Do-it-yourself particulate filter repair

In detail: do-it-yourself diesel particulate filter repair from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

The particulate filter is a metal cylinder inside which there is a ceramic heat-resistant matrix, which is covered with a catalyst consisting of many channels. Channels and perform the main function of cleansing - they retain small soot particles.

The porous structure of the channels allows you to retain the smallest particles. The exhaust gases pass through the filter and soot particles settle on the walls of the matrix. The DPF catalyst oxidizes unburned hydrocarbons and neutralizes carbon monoxide.

The diesel particulate filter is repaired if no light penetrates through the filter. If it does, then you can leave the old filter for a while. In addition, if the particulate filter is removed in time, the noise level will be significantly reduced, the air flow will be uniform, so there will be no problems with the engine. Also, the engine will be protected from water ingress.

Repair of the particulate filter is necessary, since particulate filters have a short service life, approximately 120-200 thousand km. Genuine filters are not cheap, so the DPF can be repaired by regeneration. Forced regeneration, or filter cleaning, is started by the vehicle.

The regeneration of the particulate filter takes place in such a way that the soot particles are burned out. The engine control unit increases the temperature inside the filter to six hundred degrees. Additional fuel is then injected into the filter. It burns out in the particulate filter. Due to the increased temperature, a carbon oxidation reaction occurs in the filter.

Video (click to play).

It is recommended to regenerate the particulate filter at a speed of 80 km / h for forty kilometers. In some cars, the control unit is able to change the parameters of the engine. Therefore, columns of smoke can be observed near the cars. The diesel particulate filter receives fuel and hot exhaust gases.

The particulate filter heats up to seven hundred degrees. The soot particles are burned out and the particulate filter is cleaned. It is important to make it on time, otherwise the filter will become completely dirty, and this will affect both the health of the driver and passengers, and the condition of the engine, due to a lack of oxygen, it will worsen its work. Repair of the particulate filter is possible if it is taken on time. If the filter is completely dirty, replace it with a new one.

At the end of the last century, environmentalists began to fiercely fight the owners of car companies and oil rigs, accusing them of excessive environmental pollution. In order to somehow calm down the indignation of the fighters for a clean atmosphere, the designers have developed such a detail as a particulate filter. Since the beginning of its application in the automotive industry, we stopped breathing soot, which is released during the combustion of diesel fuel in the engine.

The particulate filter is used in the construction of diesel engines. It allows you to thoroughly clean the exhaust from various undesirable impurities, since it has a fine cell structure. This detail makes the environment a little better.

Despite all its usefulness, the particulate filter has one significant drawback - the need for frequent cleaning. The fact is that it spontaneously clears itself only when driving at high speeds, which is not always possible for a motorist. Experts recommend running the car on the highway after each 150 km traveled.

However, even with this advice, replacing the particulate filter is inevitable.It is not completely cleaned, and its high degree of contamination can lead to the following undesirable consequences:

decrease in diesel engine power and increased fuel consumption;
overheating of the motor in the hot season;
reduction in the resource of the motor, which leads to its breakdown.

If the particulate filter is not heavily contaminated, that is, you have timely identified the initial stage of contamination of the filter element, then it can be cleaned. This process will improve the throughput of the element, and therefore solve the problems with insufficient motor power.

In the video - cleaning the particulate filter:

The particulate filter is cleaned by car mechanics at every self-respecting service station. Here, pollution in the early stages will be removed quickly and inexpensively. If you want to save money on the services of professionals, you can always clean the device yourself.

This part, like a bee hive, consists of a large number of small holes, which over time become clogged with soot, soot and other products of diesel fuel combustion. To clean it, a special additive is used, which is added to the tank of a car and mixed with diesel fuel. When traveling with this type of fuel, the filter element is cleaned.

There is also a second option. It is supposed to be removed to clean the filter. After that, the part is soaked in a special chemical agent and blown out under high pressure. After such washing, the part is installed in its original place.

As you can see, adding fuel additives avoids vehicle downtime and is therefore a more popular way to clean a diesel particulate filter.

If the particulate filter of your car is in a deplorable state, then the only way to preserve the environment and not lose in engine power is to replace it with a new one. In this case, you will not pay so much for the work as for the new part.

