Regardless of what is the cause of the malfunction, you need to know how to disassemble the vacuum cleaner in order to repair it yourself.
Repairing a vacuum cleaner with a wet cleaning function will be a little more difficult, since you will also have to work with a water pump. The main task of the pump is to supply water to the dust collector, for this reason the pump is installed at its inlet. When repairing a washing vacuum cleaner, you must pay attention to disconnecting the pump.
When repairing a vacuum cleaner from companies: Hoover, Vitek, Samsung, Rowenta - it is recommended to check the power cord is working properly. You can check the integrity of the cord using a multimeter. The reason for the failure of the cable most often lies in the active use of the vacuum cleaner, in which the cable is frayed, twisted and broken. If such a breakdown is confirmed, it is enough just to shorten the cable to the required length or replace it.
Vacuum cleaners of the Dyson, Miele brand have a distinctive feature that manifests itself in the frequent failure of the filter. Low suction power is a sign of dirty filters.
It is very important to periodically clean and rinse not only the dust container, but also the filter. Timely maintenance of the filtration system of the vacuum cleaner is the key to its long-term and high-quality operation, which primarily depends on the serviceability of the engine.
Regardless of the type of vacuum cleaner, the heart is called the engine. Television programs like to depict the creation of a vacuum, which, in our opinion, is an inept manipulation of words. The motor draws in air by the blade, the filter keeps the moving parts from dust. Each bearing is equipped with an insert for this purpose. The engine is devoid of protection from vacuum ... Do-it-yourself repair of a vacuum cleaner is advisable when the heart of the device is functioning properly, there is a need to replace, modify the brushes, lubricate the bearings. It is charming that the devices are similar from the inside, like two drops of water. The mechanical part, the device for collecting dust, filters, brushes, hoses, housings vary. Accessories are an essential part of the appliance. The device of the vacuum cleaner, the basic idea remains the same!
The heart of the vacuum cleaner is rightly called a motor, traditionally a collector motor. Let's take a quick look at the design of an irreplaceable product and create a clear idea. In an asynchronous motor, a rotating field is created by correctly distributing the phases by the windings, the winding collector commutes in series. There are unpopular exceptions. The direction of movement is determined by the direction of engagement:
As for the question why the rotor turns exactly in this direction, not opposite when connecting the windings unidirectionally, the answer is revealed by the mutual arrangement of the brushes and stator coils, the structure of the collector. The number of coils is wound on the armature, equal to the number of contact pads of the shaft. The brushes feed a single winding at a time. Then the shaft rotates a certain angular distance, the next coil is energized. One revolution passes, the cycle begins anew.
Imagine the stator pole (so far only one - not two), located at the bottom. Suppose, at the initial moment of time, the brushes are set so that the armature pole is fed to the left of the building axis. Then, due to repulsion, the shaft begins to describe the hour hand. The axis passes the angular distance, the current begins to flow around the next winding, which managed to take the place of the previous one. This happens as long as the current exists. And there is no difference, constant or variable. The collector motor will run driven by the direction of the field. The speed of rotation is not determined by the frequency - by the design of the mechanical part, by the magnitude of the voltage.
Now if the fields are attracted, the rotation will start counterclockwise. By the time the stator and rotor poles become opposite each other, the power will be transferred to the next coil, which will begin to create the required force. The cycle is circular. Now the coils. Brush motors are equipped with a pair of stator windings for direct current because the alternating current encounters too much resistance from the inductors. This is why some brushed motors are designed with separate stator leads. It will allow you to use one instead of two windings. It is clear that the load capacity drops significantly. But losses are decreasing.
In a vacuum cleaner on the motor stator, we notice two diametrically opposite windings that help each other. Mutually beneficial coexistence is ensured by the correct direction of inclusion (wrote above). Reversing motors have a special power relay that switches the poles in proper order. For comparison, in an induction motor, a similar relay distributes the voltage phases in a different way. It turns out a reverse. The collector motor does not require a starting winding and a capacitor (one phase), which try to imitate the second winding. Simply put, the efficiency of three-phase asynchronous motors is higher. The brainchilds of Nikola Tesla and Dolivo-Dobrovolsky are used by industrial equipment, in the 90s they were replaced by collector equipment from household appliances (vacuum cleaners were traditionally supplied with graphite brushes before the restructuring).
Two brushes are used to transfer current to the armature. The difference is leveled, where plus, where minus, the direction is provided by the correct commutation.
Is it possible, by changing the order of connecting the brushes, to make the motor rotate in the opposite direction. The polarity of the field is reversed. This technique is used to obtain a constant voltage reverse. When doing self-repair of vacuum cleaners, remember the correct position of the contacts.
