a thermocouple, generation of a meander with a frequency of 50 ... 60 Hz or 1 kHz. The main manufacturer of this series of multimeters is Precision Mastech Enterprises (Hong Kong).

The basis of the multimeter is the ADC IC1 of the 7106 type (the closest domestic analogue is the 572PV5 microcircuit). Its structural diagram is shown in Fig. 1, and the pinout for the version in the DIP-40 package is shown in Fig. 2. The 7106 core can be preceded by different prefixes depending on the manufacturer: ICL7106, ТС7106, etc. Recently, more and more often used are chipless microcircuits (DIE chips), the crystal of which is soldered directly to the printed circuit board.

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Consider the circuit of the Mastech M832 multimeter (Fig. 3). Pin 1 of IC1 supplies a positive 9V battery supply voltage, and Pin 26 supplies a negative battery supply. Inside the ADC there is a 3 V stabilized voltage source, its input is connected to pin 1 of IC1, and the output is connected to pin 32. Pin 32 is connected to the common pin of the multimeter and is galvanically connected to the COM input of the device. The voltage difference between pins 1 and 32 is approximately 3 V in a wide range of supply voltages - from nominal to 6.5 V. This stabilized voltage is fed to the adjustable divider R11, VR1, R13, and from its output to the input of the microcircuit 36 (in the mode measurements of currents and voltages). The divider sets the potential U at pin 36, equal to 100 mV. Resistors R12, R25 and R26 have protective functions. Transistor Q102 and resistors R109, R110 and R111 are responsible for indicating the discharge of the battery. Capacitors C7, C8 and resistors R19, R20 are responsible for displaying the decimal points of the display.

Operating input voltage range U_max directly depends on the level of the regulated reference voltage at pins 36 and 35 and is

The stability and accuracy of the display is dependent on the stability of this reference voltage.

The display N readings depend on the input voltage U and are expressed as a number

A simplified circuit of the multimeter in the voltage measurement mode is shown in Fig. 4.

When measuring DC voltage, the input signal is fed to R1… R6, from the output of which, through a switch [according to the scheme 1-8 / 1… 1-8 / 2), it is fed to the protective resistor R17. This resistor also forms a low-pass filter when measuring AC voltage together with the capacitor C3. Then the signal goes to the direct input of the ADC microcircuit, pin 31. The potential of the common pin, generated by the 3 V stabilized voltage source, pin 32, is fed to the inverse input of the microcircuit.

When measuring AC voltage, it is rectified by a half-wave rectifier on diode D1. Resistors R1 and R2 are selected so that when measuring sinusoidal voltage, the device shows the correct value. ADC protection is provided by the divider R1 ... R6 and the resistor R17.

A simplified circuit of the multimeter in the current measurement mode is shown in Fig. 5.

In the mode of measuring direct current, the latter flows through the resistors R0, R8, R7 and R6, which are switched depending on the measuring range. The voltage drop across these resistors through R17 is fed to the ADC input, and the result is displayed. ADC protection is provided by diodes D2, D3 (in some models they may not be installed) and fuse F.

A simplified circuit of the multimeter in the resistance measurement mode is shown in Fig. 6. In the resistance measurement mode, the dependence expressed by the formula (2) is used.

The diagram shows that the same current from the voltage source + U flows through the reference resistor and the measured resistor R "(the currents of inputs 35, 36, 30 and 31 are negligible) and the ratio of U and U is equal to the ratio of the resistances of the resistors R" and R ^. R1..R6 are used as reference resistors, R10 and R103 are used as current setting resistors. Protection of the ADC is provided by thermistor R18 (some cheap models use conventional 1.2 kΩ resistors), transistor Q1 in zener diode mode (not always installed) and resistors R35, R16 and R17 at inputs 36, 35 and 31 of the ADC.

Continuity mode The dialing circuit uses IC2 (LM358), which contains two operational amplifiers. A sound generator is assembled on one amplifier, and a comparator on the other. When the voltage at the input of the comparator (pin 6) is less than the threshold, a low voltage is set at its output (pin 7), which opens the switch on the transistor Q101, as a result of which a sound signal is emitted. The threshold is determined by the divider R103, R104. Protection is provided by resistor R106 at the comparator input.