A new filter element costs a lot of money, especially when it comes to original parts. The very replacement of the particulate filter consists in removing the old one and installing a new one. Motorists carry out such manipulations quite rarely, again, due to the high cost of the part itself.

Another solution for a dirty particulate filter is to remove it. It will allow you to reduce fuel consumption, not to drive at high speeds from time to time to regenerate this part, increase the power of the car and permanently get rid of the risk of engine damage due to clogging of the filter part.

The automatic shutdown of the particulate filter consists of two stages. On the first, you physically delete it, and on the second, programmatically.

At the first stage, you will need to cut out a compartment with this element and catalyst. In their place, you can install a flame arrester or just weld a piece of pipe. Installing a flame arrester will increase the durability of the muffler and exhaust system, increase engine power and change the exhaust sound to a lower one.

The video shows the removal of the particulate filter:

At the second stage, in order to avoid an error in the electronic engine control unit, temperature sensors and a lambda probe must be welded into the welded piece of pipe. After getting rid of the particulate filter, you will need to chip-tune the car. This procedure will primarily allow you to get rid of the emissions of gray-black smoke.After removing the filter piece, your engine will be less moody to maintain. It is also worth noting that you will immediately lose your car warranty.The particulate filter helps to rid the environment of harmful fuel impurities, soot and smoke emissions. If it gets dirty, you will be faced with a choice of three options: replacing it, cleaning it, or turning it off. Each of these options has its own pros and cons.Having made your decision, remember that in the future your children and grandchildren will live on this planet. Image - DIY diesel particulate filter repair

Modern diesel vehicles have many design solutions for cleaning engine exhaust gases. These include the EGR system, and one of the solutions is the widespread installation of DPF particulate filters. During active operation, such a filter can quickly fail under certain conditions.

The main task of the filter element is to trap soot. The next stage is the afterburning of the accumulated soot deposits in such a way as to minimize damage to the environment. At the very beginning, the filter collects soot up to a certain point. This moment is determined by the difference in pressure before and after the element. When the pressure deviates from the allowable limit and the filter capacity does not allow further efficient passage of exhaust gases, the diesel engine ECU activates the appropriate mode for afterburning the accumulated soot.

Afterburning of soot on a diesel engine is switched on under various conditions, which are individually set by the manufacturer of a particular model. These conditions are summarized by the fact that a diesel engine must have a medium or high crankshaft speed and be in motion. The ECU gives a command to increase the amount of fuel at the time of injection. The result is an increase in the temperature of the exhaust gases at the outlet. With such an increase in temperature, the soot burns out. If the car is operated in urban areas with short trips at low speeds, constantly warms up in winter and is idle for a long time in traffic jams, then the self-cleaning mode of the diesel particulate filter is simply not activated. Constant exposure to such conditions leads to rapid clogging of the element.

The service life of the particulate filter directly depends on a number of factors and the individual operating conditions of the vehicle. A critically clogged element must be replaced. It should be noted that the cost of a high-quality new part is quite high. For this reason, the question of how to clean a diesel particulate filter has become acute.

The pollution process begins as a result of the combustion of diesel fuel in the cylinders of a diesel engine. Soot is a by-product of combustion of a mixture of diesel fuel and air. This soot is not particularly harmful to the filter, as it is a fine powder. During filtration, these particles are simply retained on the mesh.

The problem arises due to the presence of hydrocarbon particles in the exhaust that have not burned out in the working chamber. Hydrocarbons lead to the active formation of resinous deposits. Microparticles of soot literally stick together with resin, resulting in accelerated formation of soot. Diesel engine oil components are also present in the soot in the form of metal sulfates, which are formed after the combustion of the trapped oil in the cylinders.

Exhaust sulphates are due to the fact that metal-containing additives are included in the base composition of the diesel oil additive package. This is especially true for multi-purpose engine oils that can be used equally for both diesel and gasoline internal combustion engines. The result is that the diesel self-cleaning system is not able to remove the dense carbon deposits on the particulate filter.

The service life of the particulate filter is directly related to the total number of self-cleaning operations initiated by the ECU. The more often the part is self-cleaning, the more platinum-catalyst burns out under the influence of the elevated temperature.