A tangential fan is hidden behind the filters for coarse and fine air purification. Air enters in the center, is discharged to the periphery, moving forward, enters the room through a HEPA filter that traps particles of a few microns (micrometers) in size. The blade is covered with a cover, the part is made in the form of curved aluminum partitions between two metal planes. Closed channels are obtained. The engine is enclosed by a plastic casing (traditionally white), in which the outlet flow path is cut.
It is interesting! Due to the presence of a tangential fan, the efficiency of the vacuum cleaner barely reaches 20-30%. With a power consumption of 1600 W, the suction will be 350 W.
Brushes are fixed in mines, it is good for beginners to know: this is a typical pencil graphite (carbon, coal). You can, if necessary, sharpen the parts, adjust as needed, so that they become in place. If the area of contact with the collector is small, it is not scary, gradually the brushes will wear in. The tips are slightly grinded in a semicircle inward. Each brush is pressed by a spring through which the current passes, the measure will provide a long service life to the products. The carbon will work until it wears down to the ground. However, the copper collector must be kept clean. Wipe with your favorite product if necessary, remove the oxide film to a coppery shine.
The shaft is attached to the stator with two bearings.Different sizes to make it easier to disassemble the vacuum cleaner motor. The front bearing is large and the rear bearing is small. The shaft is carefully knocked out of the stator by suitable means (pneumatic puller), moderate heating helps. The bearings are equipped with anthers. Although the vacuum cleaner creates a vacuum, dirt gets in there too. The anthers are carefully removed with a screwdriver if necessary to lubricate the parts. Suitable: composition HADO, Litol - 24, EP - 2. The grease is put inside, the boot is put in place.
Do-it-yourself vacuum cleaner repair begins by removing the case. In each case, the methods are different. Filters blocking access to the engine are removed. The electrical installation is disconnected (the vacuum cleaner is unplugged), the plastic motor housing is unscrewed from the base. Remove the motor from the casing, after which the fan is removed. The nut has a left-hand thread, twist carefully. The fan is followed by a collector-cover, under which the electrical part is hidden. The further course of operations is clear from what was previously read up to the removal of the rotor.
If necessary, the bearings are racked off with a threaded remover or a hydraulic press. Aids are being used. Small balls with a diameter extending into the bearings. It is recommended to flatten on one side so as not to roll. Reverse mounting is done in a similar way. If you hold the armature by the bearing in your hand, the rotation should be fast, quiet, confident. When lubricating, the outer boot is removed, take the trouble to put new spare parts on the same side.
VIDEO
Other vacuum cleaners have two motors. The second is located on the brush, where it makes the villi move. Cyclonic models use a turbo, moving air does the work. Constructive refinement simplifies the manufacture of the hose, eliminates one big problem when the wire breaks in the thickness of the rubber. Of course, modern means will allow you to accurately determine the location of the incident, it is better to avoid breakage altogether. The idea of the designers, who placed the motor inside the brush, is easy to understand: there is no need to press when cleaning, the weight is decent. Do you like it, decide for yourself. In the opinion of the editors, the brush should be light to make it easier to operate.
Repair of washing vacuum cleaners does not differ from that described above. However, the units contain a pump that supplies water to the hose. We will return to the question in the reviews later. As for the inlet path, the configuration does not differ from the usual one, excluding the presence of a water filter. Most look like dull boxes filled with water. In some vacuum cleaners with an aquafilter, thin streams of water hit the junction of the hose and the body. Primary dust collection is in operation. However, it is difficult to notice the malfunction. It's another matter if the vacuum cleaner is equipped with a self-diagnosis option, which will prompt the location of the breakdown.
The repair of robotic vacuum cleaners is closely related to the field of electronics. There are nothing service mechanisms at all. However, you will find the engine in a reduced size. Most of the functions are implemented in microcircuits, the memory accommodates various programs. Repairing Electrolux vacuum cleaners will seem like child's play compared to the task of adjusting the work of Rumba or Scuba by the American company iRobot (a developer of US army and police automation). A significant disadvantage of robots is the impossibility of cleaning uneven surfaces. Electronic servants lack the ability to create a vacuum ... use a rotating brush to sweep away dust.
All breakdowns associated with a vacuum cleaner most often relate to the operation of the engine. Regardless of the model, the motor has a blade and helps to draw in air. The filter protects moving parts from dust, but the engine simply has no protection against vacuum. When a vacuum cleaner breaks down, many people think about fixing it on their own. This is advisable in situations where the engine is working properly, but there are problems with brushes and bearings.The motors inside the vacuum cleaner are similar to each other. Vacuum cleaners differ only in mechanical parts, devices for collecting dust, filters, hoses and housing, and the design of the brushes.
