Do-it-yourself repair of old-style sewing machines

Difficult repair of sewing machines associated with the adjustment of components and mechanisms can only be performed by an experienced craftsman. But such repairs are rarely made, only when a part breaks down at the sewing machine and it needs to be replaced with subsequent adjustment.
Most often, the sewing machine begins to “be capricious” if the rules for its operation specified in the instructions are violated or if simple settings and adjustments are not observed.

The main reason leading to the failure of the sewing machine is sewing fabrics that are not intended for this model of the sewing machine. Hemming the double hem of jeans, changing the zipper in a leather jacket or bag, etc. - this is the main reason for the appearance of gaps in the stitch, thread breakage, needle breakage. Sometimes this can even lead to a breakdown of the sewing machine, followed by complex repairs associated with the replacement of parts.

This article provides basic recommendations on how to set up and perform a simple DIY sewing machine repair.

Oddly enough, but it is the needle that is the most important part of the machine. During its “life” it makes thousands of tissue punctures and is not always light and thin, so sooner or later the point of the needle becomes dull, and the needle itself bends. And if at least once the needle “hits” the metal part of the body of the machine, then the tip will bend in the literal and figurative sense of the word.
However, are we paying attention to it? The needle seems to be intact, so everything is fine. But take a magnifying glass and look at its point, its blade will be bent to one side. How will such a point pierce the fabric? The only way is to break through it.

Now let's see how such a needle will form a stitch.
The thread passing in the eye of the needle will cling to the bent point, and “slow down”, forming an excess of the upper thread in the stitch. Here is the first reason for the appearance of loops in the line. Moreover, a bent point will cause the thread to break periodically, especially in difficult areas for sewing, when the upper thread is stretched to the limit.

It turns out that sometimes the entire repair of a sewing machine consists only in replacing the needle.
Treat the needle with great care. Even if it outwardly does not have blade defects and is not bent, try to change them more often anyway.
There is no need to throw away used needles, as there are situations when needles break one after another, for example, when sewing a leather bag. That's when you remember about the jar of old needles.

Another reason for setting up a sewing machine, especially old manual machines such as Singer or Podolsk, is the incorrect installation of the needle in the needle bar. The blade of the needle (Fig. B) should be on the side of the nose of the shuttle. Remove the needle plate and see if this is the case if the machine suddenly began to loop and tear the thread.

It often happens that a seamstress installs a needle from an industrial sewing machine into a household sewing machine. It is impossible to confuse a household needle with an industrial needle. The household needle has a special saw cut on the flask (Fig. B). But, nevertheless, it is precisely the industrial types of needles that are installed. This absolutely should not be done. Firstly, you violate the gap between the shuttle nose and the needle blade, hence the gaps in the stitches, and secondly, you risk damaging the sewing machine shuttle. Some industrial needles are noticeably longer than household needles and can touch the surface of the hook, scratch it, and even damage the hook.

Figure (A) shows a diagram of how to check the curvature of the needle.Outwardly, the needle cannot be determined whether it is curved or not, and if you put it on the glass (2), you can easily check the gap (1). Please note that an uneven, bent needle will cause gaps in the stitching and will break sooner or later.

In order for the sewing machine to work “more confidently” with fabrics that are difficult to sew, such as knitwear, stretch, thin natural and artificial leather, denim, needles are produced that are designed for sewing just such fabrics and materials. They have a special point shape and facilitate the passage of the thread in the fabric, almost eliminating gaps in the stitch and looping of the upper thread.
See Home sewing machine needles.

Thread looping in the line, as well as a characteristic knock during their work, is perhaps the main difference between zigzag sewing machines, such as Chaika, Podolskaya 142 of all models. In short, looping in the line occurs due to uneven thread tension along its path: a broken compensation spring, a rusty sole of the foot, the shuttle stroke is incorrectly set, etc. However, it is impossible to set many parameters on your own without experience. Therefore, if you have a poor-quality stitch, pay attention, first of all, to the condition of the needle, the tension of the lower thread in the bobbin case and whether the upper thread tensioner is working correctly. Very often, children love to disassemble and assemble it, and after such a repair, the machine stops working.