All malfunctions can be divided into factory defects (and this happens) and damage caused by erroneous actions of the operator.

Since multimeters use tight wiring, shorts of elements, poor soldering and breakage of the leads of elements, especially those located at the edges of the board, are possible. Repair of a faulty device should begin with a visual inspection of the printed circuit board. The most common factory defects of M832 multimeters are shown in the table.

The LCD display can be checked for proper operation using a 50.60 Hz AC voltage source with an amplitude of several volts. As such a source of alternating voltage, you can take the M832 multimeter, which has a meander generation mode. To check the display, put it on a flat surface with the display up, connect one probe of the M832 multimeter to the common terminal of the indicator (bottom row, left terminal), and apply the other probe of the multimeter alternately to the rest of the display. If it is possible to get the ignition of all segments of the display, then it is serviceable.

The above malfunctions may also appear during operation. It should be noted that in the DC voltage measurement mode, the device rarely fails, because well protected from input overloads. The main problems arise when measuring current or resistance.

Repair of a faulty device should begin with checking the supply voltage and the ADC's operability: the stabilization voltage is 3 V and there is no breakdown between the power pins and the common ADC output.

In the current measurement mode when using the V, Q and mA inputs, despite the presence of a fuse, there may be cases when the fuse blows out later than the safety diodes D2 or D3 have time to break through. If a fuse is installed in the multimeter that does not meet the requirements of the instructions, then in this case the resistances R5 ... R8 may burn out, and this may not appear visually on the resistances. In the first case, when only the diode breaks through, the defect appears only in the current measurement mode: the current flows through the device, but the display shows zeros. In case of burnout of resistors R5 or R6 in the voltage measurement mode, the device will overestimate the readings or show an overload. When one or both resistors are completely burned out, the device does not reset in voltage measurement mode, but when the inputs are closed, the display is set to zero. When the resistors R7 or R8 burn out on the current measuring ranges of 20 mA and 200 mA, the device will show an overload, and in the 10 A range - only zeros.

In resistance measurement mode, faults usually occur in the 200 ohm and 2000 ohm ranges. In this case, when the voltage is applied to the input, the resistors R5, R6, R10, R18, the transistor Q1 can burn out and the capacitor C6 can break through. If the transistor Q1 is completely broken, then when measuring the resistance, the device will show zeros. In case of incomplete breakdown of the transistor, the multimeter with open probes will show the resistance of this transistor. In the modes of measuring voltage and current, the transistor is short-circuited by a switch and does not affect the readings of the multimeter. With a breakdown of capacitor C6, the multimeter will not measure voltage in the ranges of 20 V, 200 V and 1000 V or significantly underestimate the readings in these ranges.

If there is no indication on the display, when there is power to the ADC, or there is a visually noticeable burnout of a large number of circuit elements, there is a high probability of damage to the ADC. The ADC's serviceability is checked by monitoring the voltage of the 3 V stabilized voltage source. In practice, the ADC burns out only when a high voltage is applied to the input, much higher than 220 V. Very often, cracks appear in the compound of the open-frame ADC, the current consumption of the microcircuit increases, which leads to its noticeable heating ...

When a very high voltage is applied to the input of the device in the voltage measurement mode, a breakdown may occur in the elements (resistors) and on the printed circuit board, in the case of the voltage measurement mode, the circuit is protected by a divider on the resistances R1.R6.

For cheap DT series models, long parts leads can be shorted to the screen located on the back of the device, disrupting the operation of the circuit. Mastech does not have such defects.

A source of a stabilized voltage of 3 V in an ADC for cheap Chinese models can in practice give a voltage of 2.6-3.4 V, and for some devices it stops working already at a voltage of a supply battery of 8.5 V.

The DT models use low quality ADCs and are very sensitive to the C4 and R14 integrator chain ratings. High-quality ADCs in Mastech multimeters allow the use of elements of close denominations.

