DIY suitcase handle repair

In detail: do-it-yourself repair of the handle of a suitcase on wheels from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

The best way to fix a suitcase is to take it to the workshop, where it will certainly be put back on its feet, or rather, on wheels. But what if you need to repair the retractable handle of a suitcase urgently, right during the trip? And the craftsmen sometimes ask for so much for their work that this money would be enough to buy a simple replacement for a broken suitcase. If you are not very worried about the aesthetic appearance of the case, it will be possible to repair it, even if you are, well, very far from nuts and bolts. How exactly can this be done? It all depends on the degree of damage.

When the handle breaks on the way, the beauty and durability of the repair is out of the question. It is important to do everything quickly and relatively reliably: so much so that you do not have to drag the suitcase in your hands to the very destination. And a real professional of express repairs - scotch tape will help us to do this.

So, the most common problem is a fracture of one of the retractable handle tubes. In terms of doing it yourself, the situation is very similar to applying a splint in case of a fracture in a person.

Find a rigid frame that acts as a tire. It might be a small metal pipe, but in the field you usually have to rely on a pencil, ruler or comb - the stronger the better.
An improvised splint is applied to the fracture site along the pipe.
Now the fracture site is wrapped with tape or tape along the entire length of the tire, or at least 5-7 cm in each direction from the fracture.

Of course, folding the handle with the tire back will be unrealistic, so if you still have to check in your suitcase, limit yourself to simply wrapping the break with tape in several layers.

Video (click to play).

Not everyone takes scotch or duct tape with them on trips (but in vain!), So the short-sighted will have to try to replace this irreplaceable product with improvised means: a handkerchief, cling film from sandwiches, stationery clips, if they fit.

By the way, this method can be used even if the handle is broken in several places, practically crumbling. You just have to find a tire a little longer or increase their number, and you will need to wrap it up with tape more reliably.

So you brought a broken suitcase home, and now you have enough time to slowly deal with the problem and try to repair the telescopic system with your own hands. Let's say right away: without experience in welding and polishing metal, it will not work to make the handle look like new, so all aesthetes will have to go to the workshops. But if you only need functionality from a suitcase, you can improve the way to strengthen the rift by replacing the tire with a pin.

Loosen the telescopic bolts and remove the broken part.
Insert a reinforcement of the structure in the form of a metal rod of a slightly smaller width than the cavity itself.
Secure the break with the same tape or tape.
Fasten the reinforced structure with the bolts back.

If a break allows, you do not even need to twist the pipe out of the telescopic holders, but it is important that the length of the pin is equal to the length of the handle itself, otherwise your reinforcement will dangle inside.

Another possible problem that you can solve with your own hands is the unscrewing of the bolts that hold the structure and, as a result, the handle dangling from one or both sides. To repair it, it is enough to tighten these or put new bolts and nuts in place of the old ones, for which you need to get close to the frame from the inside through the upholstery.

If it was not the telescopic handle, but the stationary handle that was unscrewed, you can also secure it with a bolt and nut, if it was not mechanically damaged (not cracked, not broken into parts)

Choose suitcases with telescopic, stationary and side handles so that in the event of a breakdown of one or even two of them, you have a backup transport option.

The second most common problem with telescopic systems after they break is jamming inside the suitcase. This is especially unpleasant if the suitcase is heavy: you won't be able to carry it on wheels!

First, feel inside the frame through the upholstery for the frame of the handle. Your task is to find holes with springs that fix it.
Now these springs must be pressed simultaneously: the handle will be released and "shoot" out of the groove.

The reverse situation is also not uncommon: the handle refuses to assemble back into the groove, and the suitcase must be checked in. Unfortunately, without disassembling the structure, it is almost impossible to solve this problem. In order not to completely break the structure during transportation, you can try to dismantle it with your own hands, twisting the bolts under the upholstery from the inside, or ask someone more experienced to do it for you. Then pack the handle in the suitcase, and wrap the suitcase itself with packing film so that things do not fall out and get dirty through the hole.

The telescopic handle and its quality are almost the main criterion when choosing a suitcase. Give preference to wide handles made of strong and thick metal, and then the likelihood of their breakage will be lower.