To repair, you need to disassemble
Possible problems in the operation of the vacuum cleaner, which you can fix yourself, are described in detail below in this article. But the repair begins with the fact that the vacuum cleaner should be disassembled. Initially, the case is removed: depending on the models, the methods will differ, but they are clear and simple. When the case is open, it is necessary to remove the filters that will block access to the engine.
The vacuum cleaner must be unplugged from the socket! Disconnect the electrical installation and unscrew the motor from the frame. The motor is then removed from the casing, then the fan is removed. The nut usually has a left-hand thread. The collector-cover will be located behind the fan, and under it is the electrical part.
Possible typical breakdowns:
- Brushes and bearings;
Sometimes a vacuum cleaner has two motors. The second is located directly on the brush, due to which the villi move. Moving air does the same job in turbo models. When cleaning the brushes, which have an additional motor, do not press hard, because the weight of the device itself is already decent.
Important! The washing vacuum cleaner, in addition to all the components described above, also has a pump that supplies water to the hose. Very often, such vacuum cleaners, due to their high cost, have a self-diagnosis system, which suggests that there is a problem. You can read about the possibility of their self-elimination in the instructions for the household appliance.
When the vacuum cleaner does not work when turned on
In such a situation, the malfunction is related to the availability of electrical power. The outlet, plug, or power cord may be defective. In rare cases, this situation indicates engine failure. To understand what caused the malfunction, it is necessary to check all the elements of the circuit: inspect them well. Wire damage can most often be seen near a plug or at the entrance to a vacuum cleaner.
If the engine is out of order, then it will be quite difficult to repair the device with your own hands. Often, even in service centers, they cannot help solve problems, and if they offer a possible repair, then it’s worth working like buying a new vacuum cleaner.
Not every housewife will be able to disassemble the vacuum cleaner even using the detailed instructions written in this article. But the husband or father, the eldest son will be able to cope with the task. Having disassembled the case and component parts of the device, you can judge how serious the problem is and whether it is possible to fix it yourself or you will have to contact a service center.
Please help me with advice: how to disassemble a Bosch BSG 72225 vacuum cleaner? Two obvious screws were found, but there are two more secret ones - how to find them? You need to get to the winding mechanism of the power cord, it is jammed - and it is at the very bottom.
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On average, a vacuum cleaner can serve from 8 to 12 years (with the exception of Samsung vacuum cleaners with a cyclone filter). This period will always depend on its quality, service and frequency of use. If problems arise with this household appliance, high-quality repairs can extend its service life. Bosch vacuum cleaners are durable and reliable, but the time comes and they also need to be repaired.
After all, it is known that the motor requires new brushes, and due to improper use, the hose or nozzle can get cracked. But, this is not all breakdowns. And the point here is not only to repair the device, but to provide original spare parts for replacement, which are produced at the home plant.
Among the problems of Bosch vacuum cleaners, which are included in the group of cleaning equipment (and these are even small vacuum cleaners for the home), the most basic are:
extraneous noise during operation;
foreign smells of burning during the operation of the device;
lack of reaction to inclusion. There is quite often a large-scale problem here and a preliminary inspection of components and assemblies is needed.
If a Bosch vacuum cleaner suddenly began to suck up dust poorly (a common problem with Electrolux cordless vacuum cleaners), the first thing to do is check the power regulator, which may be in the minimum position. Then you need to check the dust collector, which may be overfilled. Dust bags can often get damaged and it is better to replace them with new ones.
The brush, nozzle and hose can also become clogged if large objects are caught in them. A universal turbo brush can be purchased for 400 rubles, but you can purchase an original Bosch brush for 2500 rubles. The hose costs about the same (slightly more expensive for Samsung vacuum cleaners with an aquafilter).
The tightness of the suction system is very important. If cracks are found, you can treat them yourself with sealants, otherwise replace the damaged parts with new ones. The hose often cracks, and in this case, of course, you also have to buy a new one.
When there is a foreign smell, and hot air comes from the Bosch vacuum cleaner, again you will have to check the hose and dust collectors. Clogged dust collectors (a common problem with Electrolux vacuum cleaners), hoses and brushes often cause the motor to overheat and fail. You also have to change or clean Hepa filters from time to time, on which the durability of the motor depends.