The main advantage of constant maintenance of the diesel exhaust system is the economic aspect, as well as the ability to operate the engine with consistently optimal performance.If the diesel internal combustion engine is in conditions that lead to increased carbon formation, then preventive cleaning of the particulate filter is much more profitable than driving without maintenance until it is replaced. This is clearly expressed in financial terms. A serviceable diesel engine with a clean filter always delivers full power, has moderate fuel consumption, is easy to start, does not harm the environment, and the reliability and total resource of the internal combustion engine increase.

Additionally, you can extend the "life" of the part by using special additives in diesel fuel. Such additives make it possible to improve a number of parameters during the operation of a diesel engine. A separate group of additives is aimed at making the carbon formation process less intense, and also aimed at reducing the total amount and lowering the temperature during the automatic self-cleaning of the cleaning element.

The additive in diesel helps the diesel fuel to fully burn in the cylinders, which reduces the amount of soot in the engine exhaust gases. During self-cleaning, there is no need to heat the diesel catalyst for a long time, the burnout of the catalyst in this case becomes less intense. If the engine is in good working order, diesel fuel of good quality is poured in, and the additive is regularly used once every 2-3 thousand kilometers, then additional cleaning of the filter may not be required at all.

A common problem has led leading companies to develop ways to clean, prevent and protect diesel particulate filters. There are two main approaches to improve the efficiency of diesel filter element regeneration:

cleaning the diesel particulate filter without removing;
flushing the diesel particulate filter with removal;

You also need to know exactly how to flush the specified element of the exhaust system of a diesel engine, since the use of cleaning agents that are not intended for this can permanently disable the contaminated element.

Let's start with a method that involves removing the particulate filter. This flushing procedure usually takes about 8 hours. After the completion of work on dismantling the filter element and removing it from the machine, the body is completely filled with a special flushing liquid for cleaning. Such DPF washes are widely available commercially. The market leaders are Liqui Moly, Luffe, PRO-TEC products.

Liquids are made from petroleum components, often packaged in 5-liter canisters. The average consumption for high-quality flushing of one particulate filter is at least 4 liters of the composition. Moreover, the canister may have a special neck in advance, since then a hose will need to be connected. There are also options for canisters, complete with a ready-made hose.

The principle of operation of the flushing liquid is based on the fact that the composition effectively dissolves the resins (aged for about 8 hours), on which the formed carbon deposits are held. It is necessary to carefully follow the requirements of the fluid manufacturer, since it is very important to wait for the required time for the full effect of the flushing on the soot.

Further, the released soot is simply washed off with an ordinary jet of clean water under pressure, which is fed to the filter. After that, the filter is dried and replaced. The resin solvent itself is petroleum-based, can be easily washed with water, and does not harm the catalyst structure.The second method is to flush the particulate filter without removing it, which means carrying out work directly on the car. The filter part of a diesel car is equipped with pressure and / or temperature sensors. If the sensor is unscrewed, then it becomes possible to supply the flushing liquid.Since flushing is carried out on a car, manufacturers take into account the possible risk of ignition of the flushing composition. In such conditions, it is no longer possible to use petroleum products. For cleaning, water-alkaline solutions in a pair with a flushing liquid are recommended.This liquid will neutralize the harmful alkali after the solution has completed the cleaning process. The liquid is supplied to the body of the element using a pistol specially designed for this. A straight or curved probe is also used, an additional spray nozzle is provided.A set of liquids, a gun, sprayers and probes allow you to work with almost any model of a diesel vehicle equipped with a particulate filter. Cleaning in this way implies a phased dosing of the cleaner through the sensor opening. Most often, the place of installation of the pressure sensor, which is located in front of the element, is used. The car is warmed up in advance, then the filter is allowed to cool to an approximate mark of about 40 degrees Celsius. This is because an alkaline cleaning agent is most effective at this temperature.Cleaning requires about 1 liter of liquid, which is left in the cell body for 15 minutes. The high pressure spray gun is connected to a straight or curved probe that is inserted into the orifice of the transducer. The cleaner is sprayed intermittently (up to 10 sec. Spray, up to 10 sec. Pause) directly onto the surface of the particulate filter. The spray working pressure should be approx. 8 bar. It is desirable to rotate the probe during the spraying of the composition, as well as move it back and forth to achieve the best quality of application of the cleaning liquid to the matrix of the filter element.Then a rinse aid is sprayed in the same way, which neutralizes and rinses off the cleaner. It will take about 500 ml. cleaning composition. Flushing takes place using the same spray gun; similar time intervals of pauses between the spraying stages are observed. Thanks to this approach, the soot is distributed more evenly over the matrix surface. The result is that the soot can be burned off much more efficiently during the automatic self-cleaning process.At the end, the pressure sensor is put back in place, the diesel engine starts up and warms up. After that, you will need to start the self-cleaning mode in order to burn through the soot particles freed from the bonding resins. This can be done both "naturally" and forcibly. In the first case, it will be necessary to actively operate the diesel engine on the move at medium and high speeds for about 20 minutes, so that the electronic engine control unit independently initiates the start of the particulate filter regeneration process.