In order not to have to repair the telescopic handle, just roll the suitcase for it, and do not carry, do not sit on the suitcase and do not hammer it with heavy things under the maximum permissible weight. Well, if a breakdown did occur, now you know how you can cope with it in emergency and at home without the need to resort to the help of a master.

A century ago, travelers used chests, knapsacks and bags to transport things. Today a suitcase is an indispensable attribute for a modern person, whose life is connected with moving and business trips. It is also important for those who just travel a couple of times a year on vacation. The criteria by which you should choose it are the spaciousness and convenience of the handles.

When choosing a travel companion, you need to pay special attention to some parameters:

Volume. At the moment, in the largest suitcase you can put no more than 22 kg of things, in the middle one - no more than 17 kg, in the small one - up to 12 kg. Some varieties can change their volume by 1/3. Space is added by the zip opening that hides the entire compartment for household items.
The device of wheels and handles is designed for the corresponding weight and no more. Each model has its own specific gravity. This should be written in the instructions.
The handle is one of the main conditions for the convenient transportation of the suitcase. It should fit well in the hand and be rounded. Attached to the base with rivets or screws. The fasteners inside can be felt by hand, there are nuts, the size of which is usually several times larger than the size of the screws. The product on casters has 3 handles. One with a pull-out mechanism on top, the others are stationary - on top and on the side. The retractable one should have a comfortable length and the ability to fix it both in the extended and recessed position.
A good product has a plastic zipper, rather large, with 2 sliders.
Suitcases are made from soft (polyester and nylon) or hard (plastic with metal shavings) materials. The advantage of plastic over soft - in the ability to carry fragile things in it, the disadvantage is weight and susceptibility to scratches.

Sometimes the toughest looking suitcases break. If the model is branded and of high quality, then breakdown may occur due to improper operation, overload. Moreover, the fault of the breakdown does not always lie with the owner. Airport loaders may be negligent with luggage.Handles break most often.Do-it-yourself repair of a suitcase on wheels, if the rivet that secures the handle breaks, proceed as follows.

No belts? They can be replaced with a rope. In this case, the repair system does not differ from the previous method. If there is no item nearby to replace the handle, then it can be made from the rope itself. To do this, twist the rope and wrap it with duct tape at the bottom, leaving the rope ring as an improvised handle.

Damage to a telescopic handle for a suitcase or a retractable handle is difficult to repair in the field.

The easiest way is to purchase a new telescopic handle and replace the broken one with it. Of course, repairs can be made by contacting specialists, but this is a rather expensive pleasure. In emergency situations, you should try to fix the breakdown yourself. This requires tools and skills to work with them.

To replace a broken handle with a new one, you need:

Image - Do-it-yourself repair of the handle of a suitcase on wheels

Dismantle the old one. To do this, you need to get access to the mechanisms of its fastening. If there is no zipper on the lining, you will have to cut it.

Inside, at the bottom of the suitcase, there is a fastening of 2 pipes for self-tapping screws that need to be unscrewed.

Unscrew the same screws from the top of the product, in the inner part (there can be up to 5 of them).

Pull the handle out through the top. Sometimes its upper part is attached to the suitcase with latches, they need to be disconnected with a screwdriver.

Instead of a broken handle, a replaceable part is installed. Sometimes the mounting holes of the new handle are in a different place, and therefore you have to carefully tighten the screws or bolts in the new places.

Close the lining.

Do-it-yourself repair of the telescopic handle is completed.

The algorithm for repairing a retractable handle of a suitcase with your own hands is as follows:

Unscrew the self-tapping screws on the sides of the telescopic tubes to remove the handles.

Drill holes in the corners with a drill equal to the diameter of the self-tapping screw or bolt used.

Drill through holes in the handle itself, in the places where the factory screws were.

Flush with the surface of the handle, you need to melt, using a soldering iron, a screw with a screwed nut. Before that, widen the hole for the nut so that it can hardly enter there.

Remove the molten plastic from the handle with a knife or file.

Glue the broken off corner with Moment glue.

Attach the corners of the handle with screws and washers.

Insert the repaired handle into the telescopic tubes and secure with a pair of self-tapping screws.

This sequence will help when the handle has broken off from the telescopic tube at the place of its fixation.

To avoid breaking the suitcase handles, you need to follow some rules:

load the suitcase evenly with things;

put the heaviest items down;

avoid overload;

carry a suitcase only by the stationary handle;

transport the suitcase by the telescopic handle only on a level road.

