DIY planer repair

In detail: do-it-yourself planer repair from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

Thicknesser machines for wood are a type of planer and jointer, and are designed for precise manufacturing of boards with a certain cross-section. Unlike planing woodworking equipment, such units are equipped with clamping and feeding devices, and can also process several workpieces at the same time. The versatility of modern thicknessing machines increases if the tool kit includes not only flat, but also curly knives.

Homemade thickness planer

The design of the units under consideration can be quite varied. Machine tools are classified according to the following criteria:

By drive type. Self-made mini-devices can also have a manual drive, but in most cases they still use an electric drive. At the same time, household models are equipped with a 220 V motor, and professional ones - 380 V.
By the type of filing. In the scheme of the machine, there may be one or two pairs of feed rollers, respectively, in the first case, it will be necessary to make the clamping of the workpiece to the table more powerful, vibrations at the time of plunging are also not excluded. Double-sided roller feeds are more advanced and convenient to work with. A number of foreign firms (Makita, DeWalt, etc.) complete their products with automatic feed units, but this option is justified only with significant programs for the production of the same type of product.
According to the number of cutter shafts. This determines how many different profiles the machine can handle at the same time. However, the number of operators will increase accordingly.
By functionality. The device of thicknessing machines allows you to make not only the dimensional processing of a semi-finished product, but also its subsequent calibration. This eliminates the appearance of transverse chips, dents and other defects that may appear on the treated surface in case of non-observance of the jointing technology or with an excessively large feed of the initial material.
By its technological characteristics. In practice, the equipment under consideration is produced with a power range of 1 ... 40 kW, with a shaft rotation frequency of up to 10,000 ... 12,000 min -1, a planing width of up to 1350 mm, a stroke of up to 50 m / min and a thickness of the initial workpiece of 5 ... 160 mm.

Video (click to play).

In addition, some models differ in the way of adjusting the clearances and the design of the bearing assembly of the main drive.

A typical wood thicknessing machine can successfully replace two pieces of equipment: a mechanical drive planer and a planer (transverse - for short products, or longitudinal - for long products).

Homemade thickness planer

The simplest scheme of a thicknesser (with one-sided feed of the source material) includes the following units:

Drive motor.
Transfer. It can be a standard V-belt, toothed belt, with a variator, as well as with replaceable pulleys (the latter option differs in the minimum values of the transmitted power, and therefore is used only in low-power equipment).
Knife shaft. It can have several instruments with different configurations. Spiral knives are considered to be especially successful, as they make minimal noise during their work.
top direction assembly, which, in turn, consists of a pair of rollers - front and rear. The front drum has a grooved surface: in order to improve grip on the tree, and to prevent possible changes in the direction of movement of the processed board. The rear drum is always smooth;
clamping unit, which prevents chip jamming and possible cracking of the material.Structurally, the clamp can be made in the form of claw grips that penetrate into the wood, or it can also be made in the form of a massive metal element equipped with spring-loaded teeth;
unit of the lower direction, facilitating the supply of the workpiece into the working space;
a table with devices for adjusting the technological gaps between the rollers of the upper and lower clamps;
the bed, on which all the other elements of the working diagram of the machine are located.

The principle of operation of the thicknessing machine

Units with a two-way feed device are distinguished by the fact that they are equipped with an additional cutter shaft extension unit. In this regard, it is much easier to replace the tool for reinstalling it from one standard size to another (or for the purpose of subsequent sharpening).

Thicknesser device

The thicknessing machine works like this. The torque from the electric motor through transmissions is reported to the knife shaft. The board to be processed is brought into the gap and pressed first against the lower, and then - against the upper pressure rollers. In this case, the workpiece is gripped by a corrugated roll and fed to the tool. Before plunge-in, the semi-finished product is clamped between the upper and lower guiding device, which ensures reliable fixation of the material during processing. The clamping device ensures timely removal of chips from under the rotating tool. At the moment the workpiece comes off the rear guide roller, the next item is set to the front one, after which the process is repeated.

