Do-it-yourself Bosch vacuum cleaner repair

Regardless of the manufacturers and types of vacuum cleaner, the main difference lies in the quality, power and design.

The most important thing in a vacuum cleaner is an electric motor that creates a vacuum and, as a result, sucks dust and various particles through special filters through which only air passes.
In different types of such devices, these filters are different, and flasks and just bags and cyclonic vacuum cleaners.

But it is the engine and, occasionally, the electronic power (speed) control circuit that requires the most attention in this whole device.

Do-it-yourself engine repair is not difficult to carry out if the breakdown is simple and the engine is still running but the engine is heavy (when turned off) or the engine starts to rumble or hum strongly, sometimes the vacuum cleaner gets very hot in a short period of time.

The heart of the vacuum cleaner, as we have already figured out, is the engine and, as a rule, the collector.
What is such an engine?
The engine is housed in a housing where the fan impeller blades are hidden. It is of a tangential type, where air is drawn in in the center and exits through the periphery and through the rear filter is already out.
The brushes in the engine are placed in special mines made of brass, as a rule, this is ordinary carbon in the form of graphite. Over time, the brushes are rubbed against the collector roller, their middle is ground off and they become slightly semicircular, due to which the contact area with the collector areas increases. The brushes in their mines are pressed by springs, creating the necessary pressure of graphite, in the process of robots, to the collector. The brush will work until that time until it is worn out and the spring cannot properly contact the graphite to the commutator.
It is necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the collector shaft itself, clean it from carbon deposits if necessary, and remove the oxide layer to a copper sheen.

The shaft is attached to the stator on two bearings of different sizes, as a rule, this is done in order to make it easier to disassemble it. The front is usually large, and the rear is smaller.

The shaft is carefully knocked out of the stator using any suitable tool. Then we look at the course of the bearings, because of the dusty robots they become clogged despite the presence of anthers. If necessary, the anthers are carefully removed with a thin screwdriver or an awl, washed with a WD-pattern, after which the balls must be lubricated, for example, with Litol-24 or EP-2 type grease, after which the anther is put in place and snaps into its grooves in the bearing itself.

To start some kind of repair or maintenance of the vacuum cleaner, you need to remove the case. Each model has its own methods.
First of all, all filters that make it difficult to access the motor are removed, the case screws are unscrewed, including hidden ones (under the buttons, for example). Having unscrewed all the screws, you need to carefully try to disassemble the case, if this fails, take a closer look at where else there may be latches or additional screws, if you do not pay attention to this, you can break the case.

Then the entire electrical installation is disconnected, as a rule, the connections are made on the connectors.
The plastic housing of the motor is unscrewed from the frame, after which the motor is removed from its plastic housing.
In some models, it is simpler and the motor itself is fixed in the vacuum cleaner body in special rubber grooves-seals or is screwed tightly to the general body of the vacuum cleaner.

To disassemble the engine and remove the fan impeller First of all, we will remove the front part of the casing (above the impeller).We take a thin metal object, you can use a screwdriver and carefully bend it from the side of the casing so that the screwdriver goes a little into the middle, then with a gentle movement we push out the upper part of the casing, as a result of which the entire impeller becomes available to us.

The nut on the impeller usually has a left-hand thread (but there are exceptions) We try to unscrew it while holding the impeller with your hand, if it scrolls and you cannot unscrew the nut in this way, there is one great way
So .. we take a good stranded wire with a cross section of more than 1.5mm in dense rubber insulation (to prevent slipping). We push such a wiring and wrap the collector shaft 2-3 times, turn to turn and stretch in different directions, thereby fixing the shaft motionless.

It is most convenient to do this together, one person fixes the collector using the ends of the wire stretched to the sides, and the second unscrews the nut on the fan disk.
The method is very convenient and safe for fixing the anchor. In the same way, when reassembling, tighten the nut.

After removing the fan impeller, unscrew the housing screws, by this time the brushes should already be removed.

Then we carefully pull out the anchor, if necessary, twisting the upper part a little.

If necessary, the bearings are removed using an available tool or special threaded pullers. In especially severe cases, sometimes the bearing “sticks” tightly with the bushing, a special hydraulic press is used to remove the bearings.

• bearings
• brushes
• fuse
• network wire
• no contact in the switch
• motor windings, breakage or burnout of the winding (stator or rotor)
• capacitor failure
• failure of the electronic circuit of the power regulator

Loss of power and suction.
The most common cause is either clogged filters or bearing failure.
The filters must be cleaned and the operation checked again, also the operation (draft) of the vacuum cleaner without filters should be checked, as it happens that the usual cleaning of the filter does not help and it already needs to be replaced.
If the traction without filters does not give the same working traction, you will have to disassemble the vacuum cleaner, the impeller on it should easily turn with your finger without much effort. Additionally, we remove and inspect the brushes and clean the collector from soot, using sandpaper or a piece of ordinary cloth.