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Engine soot occurs as a by-product of fuel combustion. Although its volume depends on the ratio of air to fuel, it is still formed in one or another quantity. A particulate filter helps prevent environmental pollution, which retains about 97% of all particles. It does not let it go outside, and in the future it simply burns it out when the engine is running. This combustion effect is called regeneration.

The particulate filter has a simple device based on a cellular membrane. It is made of silicon carbide and consists of many small channels connected by bridges. The use of a similar design and material provides the filter with the following characteristics:

high temperature threshold;
resistance to temperature surges;
great resource of work;
high strength.

Thanks to this, it is able to perform its task for a long time, intercepting miniature soot particles along the exhaust path.

The principle of operation of such a device is no different from a conventional filter.Soot particles simply remain in the membrane system without leaving the outside. Since all the exhaust gases are passed through this filter, the system is able to block a significant portion of the soot during the exhaust process.

But it is important to remember that the filter is constantly filled with soot particles, which leads to a decrease in the throughput. To eliminate them, regeneration is carried out, which is provided by the very structure of the element.

When the car is running, it is important to maintain the capacity of the filtration system. Therefore, sensors are often built into the system that determine this parameter and, if possible, burn the soot in the element. The problem is that burning is possible only when driving for a long time at high speeds, therefore it does not turn on when driving short and winding distances.

For this reason, driving within the city does not give a chance of regeneration. Burnout occurs to a minimum, keeping most of the blockage in the system.

Therefore, it is important to monitor the condition of the system and monitor for possible symptoms of a clogged particulate filter:

increased fuel consumption;
reduced traction;
consistently high oil level;
irregular system operation;
smoky exhaust;
possible hissing when driving.

And the main feature worth paying attention to is the filter icon on the dashboard. If it caught fire, then it is urgent to go to the diagnosis.

Driving with a clogged filter is contraindicated for any vehicle. With an abundant amount of soot deposits in the system, breakdown of various elements is possible. The oil becomes clogged, resulting in reduced engine efficiency. Over time, the gas recirculation system collapses, and in the future, the engine itself breaks down.

The principle of regeneration is simple: the microparticles that clog the membrane burn out at temperatures exceeding 500 ° C. Therefore, the cleaning process consists in raising the temperature in the system to such a level that the exhaust gases can burn out the contamination. This is only possible when the engine is fully loaded.

There are two types of membranes, differing in position: FAP and DPF. The first type is located away from the engine and the exhaust gases cannot warm up the particles sufficiently. Therefore, a fuel additive is used for this task.

Since the exhaust gases travel a long way from the engine to the cleaning element, they simply cannot burn off the blockage. The temperature is not enough for such a task, therefore it is necessary to increase it. For this, special cerium-containing additives are used. Cerium microgranules allow you to heat gases to the required level, thereby destroying the blockage.

The additive itself is a cerium microgranules in a special substance. This form allows you to maintain its structure before entering the filter. Initially, the gases only evaporate the shell of the granules, releasing cesium. When it hits an already heated membrane, it flares up sharply, raising the temperature of the surrounding gases to 1000 ° C. Such a bar is safe for the system, because heating occurs locally.

The second type of filter is located near the engine, so the required temperature level is reached without additional tools. Exhaust gases almost immediately enter the filter, thereby burning out the blockage and continuing on their way.