It is sometimes necessary to repair the Chaika sewing machine quite often, and this is not due to the breakdown of parts, the parts are just very strong, but with the misalignment of the interaction of some units of the sewing machine, mainly the shuttle.
Almost all of these tips for repairing a Chaika sewing machine can be used for other models of household machines.

First of all, check the nose of the shuttle with a magnifying glass, it should not have nicks, rusty spots. If there are notches, they must be removed with a fine file and polished to a shine, otherwise the thread will constantly linger behind the traces of the file, and loops will appear from below. Just do it carefully so as not to blunt the tip of the nose of the shuttle.

Sometimes the bobbin (the bottom thread is wound around it) can be the reason for repairing the sewing machine. Yes, it is repair, since an inexperienced “master” often disassembles and assembles all the nodes, when it is enough to simply replace the old metal bobbin with a new plastic one. If the edges of the metal bobbin are notched, and the bobbin case itself is clogged with thread lint, the lower thread will come out in jerks, and the upper thread in the line will periodically loop from below.

Often the reason for contacting a sewing machine repairman is that the upper thread is poorly regulated. You tighten it almost completely, but the tension is still too weak. Look, perhaps, between the tensioner plates, thread linters have accumulated, which prevent the washers from fully compressing. The tensioner fastening (Seagull) may have loosened.

But still, most often for sewing machines such as Chaika, the parameters of the shuttle and the needle fail. This is a complex type of repair of a sewing machine, or rather a setting, but for general acquaintance it is desirable to know the main reason due to which all the “troubles” of sewing machines occur.

The most common cause of sewing machine failure is the top thread. Thread breakage, thread winding in the stitch, uneven stitching, gaps, etc. All this often depends on the upper thread tensioner.
It is the fastening of the tension regulator (Seagull) that most often causes its poor performance. The plastic case is pressed under the pressure of the screw and over time the tensioner begins to stagger, or even “falls out” of the case.

In this photo, the arrows indicate the fastening of the needle bar and tensioner.When sewing rough fabrics, cross seams in leather, and especially when hemming jeans, the needle bar may move up with the needle.
Slightly loosen the screw and adjust its position, make sure that the blade and needle groove are in the correct position in relation to the hook (not turned left or right).
For details on how to disassemble and assemble the sewing machine tensioner, see the article “Chaika Sewing Machine Tensioner Device”.

Adjusting the shuttle mechanism of sewing machines performing the zigzag stitch Chaika, Podolsk, Veritas and others involves setting the position of the looper nose above the eye of the needle by 1.2 (3) mm at the moment the looper nose approaches the needle. This setting is checked when the sewing machine sews not only the straight stitch, but also the left and right needle points (when sewing the zigzag stitch).
The nose of the hook must simultaneously pass almost close to the blade of the needle - this is the second condition that allows you to form a stitch without gaps.

In this photo, the arrow indicates the fastening of the shuttle shaft. Loosen the screw with a 10 socket wrench, and holding the handwheel with your hand, you can turn the shaft (together with the shuttle), adjusting the position of the hook nose in relation to the needle.

However, this is not all the parameters for adjusting the interaction between the shuttle nose and the needle. There is such a parameter as the timeliness of the approach of the shuttle nose to the needle, namely at the moment the needle starts to rise up. The needle descends to the lowest point, and when it rises by 1.8-2.0 mm, it should meet with the nose of the shuttle, the shuttle removes the loop from the needle and wraps around itself.

But that's not all. For sewing machines that perform a zigzag stitch, there is such a thing as a right and left needle prick. With the left and right injection of the needle, the nose of the shuttle should “confidently” remove the loop formed above the eye of the needle. It should extend just above the eye of the needle, but less than the distance of the eye of the needle itself, approximately 1 mm.

However, such adjustments are most often not required, it is enough just to check with a magnifying glass how the hook interacts with the needle and make sure that repairs, setting up the sewing machine are not needed, and look for another reason. For example, change the threads, thread them correctly, change the needle, clean the bobbin from dust and lint, etc.
To make it easier for you to repair the sewing machine, disassemble the shuttle and study its device. Observe how the stitch is formed with the needle plate removed. At the same time, check all the shuttle settings described above. See also How the sewing hook works.

The settings above can be used as a guide if you decide to repair your sewing machine yourself. As a rule, the machine will work fine with such gaps, but if you need to sew knitted fabrics that are too thin (silk) or, on the contrary, thickened fabrics, more precise adjustment of these parameters is required, which only the master can set.