In some cases, the tightness of the hose is broken, this can be both a violation of the integrity of the hose itself and the connecting pipes at the ends of the hose, the hose simply slips out of them a little.

The vacuum cleaner does not turn on.
If everything is fine with the voltage at the outlet, we disassemble the vacuum cleaner and first of all inspect the fuse and power cord, especially at the very end of the cord on the winding drum at the soldering points.
If there is a tester, we call for a contact.
The power button could break, or the contact is simply broken in it, it sometimes gets clogged, again with the help of a tester we make sure that the button is working.
If all the elements were rung by the tester and the voltage comes to the motor brushes without any problems, and the brushes themselves are not erased, then most likely you will have an expensive engine repair or simply replacing it, since in most cases it is more expedient to install a new motor than to repair a tired old one by rewinding.

If the vacuum cleaner worked for a long time and does not turn on then it is quite possible that the protective thermal relay on the engine itself has worked as a result of overheating - in this case, there is nothing to repair, it will be enough to leave the vacuum cleaner to cool the engine.

Vacuum cleaner motor speed not adjustable.
The most common cause of such a malfunction is a breakdown of the triac, in which the voltage through it is not regulated, but freely passes through it without any control. Possible failure of this element and possibly loss of contact on one of the legs of this element on the board.
By slightly pressing down on the speed control knob, you can make sure that the regulator itself is in good condition or that the contact may be broken in it and the regulator slider will not contact its site.

Vacuum cleaner emits odor and hot air.
First of all, you need to make sure that the suction inlet is not clogged, inspect the hose, check the retraction force at the inlet and whether the sound of the engine changes when the inlet is plugged with the palm of your hand. In the case of satisfactory operation on the part of the suction system, we can assume a malfunction of the engine, and most likely the brushes.

The vacuum cleaner hums and rumbles - the reason for this action is the engine, and in particular its bearings. Most likely they need additional lubrication or, if there is a large shaft around their axis, they need to be replaced with new ones.

The cord does not tighten when pressing the button or constantly tightens during operation - violation of the winding drum, the spring may have burst, weakened or vice versa is too tight.
We inspect the pressure roller of the button and, if necessary, by removing the drum, we wind or unwind the wire on the drum - changing the tension of the drum itself to the one we need.

As a rule, it is not complicated and in most models it is quite standard.

Every home uses a lot of electrical appliances. Vacuum cleaner repairs can be easily done by hand, simply by having a standard set of tools with you.

Regardless of the model or design of vacuum cleaners, most often any problems with this technique are associated with engine malfunctions. If the device is buzzing, dusty, or makes intermittent sounds during operation, this is junk engine. At the same time, if the vacuum cleaner does not suck up debris or the pressure is insufficient for normal operation, then most likely these are hose malfunctions.

Troubleshooting:

1. When speed and suction power drop, the most common cause is bearing failure. At the same time, it is also possible to observe the periodic restoration of the functionality of the device, i.e., a temporary drop in its efficiency does not affect the permanent operation; Photo - torn hose
2. If the vacuum cleaner is buzzing, but at the same time rubbish and dust are normally sucked in, then the cause is a motor problem. Basically, all breakdowns associated with the weakening of power relate to the motor device;
3. If there are no loud sounds during operation, but at the same time, the vacuum cleaner does not suck in the usual amount of debris, then the tightness of the hose is broken. Please note that the problem may be both in violation of the integrity of the corrugation, and in the breakdown of the receiving brush.

To disassemble a standard vacuum cleaner Electrolux, Philips (Philips), Thomas (Thomas) or any other for repair, you can follow the following instructions:

At the same time, the maintenance of washing vacuum cleaners (Karcher - Karcher, Zelmer - Zelmer, Bork - Bork and others) is significantly complicated by the presence of a water pump. It supplies water to the dust collector and is installed on its course, so in addition to the actions described above, you will also need to unscrew it.

Video: how to repair a vacuum cleaner yourself <>

Before disassembling vacuum cleaner models Hoover, Vitek, Samsung, Rowenta (Roventa) and others for spare parts in order to get to the engine and repair it, you need to check the power cord. Due to the fact that the cord is constantly in an active state (pulled from room to room, under constant tension), it wears out quickly. To check its performance, you can use the most common multimeter. After finding the place of fracture of the fibers, replace the defective section or cut the cable to the desired length.

If the pressure in a Dyson or Miele vacuum cleaner begins to drop noticeably during operation, then the first thing to do is check the filters. They become dirty after each use of this cleaning technique, but not every housewife cleans them with such frequency and thoroughness as dust collectors.Once every few months, you need to not only knock out, but also wash out the villi. Otherwise, with each use, the vacuum cleaner will suck up less and less debris, and over time, quite a serious engine repair will be needed due to deterioration in performance.