After all, it is these filters that protect the vacuum cleaner motor from dust. Replacing the filter with a new one is quite simple and does not require a qualified technician.
Original Hepa filters can be bought in company stores. They have a high filtration rate. The Hepa filter is made of fibrous materials, so even the smallest dust particles get stuck in it, without getting into the motor. High-quality original Hepa filters on the market can be bought at a price of 300 to 800 rubles (for Zelmer washing vacuum cleaners for 1000 - 1200).
If the vacuum cleaner does not start, the problem may lie in a damaged cord. Often you only need to replace the engine brushes that are worn out. Each brush has its own working life and wears out over time, ceasing to supply current to the motor coil.
And if you know a little about the technique, you can replace these parts yourself. You only need to choose original spare parts, then the brushes will work for a long time. Bosch vacuum cleaner brushes are inexpensive, the kit costs about 50 rubles.
Sometimes you have to carry out repairs or completely change the engine (this is especially true for vertical vacuum cleaners). For Bosch vacuum cleaners, it will cost about 1,000 - 4,000 rubles. To provide the engine with a long service life, you need to monitor the condition of the hepa filter, which protects the engine from dust and other debris.
In addition, lubrication or replacement of vacuum cleaner bearings, flushing of nozzles, replacement of electrical circuit elements, motor control modules, switches, plugs are often required. And again you will have to buy original spare parts for these purposes.
Bosch upright vacuum cleaners have a longer service life. But in order for the engine to work for a long time and reliably, periodically it is necessary to clean filters, dust collectors, a hose, or to carry out a complete preventive cleaning of the elements. Also, nozzles and a turbo brush need cleaning (especially for Makita vacuum cleaners).
It is best to buy all the necessary spare parts, including such seemingly most elementary ones as nozzles, dust collector, hose, brush, only in a specialized Bosch store.
The fact is that the duration of the vacuum cleaners will depend on their quality. But non-original options are still allowed. If it is necessary to change the motor completely, or its individual elements, it is preferable to buy only original spare parts.
It is worth remembering that most of the maintenance work, as well as the repair of Bosch vacuum cleaners, can be done by yourself (except for the repair of iClebo Arte vacuum cleaner robots). Cleaning or changing filters, dust collectors, nozzles, repairing or installing a new hose will not be difficult for any ordinary user. The old brush is easily replaced with a new one.
But the engine brushes and the engine itself require a more qualified approach, but there should be no difficulties here either. Often there is a need to carry out more complex repairs that require qualified specialists (relevant for Karcher washing vacuum cleaners).
In electric vacuum cleaners and electric polishers are used collector motors requiring special care during operation. When inspecting the vacuum cleaner, it is necessary to pay attention to the condition and degree of sparking of the carbon brushes, the condition of the collector plates, the sealing of the body, the serviceability of the locks, the hose and the dust filter, the tightness of the connections of the hose and extension pipes with the vacuum cleaner body.
Collector arcing (switching class) should be equal to two (slight sparking under most of the brush). The condition of the collector and brushes is characterized by the presence of blackening marks on the collector, which can be easily removed by wiping the surface with alcohol or special synthetic detergent, as well as carbon deposits on the brushes.
For troubleshooting in many cases, minor or medium repairs are sufficient. Minor repairs are characterized by the elimination of simple defects, tightening of loose fasteners, and adjustment of easily accessible assembly units. Medium repair is associated with the replacement of failed assembly units, their adjustment. In other cases, overhaul is performed: complete disassembly of the unit, testing and adjustment.
Vacuum cleaners and floor polishers refurbished at the customer's home are checked visually. Inspect the housing, air intake unit, electric motor, drive belt, connecting cord and soldering points. Then the repaired device is connected to the mains and its operation is checked.
Typical malfunctions vacuum cleaners and ways to eliminate them are given in table. 4.6, and similar information about floor polishers - in table. 4.7.
A large number of electrical appliances are used in any living space. You can easily repair vacuum cleaners with your own hands, just having a standard set of tools with you.
Regardless of the model or design of vacuum cleaners, most often any problems with this technique are associated with engine malfunctions. If the device is humming, dusty, or makes intermittent sounds during operation, this is the engine junk. At the same time, if the vacuum cleaner does not suck in debris or the pressure is insufficient for normal operation, then most likely this is a hose malfunction.