On the market there is a significant number of various models of the equipment under consideration, both from domestic manufacturers (Corvette, Enkor, Krasny Metallist, etc.) and imported. In the latter versions, dubious Chinese brands prevail, which do not differ in reliability in work, and, in addition, often have underestimated, against the passport, parameters. In such cases, as well as if the proposed machines do not fit into the existing dimensions of the area, it makes sense to make a thickness gauge with your own hands.

It should be noted right away that it is better to purchase a number of units and parts than to try to do it yourself. This, first of all, concerns the knife shaft itself, together with the fastening bearings: home-made options will not differ in the required mating accuracy, as a result of which the part will overheat under load.When choosing a machine diagram, they are guided by the available drawings (can be found on the Internet), but before that it is worth clarifying a number of device elements. For example, if in one unit there is a need to combine a jointer and a thicknessing tool, then it is advisable to make the equipment with a two-way drive. Then, on one side of the device, you can perform preliminary piercing of the workpiece, and on the other hand, you can carry out the final processing of the tree "to size".

Having completed the do-it-yourself planer universal in use, it will be possible to significantly simplify the processing of lumber, saving on the purchase of a professional tool.Thicknessers are used for planing lumber and giving surfaces a perfect even shape. Self-made machines are versatile in use, allowing you to guarantee high-quality processing of lumber and giving them the required shape.

Thicknessers are woodworking machines, which allow planing, leveling the surface of lumber with the execution of boards of a given thickness. Such wood processing is carried out using lumber in construction and the manufacture of various structures from them. Planing equipment is in demand in the market and is popular with ordinary homeowners who are independently engaged in construction in the country and in their own home.

Self-made planes are distinguished by their simplicity of design, which allows them to be made using electric planers, grinders and other similar power tools as the basis. You just need to take care of the presence of an appropriate scheme, which should be followed when performing homemade equipment.

The do-it-yourself planer is distinguished by its versatility. The functionality of such equipment will be sufficient for high-quality wood processing. On self-made machines, you can not only plan lumber, but also finish the boards, giving them the necessary thickness and a perfectly flat surface.The advantages of hand-made planers include the following:

The simplicity of the device of the thicknessing machine for wood.

Functionality and versatility of use.

Affordable cost of the components used.

Possibility of subsequent upgrades.

Reliability and maintainability of equipment.

To make a homemade planer with your own hands, you can use an electric planer, on the basis of which a machine is made that allows you to carry out high-quality wood processing, including planing, edge processing and chamfering. It is only necessary to select a high-quality project for the manufacture of a homemade planer, which will be the key to the implementation of reliable and versatile equipment.

On the Internet, you can find various schemes for the execution of homemade jointers, which differ in functionality and ease of manufacture. Subsequently, you should adhere to the scheme on hand, selecting the appropriate components and correctly assembling the machine, the functionality of which will fully meet the requirements of the homeowners.There are many options for making homemade planers, which will differ in their basis. The easiest way to make such a tool is on the basis of an electric planer or jigsaw.To complete the planer, you will need the following:

Electric planer.

Screwdrivers and keys.

Ruler and corner.

Screwdriver.

Drive sprockets.

Bicycle chain.

Bars and planks made of wood.

Plywood sheet 15 millimeters thick.

Long threaded screws.

Plywood and timber will be required for the manufacture of the base of the machine and the hand table, on which the electric planer and other elements responsible for the functionality and safety of using the equipment will be attached.

It is necessary to use high-quality wood, which is additionally recommended to be treated with impregnations against decay.

The manufacture of a planer is not difficult, so almost everyone can handle the implementation of such equipment.

The following work will need to be done:

This is the simplest planer design that can be done at home. On the network you can find various drawings of a planer from an electric plane with your own hands, which will differ in their functionality and manufacturing method.

Subsequently, you can upgrade the completed basic design of the machine by adding additional tools, which expands the functionality of the equipment.