It is important to note that in both cases it is recommended to increase the temperature of the exhaust gases by means of the engine control unit. This will increase the cleaning efficiency.

This cleaning procedure takes place only at full speed, so it is important to periodically squeeze the engine out at full power. But it is worth remembering that regeneration does not need to be carried out daily, the frequency depends only on the intensity of soot formation.

If the filter has been used in unfavorable conditions, thereby clogging, then it is prohibited to use it. He will simply destroy the system and the engine, which will result in a major overhaul.Therefore, with a complete blockage, it is necessary to undergo a forced regeneration procedure.

Forced regeneration can be triggered by special equipment, often present in service centers. It allows you to quickly remove the blockage by connecting a cleaning system. However, it is not always possible to turn it on. In cases where the filter is overfilled, it will not work to turn on the cleaning system.

If this happens, then flushing with special means will help here. It often removes most of the soot, after which a regeneration can be connected.

Flushing is carried out in two ways:

without removing the element;
complete flushing with removal.

In the first case, you need to take a spray gun and a flexible tube, as well as a filter cleaner. For such tasks, TUNAP MP 131 fluid is suitable. A pressure source is also required - a compressor. The filter is accessed through a previously removed temperature or pressure sensor. It is necessary to thoroughly clean this element, the approximate consumption for one cleaning is up to a liter of liquid.

Next, you need to remove the liquid with TUNAP MP 132 concentrate. After that, the cleaning procedure is completed, you need to return the sensor to its place and regenerate the filter using standard methods. If the procedure does not help, then it is necessary to carry out a complete flushing with the removal of the element.

The second method is to completely remove the filter and rinse it. First you need to remove the filter from the system and open it. Next, it must be rinsed with special products like DPF Cleaner. They remove soot and oil residues so that they can be easily removed under the pressure of water. These cleansers are rinsed off with water. Cleaning can be supplemented with special cleaning agents like PRO-TEC DPFCatalyst Cleaner. However, it depends on the situation.

After completing the procedure, you need to dry the filter and install it in the car. Next, it is worth checking its condition and starting a regular regeneration. But it should be borne in mind that flushing is not always able to help against blockages. If the available methods did not help, then you will have to purchase a replacement.

It is recommended to replace the filter after passing 180 thousand kilometers. This point can be delayed through cleaning and regeneration, but this element cannot serve forever, and the use of a clogged or bad filter will lead to the ingress of soot into the system, which will necessarily result in high repair costs.

And for a better understanding of the efficiency of flushing particulate filters, it is recommended to watch this video. Here, the plugged filter segment was cleaned with Luffe. The stages of the procedure and the effectiveness of such a flush are clearly shown:

Every diesel vehicle has a particulate filter. Failure to clean it will cause serious damage to the machine.Its clogging leads to the ingress of particles into the environment, so that it is harmful to humans, and on the car this is affected by problems with the signal of the electronics on the dashboard, a decline in traction and dynamic characteristics, interruptions in the functioning of the engine, and an increase in the oil level.That is why the diesel particulate filter is cleaned.Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is a part used in the construction of such engines to clean the exhaust gases from unwanted impurities. Image - DIY diesel particulate filter repair

It reduces emissions into the environment by trapping harmful substances and soot. But since it is the ultimate reservoir for them, it must be periodically cleaned in order to regenerate the DPF.

This process burns off excess soot deposited in the filter, reducing exhaust emissions and helping to prevent black smoke.

If the DPF is clogged with soot or an error occurs in the system, an orange light usually appears on the dashboard.

Short trips at low speeds are the main cause of blocked filters.

This is why automakers often recommend choosing a petrol vehicle over diesel (and this is why diesels are a rarity in the urban auto sector).

The filter is capable of self-cleaning only when driving at high speeds, and if the driver drives only within the city, this becomes impossible. Any workshop technician will tell you that cleaning should be done every 150 km.

Oil can also cause contamination. Some contain additives that can actually block diesel particulate filters.

All of these can lead to damage to the particulate filter, as well as when using low quality fuel and even when driving frequently on low fuel levels, as the car can avoid DPF regeneration to save fuel.

There are several ways to remove soot from DPF. This is passive and active regeneration or the use of special means.