These simple rules and tips will help you restore suitcase handles on your own and avoid such troubles with further use.

I cut off a piece of metal profile with a grinder, the size of the length of the handle, aligned it

I attached a metal plate to the inside of the suitcase and marked the holes I needed for attaching the handle with a marker, then I drilled the holes along the marks with a drill.

Then, this plate was screwed to the inside of the suitcase, it replaced the plastic base for me, which all broke.

And from the outside, I reinforced the handle itself with a metal plate and its side fasteners, one of which broke almost in half.

After that, I screwed all the details of the handle to the suitcase and was very pleased with my idea.

I think that my suitcase will serve me for more than one year.

Image - DIY repair of the handle of a suitcase on wheels

If you have any comments and advice, I will listen to you with pleasure. Your Lyudmila was with you.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the basic rules for the proper handling of items of baggage:

Zipper Closure:

The main mistake is that when opening / closing a suitcase, the zipper is slightly pressed in or pulled with force, since the zipper "leg" of the zipper (slider) is high (often above the level of the rubber rim). As a result, it turns out that the engine "buries", "sticks" in the zipper, goes tight, especially in the corners. In addition, the teeth wear out - the zipper breaks down faster, breaks. Replacing the zipper, especially on plastic suitcases, is very difficult in such cases. To avoid such problems, when opening / closing the suitcase, slightly lift the zipper up the lock (thus avoiding getting under the slider of the fabric rim or rubber rim), then it will easily, smoothly and smoothly slide along the zipper.

When the suitcase is too crowded with things, the zipper links can diverge, the order of the links is disturbed, "clove in clove" does not fall. In this case, repair difficulties arise: even after replacing the zipper lock, the lightning will function poorly and disperse.

Rubber bezel

A rubber band over the zip closure serves as a protective piece. In the cold, it "dubs", becomes less flexible - it can crack, burst.Therefore, upon arrival from frost, it is not recommended to open the suitcase immediately, so as not to damage the rubber rim, but wait a little until the parts reach room temperature.

When dirt, sand, moisture, etc. get into the wheels, they begin to seize, spin badly, and impede the movement of the suitcase. It is recommended to drip a little WD-40 under the wheel arch into the bearing area without disassembling the wheel housing (vadashka is a universal technical tool). The wheel will turn again.

Weight & Wheels:

The maximum allowable weight for loading a suitcase is 1/3 (one third) of its capacity.

For example, a large suitcase can hold up to 151.5 liters.

This means that the weight of the luggage for this suitcase must not exceed 50 kg.

Often the traveler does not know or does not attach importance to this recommendation, and as a result, due to excessive load, the wheels cease to function properly (the wheel "pulls" to the side, it ceases to rotate agilely, sticks). When, under excessive load, a 4-wheel suitcase is carried as a 2-wheel suitcase, the pressure on the rear wheels, although they are larger in diameter than the front ones, becomes 2-3 times higher than the norm, which disables them. The buyer brings the suitcase to the warranty workshop to replace the wheels, although in this case this is not a manufacturing defect (allegedly unreliable and short-lived wheels were installed at the factory), but improper operation.

To carry the suitcase, it is recommended to use the side and top handles on the body of the suitcase, rather than the handle on the retractable handle, as often as possible.

Retractable handle:

The first and most important rule: do not jerk the retractable handle abruptly, immediately after pressing the button. Correct use provides 2 options, depending on the design.

First option. Press and for a second slightly hold the button on the handle of the retractable handle - give time to operate the internal latches, which push the springs - the retractable handle will jump out automatically. The telescopic handle can then be extended to the required height. It is important to note that you need to press the button not from the side, not across, but in the middle, along the button.

Second option. On suitcases where there is a recess under the handle of the retractable handle, the retractable handle does not automatically jump out when the button is pressed. In this case, the handle needs to be "helped": after pressing and holding the button for a short time, pull the retractable handle up (the recess in this case is for the hand).

In addition, you must first press the button before sliding the handle back.

It happens that the telescopic handle of a new suitcase is tightly pushed in and out - it is necessary to develop such a handle a little so that the lubricating oil, which is inside the handle structure itself, gets into the right places.

Some collections, especially expensive ones, have a special telescopic handle design. In no case should such handles be pulled out sharply, but this should be done not in one, but in several movements, which is associated with certain functional features of such structures.