In many cases, sewing machine repairs will not be needed if the sewing machine is kept clean and lubricated periodically. If a seamstress takes care of her machine, then, therefore, she will protect it from overloading during work, not give it into “other people's” hands, which means that the sewing machine will break less often.

After a long period of work, clean the shuttle compartment and other accessible places from dust, lint, and oil stains. Periodically, the shuttle itself, the shuttle mechanism, should be cleaned with a hard hair brush. It is advisable to lubricate the machine at least once every six months, and after lubrication, work on it “idle” a little, especially if the machine has not been used for a long time. During operation, the oil heats up slightly and penetrates better into the nodes and friction points.

It is better to draw machine oil into a medical syringe and bury it in small drops in accessible places where there is friction of metal parts.

The big enemy of all mechanisms is dirt and rust, try to keep the car in a dry, cool place. If the machine will not be used for a long time, keep it away from dust, otherwise the dust oil will harden and the machine will turn hard or even jam. This case is discussed in the article Hand sewing machine Podolsk.

Inexpensive sewing machine: “Pros and cons”
In this article, we will figure out whether such a combination is possible - “an inexpensive and good machine” and how an inexpensive sewing machine worth 3-4 thousand rubles differs from a machine costing 30 thousand.

We sew knitwear without gaps and looping
Many who have tried to sew knitwear on a conventional sewing machine have noticed that the machine often refuses to make a beautiful and even stitch. Gaps form in the knitted line, the lower thread winds, and sometimes breaks. Why is this happening and how can I fix it?

What is the difference between a carpet and an overlock
The carpetlock is a modern and versatile machine capable of overcasting fabrics, performing a cover stitch and even stitching details like a conventional sewing machine. But it is impossible to repair such a sewing machine with your own hands. You must definitely contact a service center.

Decorative stitching on a difficult area
Sometimes you need to make a perfectly even decorative line on a product, but you can’t draw a line with chalk - traces will remain, and there is not enough experience to scribble “by eye”. Simple tips on how to stitch on "difficult" areas.

Which sewing machine to buy
For those who rarely sew simple products or occasionally perform minor repairs to clothes, you can buy an inexpensive economy-class sewing machine. It performs almost all operations, is easy to operate, and most importantly, it will be cheaper for such a machine to build repairs if it is suddenly needed.

Overlock Setting Tips
Overlock is much more complicated than sewing machines. It is almost impossible to repair an overlock without special knowledge and skills. However, repair or adjustment is not always required, sometimes it is enough just to adjust the thread tension and it will again overcast the fabric with high quality.

Sewing a dress with your own hands
How to sew a dress with your own hands. Technology and sequence of sewing dresses for beginners.

How to make a pattern and other tips for beginners
How to make a pattern, what tools are needed for this. These and many other tips for beginners.

Perhaps the most legendary sewing machine in the world is an old Singer antique. Not only did this old machine sheath the whole world for almost a century, but a lot of myths were created for it, such as the fact that the details of some models have an admixture of precious metals, or even the entire Singer machine made of gold. A very beautiful version, and probably this old model of the Singer sewing machine deserved it.
Another myth that Singer sews everything, especially leather, is just a myth, nothing more.
But, our task is not to discuss such “tales”, but to help you repair such an old machine, if you suddenly decide to use it. Although, as a decoration for the interior of a house in a retro style, such a Singer sewing machine is more suitable.

This model old Singer sewing machine, indeed, can be called a real antique. Her sewing shuttle is not round, like conventional sewing machines, but long, like a bullet, into which the same elongated bobbin with thread is inserted. This machine is so morally obsolete that you should not even try to repair it. But we will assume that you have such a need. Then, to give you confidence, let's say that the old Singer model has one unique property that allows it to sew without gaps.The needle, when “meeting” with the nose of the shuttle, creates a loop for capture twice.

Perhaps this technical feature of the machine became the reason for the myth about the perfect sewing of any fabric on the old Singer sewing machine. In fact, any Podolsk manual machine, and even more so modern machines, sew much better and faster. In addition, they have a zigzag line, on the basis of which many additional operations and lines are provided.

