DIY repair of plastered walls

In detail: DIY repair of plastered walls from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

Do-it-yourself repair of plaster on the walls in a living room in a private house: the wall is cracking inside or outside: Step-by-step instructions + Video

Plastering is a proven and reliable way to level and protect walls, both outside and inside the home. Good plaster protects the house from the penetration of moisture, fungi, harmful microorganisms, ensures the preservation of heat in the house, and can also serve as a decorative element in the interior.

However, over time, any plaster in the house tends to collapse, after which it needs to be repaired. Despite its durability, even the highest quality material is exposed to external influences.

Cracks and chips appear on the plaster, especially near window or doorways.

Repair of plaster walls in separate places does not require much effort and is carried out using a fairly simple technology. But first, you need to prepare the walls for local repairs, this can be easily done with your own hands.

Cracks can be seen well, but it happens when the plaster lags behind the base of the wall and this can only be noticed by a slight swelling of the material. To identify a defect, it is necessary to tap on suspicious places with a spatula handle or a wooden mallet. The peeled plaster will break and crumble, the damaged area must be cleaned with a spatula.

The reason for the swelling of the plaster in some places may be traces of paint, grease or lime left on the wall..

They should be removed so that the new finish layer lies flat and subsequently does not repeat the fate of the old plaster. Grease or soot stains are removed with a 2% hydrochloric acid solution. Copper sulfate or a 3% hydrochloric acid solution helps with rust.

To repair wall plaster, we need:

To repair old plaster, you need to clean the seams by 5-10 mm, remove dust and dirt from them. Then they are thoroughly cleaned with a metal brush and treated with warm water so that the new layer of plaster adheres tightly to the old one. The area of the wet surface to be repaired is primed and a plaster solution is applied. At the same time, in rooms with high humidity, cement plaster is used, wooden surfaces are treated with limestone material.

Video (click to play).

Lime plaster is the most common material for interior wall decoration. The ready-made dry mix is prepared by hand after the treatment of damaged areas.

Advantages of lime plaster:

Ease of use;
The material has good air permeability;
Refractoriness;
When processing wooden walls, lime plaster protects against rodents and insects;
Does not collapse when hammering in nails.

Mortar Is a mixture of river sand and quicklime in various proportions.

Mix preparation method:

Lime is poured into an enamel or metal container.
Fill completely with warm water and cover with a lid.
After the lime has stopped sizzling, the mixture must be filtered through cheesecloth.
Add the sifted sand to a container with soft lime, you can add a little water and mix thoroughly.

Internal wall plaster repair technology consists of the following stages:

Water is sprayed over the surface to be treated.
A primer is applied to the layer to be repaired.
Plastering.
Finishing grout.

If the cause of peeling of the plaster is a fungus, which often occurs in damp rooms, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the occurrence of harmful microorganisms. The damaged solution is removed, while a significant part of the unharmed surface should be captured. To prevent fungal spores from spreading to other surfaces during operation, the wall should be wetted. After the wall is dry, apply a fungicidal antifungal agent to the damaged area.

Facade plaster repairs may require additional work in the form of reinforcement. To repair cracks, a reinforcing tape is laid in them, and a mesh is glued onto a flat surface.

The plaster is applied in 2-3 layers, each layer is applied after the previous one has dried. Use the same plastering material as used previously to avoid cracking or chipping. The top can be clad with plasterboard or panels of any other material. If the surface will be pasted over with wallpaper, the new plaster should be filled and fine irregularities should be rubbed.

Wet rooms, such as baths, kitchens, and bathrooms are often tiled, but the plastering of the floor, walls and ceiling needs to be repaired first before tiling.

Decorating internal walls with decorative plaster is a simple process, as a result, we not only protect the walls, but also get a beautiful design of the walls. There are three types of decorative plaster: polymer, polymer-based; silicate and mineral-based, consisting of cement and lime.

For decorative qualities, plaster during apartment renovation is divided into:

Structural, grainy;
Textured, with its help a relief drawing is created;
Venetian plaster.

The problem with the renovation of decorative or Venetian plaster is that it is very difficult to achieve the identity of the renovated area with the rest of the wall surface in color or design.

Especially if you are doing the work yourself... Therefore, if repairs are inevitable and the wall defect is too noticeable, you should think about replacing the plaster all over the wall.

Where to start repairing wall plaster? This question is asked by everyone who first conceived to carry out major repairs in their house or apartment on their own. The first step is to remove the old plaster from the entire area that you plan to renovate. Then the seams of the masonry are cleared by 1.5-2 m, the surface is washed with warm water.The wall renovation school recommends plastering in 3 stages. The first is spraying, the second is priming and the third is covering.If the area of the site planned for repair is large, layers should be applied along the beacons to obtain the desired result.The distance between the beacons is set so that a solution can be placed between them using a rule. The thickness of one beacon should not exceed the thickness of the plaster, excluding the coating. Instead of lighthouses, some of the old sturdy finish can be used.