The indisputable advantage of suitcases is their capacity and mobility. Violation of the integrity of the wheels or legs significantly affects the usability of the product, in particular its movement. If you need urgent repair of suitcases in Minsk, and there is no way to go to the workshop, then you can try to change the wheels of the suitcase yourself.

If the purchase of a new product is not planned in the near future, and there are no repair shops nearby or there is no budget for this, you should perform several, at first glance, simple steps:

remove a broken part or a wheel with a mount;
buy an identical product;
attach it in place of the old one.

By the type of fastening of the wheel itself, they are distinguished as solid (the wheel is soldered into the general structure) and prefabricated (the parts are untwisted, assembled separately without special tools).

Models of suitcases are available where the wheels are held by bolts or screws. This allows you to unscrew the damaged part with a screwdriver, and replace it quite quickly.

Wheels with rivets placed under the lining of the suitcase will require more complex manipulation. On the inside, an incision is made along two perpendicular sides. It is desirable that this be at the edges, since later non-factory seams will be less noticeable. Use pliers or wire cutters to loosen the rivets. The wheel is replaced with an old design or new holders are mounted. The lining is then sewn neatly.

In the absence of visible external parts of the rivets or their breakage, the structure should be replaced completely and it is better to use the bolted method. Although it involves the same intervention under the lining layer, it will facilitate future repairs.

Often they use radical measures - they install new wheels with fasteners in a completely different place, and the old ones are knocked down.

Presentable appearance is just as important as the functionality of the suitcase; when buying new wheels, you should be guided by the principle of pairing (even if you need to replace only one) and identity (in terms of location of fastening, sizes of fasteners and wheels).

Before changing the wheels of a suitcase, an old broken wheel is taken to the store. This will help determine both the dimensions and the style of the product, its color. Sellers will provide their recommendations, but do not forget that their goal is to sell at a higher price, and for the buyer the purchase principles are a symbiosis of strength, beauty, and affordability.

It happens that it is not the wheels of the suitcase that needs to be replaced, but the broken legs. In this case, you need iron or wooden corners, or special plastic legs, which are sold at any hardware store. The variety of such products implies not only the color scheme, but also the size, height and width of the leg.

You can also replace the legs at home using available tools: in the presence of thick wire, tools and, of course, manual dexterity. The basis for the repair in this case is to recreate the exact geometry of the broken leg.

Throughout the year, a person is waiting for the blessed time of vacations, remembering how great everything was (in most cases) the last time. And already to prepare for a new trip, pondering the upcoming trip and collecting money "in a pile". And now the long-awaited, but at the same time unexpected luck in the form of a “burning” tour came to the house. For packing 24 hours, we pack our suitcase and go!

Here are just a suitcase removed from the mezzanine shocks with its obscene appearance, and then we remember, yes there was a case, the wheel came off, but it does not matter, the trouble is that it is not known where it is. And one more, which is smaller, has fallen into disrepair and, most likely, the purchase of a new suitcase cannot be avoided. And this is an unplanned waste of money, which on vacation will not be superfluous. Therefore, we will make repairs.

First of all, it is necessary to remove the wheel arches from the attachment point, they are held on the body of the suitcase by some kind of rivets, the spreading tips of which (from the side of the interior of the suitcase) must be well squeezed "into a bunch" with pliers and then either knock them out with a weave nail (if not punch) with a hammer, or pull it out with the same pliers, hooking it onto the cap from the outside. It will not be at all difficult to do this, because this mount is essentially decorative. So the wheel arches are removed.

Next, we take the available wheels and go shopping or to the market in search of an adequate replacement. And don't ask for the wheels for the suitcase - you won't find it. Ask for inline skate wheels. Those that are larger will be easy to find. But the middle wheel, of a smaller diameter, I found in a hardware store among furniture fittings, it was called a "support wheel".Please note that roller skate wheels have two bearings each, which means that they will not wear out, and the suitcase will move faster than the rolling one.

I note that earlier large wheels rotated on an axle with a diameter of 6 mm, and for new axles, a diameter of 8 mm is needed, but nothing needs to be drilled out, during operation, the old axles have already wiped the plastic of the holes just to the required size. The wheel is installed in the niche in the following order: the axle is passed into the hole in the wall of the niche, then a washer is put on without fail (to prevent the sidewall of the wheel from touching the walls of the niche), the wheel itself is installed, another washer, and the axle is inserted into the hole of the second wall. But the nut is screwed on after the niche is installed, but before it is fastened with screws.