How do I clean the particulate filter? Passive regeneration occurs when the vehicle is traveling at high speed on a motorway. This allows the exhaust temperature to be raised to a higher level and the excess soot in the filter is burned off.

Therefore, it is recommended that you give your diesel vehicle 30-50 minutes of high speed travel on a regular basis.

However, not all drivers do this regularly - which is why manufacturers have developed an alternative form of regeneration.

This method means that additional fuel is injected automatically, as part of the vehicle's ECU, when the filter reaches a predetermined limit (usually around 45%) in order to raise the exhaust temperature and burn off the accumulated soot.

Problems can arise if the journey is too short, as the regeneration process may not be completed completely.

If so, the warning light will continue to indicate that the device is still partially dirty.

You will know if active regeneration is taking place, because this will be manifested by the following signs:

acrid smell of exhaust gases;
increased idle speed;
the cooling fans are not working;
slight increase in fuel consumption.

Cleaning the device is not a problem, the main thing is to know how to do it correctly.

A cleaned filter does not cause the indicated problem. The motor engine runs without interruption, and other problems will not arise either.

What if neither active nor passive regeneration works?

If the warning light continues to flash, the cleaning was unsuccessful. You need to replace the part or remove it for cleaning with professional products.

Do not refill with diesel fuel until flushing cleaning fluid has been used.

How to flush diesel particulate filters?

First you need to dismantle it, and then use special fluids. But thanks to these funds, you can do without removing, because this is the most difficult: PRO-TEC, Luffe, Liqui Moly.

They reduce the formation of soot during fuel combustion. Cleans and regenerates blocked soot filters without dismantling.

A car's fuel system is highly sensitive to contamination. This contamination can increase engine noise, fuel consumption and reduce lubrication and engine power.

Using fuel flushes on a regular basis will help keep the fuel system clean and the engine will run more efficiently, reducing fuel consumption and emissions.

It is better to clean the particulate filters than to start up and then replace them with a new part. They are expensive. Carry out regeneration in accordance with the requirements and this problem will not affect you.

The particulate filter is an essential element of the exhaust system for all diesel cars, neutralizing combustion products and controlling the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

Since 2005, the European car industry has introduced the EURO 4 standard, which modern cars must comply with.That is why almost all diesel cars are now equipped with a particulate filter.

His device is quite simple: a metal cylinder, inside which there is a heat-resistant ceramic filler with cells, where particles settle. If they are completely clogged, then the particulate filter must be removed. Moscow can offer many car services where this service is provided.

But first you need to make sure that the filter really needs to be replaced, because there are two types of auto cleaning.

Particulate filter regeneration

Firstly, when driving on a highway, the so-called "passive regeneration" occurs, when the soot in the filter burns out under the influence of high temperature.

Secondly, in urban conditions, the detector independently determines the degree of filter contamination and begins its regeneration: it burns out the residual mixture in the catalyst. This is why the filter is usually placed behind the catalytic converter.

It is easy to understand that passive regeneration has begun - thick smoke begins to pour out of the exhaust pipe, fuel consumption and the number of idle strokes increase.

But such cleaning is only a temporary solution to the problem; nevertheless, the particulate filter is a consumable that must be replaced in a timely manner. You should not tighten up with replacing a burnt-out filter, because its failure can lead to a breakdown of the catalyst or EGR valve.

Remember that the filter should be changed after about 80-100 thousand km, and some cars start having problems even at 50. Determining that the diesel particulate filter needs to be replaced is quite simple:

Fuel consumption has increased;
Unstable engine operation is detected;
The oil has a high level;
The exhaust is heavily smoky.

If you notice these signs, then it is worth removing the particulate filter, the price for this service may differ for different car services, but only slightly. Complete dismantling may be the best solution in Russia where there is no strict emission control. After removing the filter, it is necessary to reflash the electronic engine control unit.

When choosing this option, remember that a car without a particulate filter will meet the EURO 3 standard, which is not enough for European countries. Those. if you decide to go abroad in your car, and the filter is out of order, you will have to replace it with a new one or clean it mechanically.

Video (click to play).

Replacement is the most expensive DPF repair. This part is quite expensive, cleaning is cheaper (dismantling and flushing from contamination), but this is a temporary measure that allows you to forget about the problem for a short time.