Depending on the season, there are nuances of correct plastering. For example, in dry and hot summer weather, the surface must be periodically moistened so that it does not dry out too quickly.Defects are usually repaired with a brick, scraper or dry wood end. Repair of walls in a wooden house can be done with a lime mortar, in humid rooms, a more complex cement method of plastering is provided.Protruding corners can be repaired with plaster mortar, which has a fast setting property. To do this, clean the place for repair from the remainder of the solution and dust, periodically wetting the surface with water. After that, a plaster mass is applied with their own hands and carefully leveled into the correct angle shape.Note! You can determine the area where the plaster has peeled off by lightly tapping on it.If grease or soot stains have formed on the surface, they must be eliminated as a matter of priority, before painting and wallpapering. Rust can be removed with a 3% hydrochloric acid solution, grease with 2%.Also, rust is removed with a solution of copper sulfate, whitewash or special paints.The school of repair advises - plastering the walls in the presence of surface irregularities should be carried out after applying the leveling putty.Most often, the damaged area is trimmed so that the hole has the shape of a rectangle. The surface is thoroughly cleaned of dirt and dust and then moistened with a soda solution.If the place to be repaired occupies a considerable area, a gypsum paste is prepared, which is applied to the reverse side of the triangle in the form of a pyramid.For those who are wondering where to start repairing tiled walls, we recommend checking the finishing material for strength. If it does not come out to gently get rid of the damaged tile, you should knock it out in small pieces. This is done gradually from the middle to the edges, so as not to hook or damage the edges of adjacent tiles.In places where windows are connected under a layer of plaster, double-sided foam tape can be used. New tiles are glued with special glue on casein-cement mastic (price - from 280 rubles), proportions 1: 3: 1: 2.5 - dry casein glue, cement, sand, water.Some tips on how to repair a cracked wall.

Apply a primer, let it dry for 2-3 hours. Then, carefully sand the surface so that it is perfectly smooth and even.

Next, a plaster solution is prepared, with which the surface will be smeared on top. Spread the grout with a spatula and let it dry.

Repair of wall plaster is an operation necessary when in some places it begins to crack and move away from the masonry. Most often, cracks and chips appear near window frames and doorways, but sometimes defects appear in other places as well.

If cracks are clearly visible on the surface of the plastered walls, then delamination is not easy to notice. Bloating appears in certain areas, and when tapped, the layer of plaster collapses and falls. The reasons are varied, but the most common is improper surface preparation before applying the plaster mixture.

Renovation of old plaster does not require complete removal of the previous layer. It is carried out in small areas where damage or detachment is found.

If the area of the wall section to be repaired exceeds the length of the rule, then it is necessary to install construction beacons.

In cases where the area of the damaged surface is rather small, the edges of the previous coating act as beacons.

Before proceeding with surface restoration work, it is necessary to identify all existing defects.

To do this, during the preparation process, all detected cracks are sewn up using a spatula, and all suspicious places must be tapped with its handle.

Where the sound is dull or the swelling of the old plaster is noticeable, the damaged layer is beaten off with a hammer, removed with a spatula, exposing the masonry.

When repairing old plaster in large areas, it is required to perform reinforcement using a mesh netting for this purpose, which is attached to the wall using self-tapping screws or special fungi.

Reinforcement is performed with a mesh with fine cells attached to the wall in such a way that the subsequently applied solution penetrates under it.

This means that there should be a small gap between the reinforcing mesh and the masonry.

If the layer of old plaster does not exceed 1 cm, then a special nylon mesh is needed for full-fledged high-quality reinforcement. Removing the damaged layer:

the site is given the shape of a rectangle;
clean the open surface from dirt and dust;
treated with a deep penetration antiseptic primer.

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The next step is to fasten the reinforcement mesh. To repair small areas, there is no need to install beacons and reinforce the surface with a mesh, but it is imperative to prime the base.

In an effort to achieve a positive result, to perform work related to the repair of old plaster, they use the same composition that was applied earlier.

Most often it is a cement-sand mixture or a ready-made composition with the addition of gypsum. Modern manufacturers offer a huge variety of ready-made dry mixes, but it is better to purchase formulations from well-known and time-tested manufacturers.

When choosing a primer, you need to pay attention to the substances included in its composition. The most effective solutions are those with antifungal and antiseptic effects, capable of becoming a full-fledged protection of walls from the appearance of bending and mold.