Performing any home-made woodworking machine, you need to take care of the safety of working on the equipment. The cutter, if possible, should be covered with protective devices, and work on the machine, where the working cutting element does not have any protection, is prohibited. Most home-made plans for making a planer have high-quality protection of an electric planer, which makes it possible to exclude injuries when working with such equipment.

When working with homemade tools, you must use protective goggles and work gloves. In particular, the latter will be required when working with rough dense workpieces, when the beating of a home-made planer from an electric planer is noted when processing material.

The studs used must be free from cracks, defects and damage. If cracks or damage are found, the defective parts of the machine must be replaced.

Subject to the simplest safety measures, working on a thicknesser will not present any difficulty, and the machine itself will serve for many years. it will be possible to perform high-quality wood processing on self-made machines, saving on the purchase of industrial milling cutters.Knowledge of the rules for working on a planer will improve the quality of lumber processing, saving the homeowner from any difficulties with the operation of the tool he has made.The working rules are as follows:

The pin of the machine is set in the correct position.

Depending on the size of the workpieces being processed, the course of the planer is set, for which the guide bar is fixed.

The machine is slightly tilted, which opens the cutting part of the hairpin, the lumber to be processed is laid inside, after which the tool is pulled over itself, this allows the cutting head to remove a thin layer of wood.

Over and over again, translational movements are performed with the planer head, removing a layer of wood from the processed lumber, achieving a perfectly flat surface.

A properly assembled electric planer-based thicknessing cutter will not be inferior to expensive factory equipment in terms of functionality, efficiency and productivity. You just need to find on the Internet a high-quality plan for making a planer and then follow the drawings, assembling an electric machine. The easiest way to make such a tool is on the basis of an electric plane, which is mounted on a plywood base. The simplest self-made thicknessing gauge will differ in functionality in use, guaranteeing high-quality wood processing.

The thickness gauge is one of the most essential tools for woodworking. With the help of it, a flat plane with a given thickness is planed, that is, the surface of the material for cutting is leveled. You can purchase this planer both ready-made and make it yourself. Buying ready-made equipment will be quite expensive, so you should resort to this option only if you plan to use it for processing custom-made wooden parts. For ordinary household work, a hand-made tool is also suitable.

A do-it-yourself planer for wood is made from an electric planer, it is the main component of the tool. The lumber is planed directly with it. Do not worry about the performance of a hand-made mechanism - as practice shows, the quality of products does not greatly decrease when using such a machine, in comparison with purchased equipment.

First you need to decide on the size of the parts that you plan to create on the future tool. In accordance with the selected dimensions, the dimensions of the machine itself are already selected.The width and height of the equipment body, the length of the stud, the length of the planer guides are determined.

What you need to make a homemade planer with your own hands:

An unoccupied handheld electric plane.
Diy planer drawings from an electric plane.
Plywood and blocks for assembling the equipment body, as a material for assembling the body.
A small amount of free time.

It would be best to draw up your own drawing, focusing on the specific features of both the existing electric planer and the parts that will be made using a tabletop planer. You can, of course, follow a ready-made drawing, but this is already a more difficult task.

Then you need to correctly determine the location of the pin, with the help of which the planer will rise and fall. How well it will be located directly depends efficiency of the future machine in working on parts. Image - DIY planer repair

For example, you can place it in the very middle of the body of the instrument, which is done quite often by inexperienced craftsmen. But this is far from the best option, since it does not provide convenience in work, and also does not provide a reliable and easy fixation. Ideally, in order to avoid any special difficulties when working with the tool, you need to place the pin between the front and rear handles of the tool.

To provide the pin with the necessary mobility, a rolling bearing is installed on the top cover of the planer, which is being converted from a planer. A nut is installed on the middle plate - with its help, the height of the planer position becomes easily adjustable, with a small step and increased accuracy.

Machine guides contribute to efficiency and precision when machining workpieces. They are made from the most ordinary wooden blocks, which will not take too much money. In length, they should be slightly larger than the part for which they are intended, that is, they need to be performed not directly along the length of the blanks, but a small margin should be left.