Photo - washing option

The scheme of operation of a standard "dry" vacuum cleaner is a tandem of two motors. One is a motor, and the second is an engine that makes the brushes of the first engine work. It should be noted that in addition to the motor inside the vacuum cleaner, these same brushes and bearings can also wear out. In some models of vacuum cleaners (say, Siemens - Siemens, Vax, Vao, Dyson), you can repair them yourself, in most others it is better to immediately take them to a service center.

After proper disassembly, it will not be difficult to replace any broken internal part with a working one. The main thing is to take into account the brand and size of the previous one. In particular, always pay attention to the material and size of old bearings.

Very interesting to read:

Repair of vacuum cleaners, as well as other household appliances, is a common practice, since all appliances tend to break down. The most common cause of failure is the wear of parts and the destruction of mechanisms. However, a broken vacuum cleaner does not always mean that you need to buy a new one, since it is quite possible to repair such equipment with your own hands.

Vacuum cleaner is considered to be the most popular item of household appliances. Most housewives today can no longer imagine their lives without a vacuum cleaner, as it saves time and helps keep the house clean and tidy.

See also - How to choose a good vacuum cleaner at an affordable price?

In most cases, the reason that the vacuum cleaner is out of order is the engine. Such a breakdown occurs with almost all makes and models of the device, regardless of the manufacturer. According to the characteristic features and features of the device, you can diagnose the problem and try to repair the vacuum cleaner with your own hands.

• The first sign of engine malfunction is a hum and the appearance of a dust cloud during operation of the device.
• Insufficient suction power or its complete absence indicates that the hose has failed. Another sign that the tightness of the hose is broken is the quiet operation of the device. In addition to the breakdown in the corrugation, the receiving brush can be damaged.
• A low suction rate and a drop in operating speed may be due to bearing failure. Proof of the failure of these particular components is the periodic restoration of normal operation.
• Excessive hum during proper operation indicates that the engine is out of order. In most cases, malfunctions in the motor directly affect the strength of the air suction power.

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No matter what the cause of the malfunction, you need to know how to disassemble the vacuum cleaner in order to repair it yourself.

Repairing a vacuum cleaner with a wet cleaning function will be a little more difficult, since you will also have to work with a water pump. The main task of the pump is to supply water to the dust collector, for this reason the pump is installed at its inlet. When repairing a washing vacuum cleaner, attention must also be paid to disconnecting the pump.

See also - Do-it-yourself multicooker repair

When repairing a vacuum cleaner from the following companies: Hoover, Vitek, Samsung, Rowenta, it is recommended to check that the power cord is working properly. You can check the integrity of the cord with a multimeter. The reason for the failure of the cable most often lies in the active use of a vacuum cleaner, in which the cable is frayed, twisted and broken. If such a breakdown is confirmed, simply shorten the cable to the desired length or replace it.

Vacuum cleaners of the Dyson, Miele brand have a distinctive feature, which manifests itself in the frequent failure of the filter.A sign of dirty filters is low suction power.

It is very important to periodically clean and rinse not only the dust container, but also the filter. Timely care of the filtering system of the vacuum cleaner is the key to its long and high-quality work, which primarily depends on the health of the engine.

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Regardless of the type of vacuum cleaner, the engine is called the heart. Television programs love to depict the creation of a vacuum, in our opinion what has been said is an inept manipulation of words. The motor draws in air with a blade, the filter protects the moving parts from dust. Each bearing is provided with an insert for this purpose. The engine is deprived of protection from vacuum ... Do-it-yourself vacuum cleaner repair is advisable when the heart of the device is functioning properly, there is a need to replace, modify the brushes, lubricate the bearings. It's lovely that the devices are similar from the inside, like two peas in a pod. The mechanical part, the device of the dust collection tank, filters, brushes, hoses, housings differ. Accessories are an essential part of the device. The device of the vacuum cleaner, the fundamental idea remains the same!

The heart of the vacuum cleaner is rightly called the motor, traditionally a collector. Briefly consider the design of an indispensable product, create a clear idea. In an asynchronous motor, a rotating field is created by the correct distribution of phases by the windings, the winding collector commutates in series. There are unpopular exceptions. The direction of movement is determined by the switching direction:

1. The current flows, the fields work for attraction.
2. Current flows, fields repel.

As for the question why the rotor rotates in this direction, which is not opposite when the windings are connected unidirectionally, the answer is revealed by the mutual arrangement of the brushes and stator coils, the structure of the collector. The number of coils wound on the armature is equal to the number of contact pads of the shaft. The brushes feed only one winding at a time. Then the shaft scrolls some angular distance, the next coil is powered. One revolution passes, the cycle begins again.