Often, in DT multimeters, when the probes are open in the resistance measurement mode, the device approaches the overload value for a very long time ("1" on the display) or is not set at all. It is possible to "cure" a poor-quality ADC microcircuit by reducing the value of the resistance R14 from 300 to 100 kOhm.

When measuring resistances in the upper part of the range, the device "flushes" the readings, for example, when measuring a resistor with a resistance of 19.8 kOhm, it shows 19.3 kOhm. It is "treated" by replacing the capacitor C4 with a capacitor of 0.22 ... 0.27 μF.

Since cheap Chinese firms use low-quality unpackaged ADCs, there are frequent cases of broken pins, and it is very difficult to determine the cause of the malfunction and it can manifest itself in different ways, depending on the broken pin. For example, one of the indicator leads is off. Since multimeters use displays with static indication, then to determine the cause of the malfunction, it is necessary to check the voltage at the corresponding pin of the ADC microcircuit, it should be about 0.5 V relative to the common pin. If it is zero, then the ADC is faulty.

There are malfunctions associated with poor-quality contacts on the biscuit switch, the device works only when the biscuit is pressed. Firms that make cheap multimeters rarely coat the tracks under the rocker switch with grease, which is why they quickly oxidize. Often the tracks are dirty. It is repaired as follows: the printed circuit board is removed from the case, and the switch tracks are wiped with alcohol. Then a thin layer of technical petroleum jelly is applied. Everything, the device is repaired.

With DT series devices, it sometimes happens that the alternating voltage is measured with a minus sign. This indicates an incorrect installation of D1, usually due to incorrect marking on the diode body.

It happens that manufacturers of cheap multimeters put low-quality operational amplifiers in the sound generator circuit, and then when the device is turned on, a buzzing buzzer is heard. This defect is eliminated by soldering a 5 μF electrolytic capacitor parallel to the power supply circuit. If this does not ensure the stable operation of the sound generator, then it is necessary to replace the operational amplifier with the LM358P.

Often there is such a nuisance as battery leakage. Small drops of electrolyte can be wiped off with alcohol, but if the board is heavily flooded, then good results can be obtained by washing it with hot water and laundry soap. After removing the indicator and unsoldering the buzzer, using a brush, for example, a toothbrush, you need to thoroughly soap the board on both sides and rinse it under running water from the tap. After repeating the wash 2.3 times, the board is dried and installed in the case.

Most recently manufactured devices use DIE chips ADCs. The crystal is installed directly on the PCB and is filled with resin. Unfortunately, this significantly reduces the maintainability of the devices, because when the ADC fails, which is quite common, it is difficult to replace it. Unpackaged ADCs are sometimes sensitive to bright light. For example, if you work near a table lamp, the measurement error may increase. The fact is that the indicator and the board of the device have some transparency, and light, penetrating through them, enters the ADC crystal, causing a photoelectric effect. To eliminate this drawback, you need to remove the board and, after removing the indicator, glue the location of the ADC crystal (it is clearly visible through the board) with thick paper.

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The multimeter shows random numbers in all modes, except for measurements up to 10A
What could be the problem?

Description: The M838 digital multimeter measures AC and DC current, resistance, AC and DC voltage, and bipolar transistor gain (h21). The quality of the conductor connection or soldering can be checked with an audible dial. The built-in 1000 Hz sine wave generator will be useful when testing radio engineering devices. Also, using the M838 multimeter, you can ring out semiconductor diodes. The measurement results are displayed on a well-read digital 31/2-digit LCD display. The multimeter is powered by one 9V battery of the "Krona" type. The delivery set of the M838 multimeter includes a set of probes and instructions in Russian.

Specifications:
Measurements per second: 2
Constant voltage U = 0.1mV - 1000V
AC voltage U

Video (click to play).

0.1V - 750V
DC current I = 2mA - 10A
AC frequency range current 40 - 400Hz
Resistance R 0.1 Ohm - 2 MΩ
Input resistance R 1 MΩ
Temperature t ° C -20 °? + 1370 °
Gain - h21 to 1000 - transistors
Diode test: yes
Continuity mode

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