The primer on the wall surface must dry for at least 3 - 4 hours

The primer on the prepared surface dries up after 3-4 hours, and after this time you can start preparing the composition. In accordance with the instructions, water is first poured into the container, and then the dry mixture is introduced in small portions.

The consistency of the solution intended for the repair of old plaster is similar to thick homemade sour cream.

Excess water will cause the layer to crack after drying.

A solution is applied to the lower part of the prepared surface, the excess of which is removed using a rule or a large spatula. The choice of tool depends on the extent of the damage. Large embroidered and primed gaps and cracks are filled with mortar layer by layer. This must be done with a swing, with a slap, so that upon impact, the solution penetrates into the depth of the crack. How to repair plaster, see this video:

After the final filling, the excess mixture is removed with a spatula, holding it at right angles to the wall surface. Image - DIY repair of plastered walls

When restoring damaged areas of a large area, you need to periodically moisten the masonry so that the water from the solution is not absorbed too quickly. Complete drying of the solution occurs in 2-3 days, and a day after applying the new plaster, the finishing grout is performed.

Wipe the surface with a wooden or plastic float in a circular motion, having previously moistened the tool with water.

Very often, a well-known and affordable method is used for finishing the facade - plastering.Despite the fact that expensive compositions or budgetary ones are used, repair work still needs to be carried out.

Plaster repair can be reduced to trivial staining if the dye in the solution was of poor quality and quickly faded under the influence of the sun. But sometimes it is necessary to make a more complex restoration - to repair cracks or exfoliated areas.

There is nothing complicated here, it is enough to purchase paint for the facade, which can be applied to the plaster in the required amount. If you plan to radically change the color, then calculate the quantities for 2 or even 3 layers. But when choosing, be careful and consider what kind of plaster was used to decorate the facade earlier.

The work process is as follows:

Cleaning the facade from dust and stains, if any.
Primer can be applied.
Wall covering with 1 coat of paint. To do this, you can use a wide brush, roller or spray gun. The latter option will significantly speed up restoration work, but such an apparatus will be difficult to find. Therefore, the best option would be to use a roller.
Once dry, 1 layer can be applied 2.

It's a little more complicated here. To make repairs to plaster walls with your own hands, you will have to work longer.

First, you should purchase the same plaster that was used to decorate the facade. If a dry mix was used, it is not necessary to knead a large amount. Do as much as you can to deal with one bulky or a few small imperfections.
Secondly, you need to carefully examine the surface of the walls. This will help to assess the volume of repair work, and also to determine whether, in addition to cracks, there are also exfoliated areas. If such imperfections are present, then in that place the layer will swell. To check the suspicion, you need to knock with a rubber or wooden hammer, and the handle of a spatula will do. If there is a defect, a dull sound will be heard.
Third, the place of work should be well prepared. Cracks are cleaned of dust and dirt and treated with soil or soda solution.
While the treated area dries up, you can prepare a small amount of plastering solution.

After such preparatory work, you can begin to eliminate the shortcomings. If the layer was smooth, then there should not be any special problems in the process of repairing old plaster.

The crack is tightly filled with mortar.
The surplus is removed with a flat spatula and carefully rubbed to obtain a flat surface that does not protrude above the old layer.
Thus, all the disadvantages are handled.
After the solution has dried, the areas need to be properly sanded.
If the solution was gray, then on top of it you need to apply a thin layer of putty, then when staining, you will not have to apply the dye in several layers.
The last step in the partial renovation technology will be painting the facade. Professionals recommend, after repairing the plaster of the walls, to update the entire area in separate places. Thus, the decorative finish will look fresh, and after some time of use, the shade may change slightly. Therefore, when buying the same paint and the same color, the repaired area can stand out.

After the flaws were found during visual inspection and tapping, they must be removed. Plaster, which is crumbling or peeling from the base, is removed until there is a layer that adheres firmly to the wall. It is important not to miss a single piece, otherwise this method of repair work will bring bad results. Image - DIY repair of plastered walls

After a while, areas will appear again that spoil the appearance of the building. And this means you will need to repeat all over again. Therefore, you need to carefully inspect the facade and clearly follow certain instructions in order to properly repair the plaster.