Imagine a stator pole (so far only one - not two) at the bottom. Suppose, at the initial moment of time, the brushes are set in such a way that the armature pole is fed to the left of the construction axis. Then, due to repulsion, the shaft begins to describe the hour hand. The axis passes the angular distance, the current begins to flow around the next winding, which has managed to take the place of the previous one. This happens as long as there is current. And there is no difference, constant or variable. The collector motor will work driven by the direction of the field. The rotation speed is not determined by the frequency - the design of the mechanical part, the magnitude of the voltage.

Now if the fields are attracted, the rotation will start counter-clockwise. By the time the stator and rotor poles are opposite each other, the power will be transferred to the next coil, which will begin to create the desired force. The cycle is circular. Now coils. Collector motors are equipped with a pair of stator windings for direct current, because the alternating current encounters too much resistance from the inductances. This is why some commutator motors are made with separate stator terminals. Allows you to use one instead of two windings. It is clear that the load capacity drops significantly. But losses are reduced.

In a vacuum cleaner on the motor stator, we notice two diametrically opposite windings that help each other. Mutually beneficial coexistence is ensured by the right direction of inclusion (wrote above). Reversible motors have a special power relay that switches the poles in the proper order. For comparison, in an asynchronous motor, such a relay distributes the voltage phases in a different way. It turns out a reverse.The collector motor does not require a starting winding and a capacitor (one phase), which are trying to imitate a second winding. Simply put, the efficiency of three-phase asynchronous motors is higher. The brainchild of Nikola Tesla and Dolivo-Dobrovolsky are used by industrial equipment, in the 90s they were replaced by collectors from household appliances (vacuum cleaners were traditionally supplied with graphite brushes before perestroika).

Two brushes are used to transfer current to the armature. The difference is leveled, where is plus, where is minus, the direction is provided by correct switching.

Is it possible, by changing the order of connecting the brushes, to make the motor rotate in the opposite direction. The field polarity is reversed. This technique is used to obtain a reverse with a constant voltage. When performing self-repair of vacuum cleaners, remember the correct position of the contacts.

A tangential fan is hidden behind the coarse and fine air filters. The air enters in the center, is ejected to the periphery, moving forward, enters the room through a HEPA filter that traps particles with a size of a micron (micrometers). The blade is covered with a lid, the part is made in the form of curved aluminum partitions between two metal planes. There are closed channels. The motor is encased in a plastic casing (traditionally white) in which the outlet flow path is cut.

It is interesting! Due to the presence of a tangential fan, the efficiency of the vacuum cleaner barely reaches 20-30%. With a power consumption of 1600 watts, the suction will be 350 watts.

Brushes are mounted in mines, it is useful for beginners to know: this is a typical pencil graphite (carbon, coal). You can, if necessary, sharpen parts, adjust as needed so that they become in place. If the area of ​​​​contact with the collector is small, it's not scary, the brushes will gradually run in. The tips are slightly worn in a semicircle inward. Each brush is pressed by a spring through which current passes, the measure will ensure a long service life for products. Carbon will work until it is worn to the ground. However, the copper collector must be clean. Wipe with your favorite product if necessary, remove the oxide film to a copper sheen.

The shaft is attached to the stator with two bearings. Different sizes to make it easier to disassemble the vacuum cleaner motor. The front bearing is large, the rear is small. The shaft is carefully knocked out of the stator by suitable means (pneumatic puller), moderate heating helps. The bearings are equipped with anthers. Although the vacuum cleaner creates a vacuum, dirt also penetrates there. The anthers are carefully removed with a screwdriver, if necessary, lubricate the parts. Suitable: HADO composition, Litol - 24, EP - 2. The lubricant is put inside, the anther is put in place.

Do-it-yourself vacuum cleaner repair begins by removing the case. Each case has its own methods. Filters are removed to block access to the engine. The electrical installation is disconnected (the vacuum cleaner is unplugged), the plastic motor housing is unscrewed from the frame. The motor should be removed from the casing, after which the fan is removed. The nut has a left-hand thread, turn carefully. Following the fan is a collector-cover, under which the electrical part is hidden. The further course of operations is clear from the previously read up to the extraction of the rotor.

If necessary, the bearings are trimmed with a threaded puller or a hydraulic press. Auxiliary devices are used. Small balls with a diameter passing inside the bearings. It is recommended to flatten on one side so that they do not roll. Reverse installation is carried out in a similar way. If you hold the anchor by the bearing in your hand, the rotation should be fast, silent, confident. When lubricating, the outer anther is removed, take the trouble to put new spare parts on the same side.

• brushes;
• bearings;
• motor windings;
• power wire;
• fuse.