The niche put in place is fixed with M6 screws with washers and a nut (it is better even with two - to counter)

He did not remove the supporting furniture taken in place of the middle wheel from the existing metal base, but sawed off the excess from it in order to fit into the niche. Due to the existing stop, the wheel did not fall into the niche due to the hole developed by the previous axis, but rose just as needed.

The assembled "undercarriage" would look no worse than the new one, if it were not for the wear of the bottom upholstery, however, "in working position" they are not visible. As for the performance indicators, they are clearly superior to the previous ones.

So I didn't have to buy a new "fellow traveler" for "from 2000 rubles and more." The suitcase is ready for further work and I dare to assure you of long-term use.

In our home you can order repair of suitcases in St. Petersburg :

Any complexity.
All manufacturers.
We do partial restoration or completely restore the product.

Modern products can be of various designs, made of any fabric, high-quality and sophisticated fittings are used.

We guarantee one hundred percent high-quality performance of such types of work:

1. Replacement of locks and worn-out fittings.

2. Repair of the body of the suitcase made of plastic, leather and material.

4. We return the original form of the product.

5. We change the decor of the suitcases, improve the functions of the product.

6. We replace the lining.

8. Dry cleaning and painting.

9. Expertise and issuance of an act for companies in which the suitcase was damaged.

10. Service of suitcases under warranty, as well as post-warranty service.

Only high quality components

In order to achieve an effective result, our company uses only the best. We employ real professionals in their field, everyone has experience behind them. Each of the craftsmen has their own secrets and practices, which he uses during the repair.

Only we use equipment from well-known manufacturers. For leather suitcases we use cosmetics made in France. Accessories and spare parts from world famous companies. Such parts do not appear on the market.

Our prices. They are almost the same as everyone else in this area of the service market. But what distinguishes us is the quality of our work. Price and quality are the motto of our home.

The advantage of working with us

By choosing our repair shop, you get a quick result. This is facilitated by the qualifications of our employees. Convenient service. If necessary, the repaired item can be delivered to the address by a courier. Contact us and you will become our regular customer. It's convenient with us.

We cooperate with such companies as: Samsonite (Samsonite), Louis Vuitton, Hartmann, Delsey, Travelpro, Titan (Titan), Saturn (Saturn), American Tourister, Lark, Laplandia, Roncato, Rimowa, Delsey, Redmond, IT, American Tourister, Antler, Stratic, Carlton, Best Bags, Heys. We have a wide range of spare parts for branded and Chinese suitcases.

We work from 9-21 hours. Without lunch and days off
E-mail:

It is possible for a courier to leave the city (400 rubles - pick up and bring back)

References and acts for airlines

If a suitcase, bag or briefcase was broken at Pulkovo Airport, and cannot be repaired, our service center issues a certificate for airlines at the airport by which you can compensate for the damage caused to you! Acts on the presence of defects, the reason for their origin, as well as the possibility or impossibility of repair. The cost of the certificate is 400 rubles.

Self Repair Parts

If you want to purchase wheels, handles, carts and telescopic mechanisms from us for self-repair, please bring a sample with you so that it would be easier for us to find the part you need.

Attention promotion! Urgent repairs, no extra payment for urgency, from 1 hour. You only need to come once to return and collect the repaired suitcase!

2 month warranty! We have the lowest prices and short terms! The shelf life of your handed over item in our workshop after repair is 1 month. If during this period you did not pick it up, then it is dismantled for parts!

Our advantages:

Providing a guarantee for the work done;
We have courier delivery;
Use of exclusively high-quality imported equipment in the work;
The company provides for personnel training;
Customer service system;
Providing discounts;
Payment in cash and non-cash payment;
We work with organizations by bank transfer, it is possible to conclude contracts for warranty service with shops.

Attention! Prices are for non-original parts. The cost of installing original spare parts on expensive brands may differ. (Prices are indicated taking into account work and materials).

Accessories for suitcases are a necessary thing not only for making a new product, but also for repairing an old one, since metal accessories, as a rule, very quickly lose their presentable appearance, especially if the suitcase has been used regularly.