After the old layer is removed, the area must be cleaned of dust.To do this, you can use a paint brush dampened with water or a medium pressure washer.
Dry the surface.
Treat the wall and elements of the old plaster that has remained with deep penetration soil. This is necessary so that the base does not absorb moisture from the plastering solution and to increase the adhesion of both the base and the old layer with a new composition.
Dry the surface.
Now you can start filling the desired areas with the solution. Everything is done in a standard way. The solution is taken up with a spatula and spread evenly over the surface. As in the previous version, it is imperative to ensure that the new surface is flat and does not protrude above the old layer.
After 30-60 minutes after applying a fresh layer of plaster, you need to wipe it thoroughly.
After the layer is completely dry, it is sanded and a perfectly flat surface is created.
The last stage of plaster repair will be staining. It is advisable to paint the entire facade in 2-3 layers.

In order to remove imperfections from structured plaster, and at the same time save the drawing, you will need to remember exactly how it was applied. To repair the "bark beetle" you will need to buy a specialized compound.

The preparatory stage and filling of cracks and other depressions is carried out according to the same scheme that was given above. But after the solution has set, it will be necessary to wipe it in such a way that a drawing is obtained that repeats the old one as much as possible.

If a special roller was selected to create a pattern on raw plaster, then everything should turn out quickly and easily. The main thing is to take the same tool and place it correctly so that the drawings clearly coincide. It is better to do this work in stages if there are several places with imperfections on the facade.

First, fill one area with a solution, wait for it to solidify and make a texture, and then move on to another. Otherwise, you can skip the moment when the solution lends itself to structuring.

It will be more difficult to deal with the texture, which was made with scrap materials. It will be difficult to repeat such a pattern. Therefore, before starting repair work, you need to practice on a separate surface or remember how the process was performed.Plaster is not eternal. The owners of houses and apartments face a problem when it begins to crack or fall off in places. What to do? We will consider the reasons for this phenomenon, as well as how to repair the plaster of walls in separate places and the technology of surface restoration. Image - DIY repair of plastered walls

Defects on the surface, causes and method of restoration
There are a number of defects that are formed when the proportions of the components of the composition are violated, or the technology of its application. The list is as follows:

Surface lumps and swelling.
Sedimentary cracks.
Fresh plaster is peeling off the wall.
Cracking along the entire depth of the solution.
Efflorescences, spots and stripes appear on the wall after the plaster layer has dried.

What is the cause of these defects? Swelling and bumps can appear if the limestone composition is unstable and has unqualified particles. How to repair lime plaster in this case? It is necessary to cure the plaster until the lime is completely extinguished. Defects are opened, abundantly moistened with water and filled with plaster mortar. It remains to wipe the surface.

Sedimentary cracks are formed with poor mixing of the composition and with an excess of binder. The exact proportions and dosage in accordance with the packaging will help to solve the problem. It remains to thoroughly mix the plaster and level the surface.

When the substrate has not been prepared, cleaned, rough, too dry and dusty, fresh plaster can flake off when sprinkled.To solve it, you will need to suspend work and start preparing the surface. The application technology is as follows: notches are made on the surface for better adhesion (or shingles are made), the wall is cleaned of dust and dirt. In addition, it is moistened with water. Then the mixture will not flake off, and the repair of plaster and surfaces inside the building will not be needed for a long time.

If the problem lies in cracks along the entire thickness of the plaster layer, then there is exactly one reason - there is no reinforcing mesh between the wall and the plaster. The base material is not rigid and is not reinforced in any way. The technology for applying the mixture is that the subsequent finishing layer should be less durable than the previous one, that is, there is less binder in its composition. So that the intermediate layers do not dry out, they need to be moistened with water and reinforced with a mesh.The last defect is spots and stripes. They most often appear on the outside of the walls. This could be due to a very damp or wet surface. Especially when the plaster is applied after rain. The solution is to process the dried walls, make waterproofing, so that moisture does not pull up from the ground. Local repair of plastered walls is done differently. The technology is simple, but requires careful consideration.Do-it-yourself repairs to a wall with pieces of plaster that have fallen out. The work is not difficult. You just need to follow the instructions. Alternatively, you can completely remove the layer and apply a new one. But it is more profitable to plaster the damaged areas. It all starts with an inspection. It is important to identify areas that need repairs. A wooden mallet is required. We'll have to lightly tap the wall. If a dull sound is heard, then the composition has departed.Then the sequence is as follows:

After the examination, the old plaster must be removed. We do not touch the places where it holds well.

Next, the seams are cleaned if it is brickwork. The surface is cleaned of debris and dust.

A primer is applied to the wall. It is needed for better grip.

After the surface has dried, the wall is slightly moistened and the solution is applied. If most of the wall has peeled off, then you will have to use beacons and a rule. Only in this way the wall surface will be perfectly flat.

For minor damage, plaster is removed in the form of a square or rectangle. The site is processed according to the method described earlier, and the cavity is filled with the prepared composition. It is important to stick to the proportions so that the mixture has the correct consistency.