Among other things, the bottom plane of the marking machine must be arranged so that during work it can be parallel to its knives. This way you can achieve maximum accuracy. when processing a particular part.

If it is under an electric plane, it will not be so easy to achieve this accuracy, and the efficiency of the tool will not be as expected. But if everything is done correctly, the machines, arranged according to this principle, will delight the craftsmen.

Any craftsman needs instructions on how to make devices such as homemade wood thicknessing machines. It is not very difficult to make this mechanism. The first step is to take a sheet of plywood 500 m long and 400 mm wide, at least 15 mm thick. It will serve as the basis for the future device. Then, from another piece of plywood of the same thickness, supports for the electric plane are made, and they are attached to the base. They are fixed with screws to the back of the plywood sheet.... An electric plane is also installed there.Then a platform is installed under the electric planer, in the center of which it is necessary to make a hole. This hole is cut with a jigsaw directly in the shape of the electrical appliance, and the device itself is fixed to it with screws.

Before turning on the tool again, you must make sure that its wiring is not exposed, and that all elements are properly fixed.

Always wear protective goggles when cutting workpieces.

When handling rough parts, keep gloves on.

Any defects and damage on the surface of pins and knives must not be allowed. Otherwise, they must be immediately replaced with new ones.

Do not allow metal components to come into contact with the surfaces of workpieces. These are nails, screws and screws. There is a risk of injury when working with the tool, and you can also permanently remove it from working condition.

In the woodworking industry, it is difficult to do without modern carpentry equipment, with the help of which the timber and boards are processed, giving their sides a perfectly flat surface. For these purposes, a planer is designed that can cope with large-area products.A do-it-yourself surface gauge is lightweight, so it is easy to install or, removing it as unnecessary, transport it to another place. It is easy to adjust, easy to operate and provides a high quality surface finish.At the design stage of the thicknessing machine, the configuration of the future equipment is determined. In the factory models, the top rollers feed, requiring the correct setting of the rotation speed, which is difficult to do at home... Homemade designs, on the other hand, should be extremely simple. To facilitate the process of their manufacture, they abandon the automatic feed of the workpiece for its processing and take the jointer as a basis - another type of woodworking tool.In addition, the following characteristics of the future planer should be envisaged:

Possibility of changing the position of the support table, which is necessary to adjust its height relative to the cutting shaft.

The choice of the processing tool. The best solution is to use spare parts from an old factory model that have the required technical parameters.

The presence of a stable frame. During the operation of the equipment, vibration inevitably appears, therefore, in order to increase the quality of processing, it is necessary to reduce its effect on the workpieces being processed.

To implement the tasks set, they make up the correct scheme, taking as a basis the drawings of factory models, ready-made technical solutions. Be sure to take into account the experience of making home-made thicknessing machines, as well as the size, thickness, type of wood of the processed workpieces.If you have the necessary tools and materials, the assembly of thicknessing equipment for wood will not take much time. You will need:

lathe for the manufacture of rollers, pulleys;

drilling machine or drill, for making holes in fasteners;

welding machine for assembling the feeding table, bed;

grinder for cutting off, fitting structural parts to the required size.