Replacing a broken lock, torn handle, or rusted corner is a great way to extend the life of your beloved suitcase, or simply redesign it if you're tired of the old look. By carefully repairing your travel bag, you will save your money (after all, new suitcases are not cheap) and will be able to continue traveling with a convenient and familiar thing, the possibilities of which are well known to you.

Of course, you can return the suitcase to a specialized repair organization. But you can try to change the fittings for the suitcase on your own - this way, again, you will save money, but most importantly, you will be able to show your creativity and make the suitcase exactly the way you want it to be.

The success of DIY repair of a leather suitcase depends on the correct selection and installation of all fittings, so in this article we will try to give you some useful advice on how to solve this problem.

The first stage in replacing the metal fittings of a suitcase is the removal of old, out-of-order fittings, be they hinges, corners, locks or handles. This procedure is very difficult and potentially traumatic, so you need to be patient, and most importantly - the necessary tools, including a Phillips and slotted screwdriver, pliers and nippers.

The danger when removing obsolete metal fittings from a suitcase lies not only in the possibility of injuring your hands, but also in the risk of ruining the suitcase itself, and defects on the case from improperly torn fittings will be very difficult to mask.

In order not to scratch the surface of the leather suitcase during dismantling, we recommend placing cardboard or a thick rag under the places where the tools are pressed. To remove old nails and rivets from the suitcase, you should carefully pry on their bent legs and straighten the fittings from the inside of the suitcase.

A good algorithm for getting rid of the fittings from the suitcase is to first remove the hinges, dividing the product into two halves, which are conveniently placed horizontally and work with them separately. Particularly deep-seated rivets can be carefully drilled out from the wrong side using a drill.

The most exciting and creative stage in the repair of a suitcase is the selection and purchase of new accessories, because here you can fully express your imagination and turn an old thing into a fashionable work of vintage art. The main requirement for new fittings for a suitcase is that its dimensions correspond to the dimensions of the old fittings, because, most likely, old holes will have to be used to fix corners, hinges, handles and locks.

Fortunately, the catalogs of modern manufacturers of metal accessories for leather haberdashery offer a huge selection of accessories for suitcases, and it will not be difficult to find products of the desired configuration. As a last resort, you can try to put fittings of large dimensions, making sure that the new holes are located at a distance from the old ones.

Locks for leather suitcases are conveniently fastened to screws or nuts with washers, especially since when buying a lock, fasteners are already included in the kit. To increase the reliability and safety of the fastening, it is advisable to lay a tin plate on the inside of the suitcase - the so-called stiffening rib. Locks for suitcases are well fastened with bulge-legs, which are inserted into old holes and then bent from the inside.

If you are more interested in the strength and reliability of suitcase locks than in their exquisite design, we suggest using a very original idea: use ordinary furniture hinges as latches! Do you want to know how? Then watch the following master class:

In a classic suitcase, the handle is usually stationary, and not telescopic, which is more common in suitcases on wheels. Such a handle is fastened either on screws with a screwdriver, or on rivets. If the old handle had a screw fastening, you can use it to attach the new handle, and if you want to use rivets as fasteners, it is better to buy a suitcase handle with them.An important nuance is the need to remove the lining of the suitcase to use rivets, therefore, if the lining is not equipped with Velcro or a zipper, you will have to open it and then sew it up (or change it).Broken handles are a typical problem with roomy suitcases, initially of not very good quality, therefore, to a greater extent, it is typical for modern Chinese products. However, the principle of repairing the handle of vintage leather and popular fabric suitcases is very similar, and we suggest that you familiarize yourself with how to attach the handle to the suitcase using bolts and nuts with washers:

Perhaps the hinges for suitcases are more susceptible to wear and tear, because they carry a load every time the suitcase is closed and opened, and especially suffer from overloading the suitcase with things. Hinges for suitcases can be both overhead and mortise, while hinges with stops are also distinguished, allowing the lid of the suitcase to be fixed in the desired position. The hinge fastening methods are standard - rivets or screws.

Video (click to play).

To fix the corners for suitcases, you will need a riveter and rivets, as well as a drill if the corners will be installed not in old, but in new holes. After preparing the holes for the rivets, the corners are attached to the suitcase with a riveter, while a washer must be laid on the inside.

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