Troubleshooting :
When the speed and suction power drop, the most common cause is bearing failure. In this case, you can also observe a periodic restoration of the functionality of the device, that is, a temporary drop in its efficiency does not affect continuous operation;
If the vacuum cleaner hums, but at the same time it normally sucks up debris and dust, then the cause is a malfunction of the engine. Basically, all failures associated with weakening of power relate to the motor device;
If there are no loud sounds during operation, but at the same time, the vacuum cleaner does not suck in the usual amount of debris, then the tightness of the hose is broken. We draw your attention to the fact that the problem may lie both in the violation of the integrity of the corrugation, and in the breakdown of the receiving brush.
You can disassemble a standard Electrolux, Philips, Thomas or any other vacuum cleaner for repair using the following instructions:
At the same time, the maintenance of washing vacuum cleaners (Karcher - Karcher, Zelmer - Zelmer, Bork - Bork and others) is significantly complicated by the presence of a water pump. It supplies water to the dust collector and is installed on its course, therefore, in addition to the steps described above, you will also need to unscrew it.
Video: how to repair a vacuum cleaner yourself <>
Before disassembling models of Hoover, Vitek, Samsung, Rowenta (Roventa) vacuum cleaners and others for spare parts in order to get to the engine and repair it, you need to check the power cable. Due to the fact that the cord is constantly in an active state (it is pulled from room to room, is under constant tension), it wears out quickly. To check its performance, you can use the most common multimeter. After finding the place of fiber fracture, replace the faulty section or cut the cable to the required length.
If the pressure in a Dyson or Miele vacuum cleaner starts to drop noticeably during operation, the first thing to do is to check the filters. They get dirty after each use of this cleaning technique, but not every housewife cleans them as often and as thoroughly as dust collectors. Once every few months, you need not only to knock out, but also to wash from the villi. Otherwise, with each use, the vacuum cleaner will suck in less debris, and over time, quite serious engine repairs will be required due to deterioration in performance.
The operation of a standard "dry" vacuum cleaner is a tandem of two motors. One is the motor and the other is the motor that makes the brushes of the first motor work. It should be noted that in addition to the motor inside the vacuum cleaner, these same brushes and bearings can also wear out. In some models of vacuum cleaners (for example, Siemens - Siemens, Vax, Vao, Dyson), you can repair them yourself, in most others it is better to immediately take them to a service center.
After proper disassembly, replacing any broken internal part with a working one is easy. The main thing is to take into account the brand and size of the previous one. In particular, always pay attention to the material and size of old bearings.
Very interesting to read:
Vacuum problems?
Vacuum cleaners bosch are distinguished by their reliability and durability, but even they need periodic maintenance. Parts may wear out and need to be replaced. To ensure the high quality of the appliance and prevent damage, the vacuum cleaner bosch should be completed only with "native" spare parts. They are manufactured in the same factory and equipment as your instrument.
How to disassemble a vacuum cleaner bosch ?
Main components
Bosch upright vacuums use a motor and fan to suck up dust from a surface. These are the most important structural components. Maintenance, repair or replacement is not difficult. The most important thing is to correctly diagnose the problem.
What can fail
A modern vacuum cleaner is a rather complex household appliance, consisting of many components that can fail. Most often this is the on / off button of the device, drive belt, fan or motor.
Fan service
The fan in the bosch upright vacuum cleaner is located under the motor. It is he who draws in all the dust. In most cases, the fan does not need to be replaced, only periodic maintenance. First, you need to remove the engine cover and disconnect the engine from the vacuum chamber. The fan will be located at the bottom of the engine. Next, clean the fan blades and the base with a damp cloth, and also check if they are damaged by hard objects caught in the vacuum cleaner.
Then unscrew the fan from the motor and wipe it on the back.
Make sure that the shaft on which the blades are mounted is lubricated and there are no problems with rotation.
Engine service
Bosch upright vacuum cleaners are distinguished by their durability. However, some will last longer than others. Much depends on the quality of the engine. If the motor of the vacuum cleaner suddenly stops working, then it is necessary to check the power cable of the fan, as well as the on / off switch. It is necessary to periodically clean the dust container, as filling it up leads to overheating of the engine, which interferes with its normal operation.
Official bosch dealers do not recommend making repairs yourself and advise you to contact the official service centers of the company. There, professionals will quickly and correctly diagnose and replace the damaged part.
Video (click to play).
If you nevertheless decide to start repairing the vacuum cleaner yourself, then you will find “native” bosch spare parts in our branded online store.
Armed with something flat, we open the upper and lower half of the case. Inside we are greeted by multi-colored wires and a new cover, under which the patient's heart - the engine - awaits us. 
But first we need to pull out the speed controller (a small scarf on colored wires). To remove it, push the speed regulator shaft up and to the left. Now it will not be difficult to get the regulator itself out of the grooves. 