There are many options for how to make a planer with your own hands, but the optimal dimensions for a homemade device should not exceed 1x1 meters. These parameters allow you to process workpieces of any size, while the product turns out to be mobile and it will be convenient to rearrange it, transport it to another place. The equipment is positioned in such a way as to provide access from all directions.If stationary use is planned, then in order to exclude the manifestation of excessive vibration in the future, the frame is concreted, fixed with anchor bolts.The first step is to assemble the bed according to the previously drawn up drawings. To give the structure the necessary rigidity, an iron corner of 50x50 mm is taken, in its absence, a profile square pipe of 40x40 mm.The marked elements of the bed are cut using a grinder with an abrasive wheel. Having laid them on level ground, they are assembled according to the scheme and the frame is welded.The holes for fastening the removable parts are marked and, using a drill, they are drilled.After completing the welding work, they begin to install the shafts: knife, pressure, feed. To obtain high quality products, it is better to purchase the entire cutter shaft assembly or ready-made knives for the thicknesser. If possible, the pressure shafts are made from hand-operated laundry squeezers from old washing machines, the rubberized surface of which will gently but firmly hold the workpieces on the worktable.It is preferable to install gear pulleys for the motor, shafts, which will allow the use of a chain transmission, which is characterized by a high degree of reliability. An asynchronous electric motor with a power of 4–5 kW is chosen as the engine. A schematic diagram of the arrangement of parts is shown in the figure:1 - work table for feeding, dispensing workpieces; 2 - wood preparation; 3 - safety device; 4 - top feed roller with corrugated surface; 5 - front clamp; 6 - knife shaft; 7 - back clamp; 8 - supply top roller with a smooth surface; 9 - lower smooth shaftThe base of the table consists of a rear and a front, which are fixed on prepared adjusting devices. With the help of them, the height of the table and the position of the workpiece to be processed are changed. Before starting work, be sure to check the location of the knives, the reliability of the fastening and the correct sharpening.The adjustment is carried out as follows. Support rollers (8) are lowered below the level of the table (10), and the tabletop itself is lowered so that a pre-processed wooden block laid on it passes freely under the knife shaft. Slowly raise the table, while scrolling the shaft, until it touches the surface of the bar. At the moment of contact with the upper edge of the knife shaft, the position of the table is fixed.Having lowered the working surface by 0.3 mm, the bar is moved under the rear clamp (3), which is adjusted with screws (2), trying to get a touch of the template. Additionally, they are lowered by 0.7 mm (a total of 1 mm from the initial level) and a measuring stamp is placed under the front clamp (5), the height of which, until the bar touches, is set with adjusting screws (6).Lowering the working surface another 0.5 (1.5 mm from the starting level), adjust the rear pressure roller (1). Continuing to lower it by 0.5 mm, use the measuring gauge to change the height of the grooved feed roller (7). Having lowered it by another millimeter, the measuring template is installed under the claw protection and the height is adjusted until it touches. Finally, the support rollers are positioned above the table surface.Machining a workpiece that is not pressed down simultaneously by both shafts is prohibited!Adjustment dimensions may differ depending on the model of woodworking equipment. When starting the processing of conifers, the difference in the height of the pressure rolls is set within 0.3 mm, for deciduous ones - 0.1 mm. When planing workpieces, it is important to observe safety precautions, so you must not:

place your hands near moving and rotating machinery;

clean during operation;

repair live parts.

Always ground the equipment to prevent the possibility of electric shock. Before turning on, be sure to check the serviceability of all mechanisms.It is this option for making a thicknessing machine at home in many cases, preferred by craftsmen with an electric planer. The cost of revision while maintaining the principle of operation will be minimal, but the result is no worse than using expensive equipment. Instead of a table, a flat, powerful board is installed, along its sides there are width limiters, on which the main unit is fastened. The electric plane is fixed to a base with a variable height.The rear support metal plate on the planer is changed to a self-made OSB, large plywood.The thickness is chosen so as to obtain the same level relative to the front plate, which adjusts the chip clearance of 1-3 mm. The width of the work table and the base plate must be equal to each other.On the side of the plate, fastening rails of the legs of the required height are screwed. Since the standard knife width is 8.2 cm, the thickness of the planer of the workpieces to be processed, for example, timber, should not exceed 10 cm, and the center-to-center distance of the legs is 11–12 cm. Therefore, their length will be 14–16 cm, and the width is more than 3.5 cm. , and the thickness is 1 cm. They are fixed at the same distance from the edge of the plate.The pre-assembled clamping device with an electric plane is installed on the working base, placing the attachment points strictly in level. This is necessary for parallel movement relative to the working surface and guarantees the necessary processing accuracy with a homemade machine. If it is required to ensure the clamping of the working tool, then use spring ties, a rubber band.

Video (click to play).

This is the most affordable option for making a thickness planer. Of course, such a tool can hardly be considered complete, but the principle of operation and the end result make it suitable for performing simple operations at home.