The old Singer sewing machine with a swinging shuttle is practically no different in design from the PMZ sewing machine and has the same adjustment parameters, despite its centennial age.

The shuttle is attached to the body of the machine in a slightly different way, and on some models there is a rather original device for winding thread on a bobbin. Otherwise, the sewing machine with a swinging shuttle is absolutely similar to the Podolsk sewing machine. Unless the flywheel of the Singer sewing machine is more massive and larger in diameter.
There are antique Singer sewing machines with a vertical shuttle, but in our country they are very rare.

Such a car can be called antiques only conditionally, many of them are still used without causing any complaints. But minor adjustments and lubrication, nevertheless, will not interfere with any typewriter.

Before proceeding with the repair of the Singer sewing machine, it must be cleaned of lint and dirt. Remove the presser foot, needle plate and front cover. Now look at how the shuttle nose interacts with the needle. But, this should be done only when gaps are formed in the line, and you cannot eliminate them in other ways. In such a case, you may have to lower the needle bar and perform other adjustments. For details, see the article about the industrial sewing machine sewing machine 1022, 22 class. It has a section on adjusting the needle bar.

If the machine sews normally, it is better not to touch this knot at all. Most often, the cause of the “malfunction” is that the needle is not installed correctly. In old Singer machines, the needle, in most cases, is set so that the thread is wound into the eye of the needle on the left. That is, when installing the needle, the saw cut of the flask should be on the right. But sometimes, it depends on the type of fastening of the shuttle, the needle must be placed in reverse. And then the thread starts on the right, and the saw cut of the flask is on the left.
This is how the needle is installed on most sewing foot and hand machines PMZ and other brands of lockstitch machines. But, sometimes there are PMZ models where the thread starts on the left. It depends on the year of manufacture of the machine and the type of fastening of the shuttle.

To figure out how to properly install the needle, lower it down with the needle plate removed. By turning the handwheel, make sure that the nose of the hook fits exactly on the blade of the needle, the recess above the eye of the needle. In this case, the needle is installed correctly.
The thread must always be threaded into the eye of the needle from the side of the long groove.

Incorrect assembly of the upper thread tensioner is one of the causes of poor stitching. For Singer sewing machines, the tensioner is assembled in exactly the same sequence as shown in this photo.

A compensating spring must be installed. Its purpose is to pull the upper thread while the stitch is being formed. Too little or no spring tension can cause the upper thread to “wind” from below.
When lifting the presser foot, the upper thread tension should be completely loosened. A small rod in the form of a “stud” inside the tensioner is responsible for this. He must press the washer (Ш) with the foot fully raised, which blocks the pressure of the spring on the plates (T).

It often becomes necessary to remove the flywheel of a Singer sewing machine. When installing it back, it happens that the friction washer is not inserted correctly.The antennae of the washer should be directed upwards, as in the photo, but they are often placed the other way around.
A correctly placed puck always strives to fly off, and it is difficult to keep it. That's why I want to put it with the antennae down. Not only should the antennae only stand up, they still have only one correct position, otherwise the limit screw will not allow the flywheel to be tightly tightened with the main shaft.

Sometimes it happens that the machine stops turning after lubrication with the wrong oil. In this case, it is possible to turn the machine only after abundant lubrication with oil and kerosene.
After a long “sagging”, you need to rotate the machine by the splines of the shaft, and very carefully, literally by a millimeter. To do this, insert a solid non-metallic object into the grooves of the main shaft, which will serve as a lever. The shaft is made of cast iron and the grooves may break, move it carefully.

Before proceeding with the repair of the manual drive, remove (unscrew) it from the machine bed. To do this, you need a large screwdriver. For some models of Singer sewing machines, the drive is bolted, then you need an 11 wrench.

The manual drive of the Singer sewing machine has two gears. They are screwed to the drive housing with large screw bushings that have a slot in the head for a screwdriver, a powerful screwdriver. Tighten these screws first, they may be loose. Be sure to lubricate them with machine oil first.
You can unscrew them completely, wipe, lubricate and wrap tight again. Or you can not remove it, but simply carefully drip oil into the holes available for this with an oil can.

It is not uncommon for the internal threads for these screws on the drive housing to be “stripped off”, then the screw will spin and not tighten. This is a “sad” case, and you cannot fix such a breakdown yourself. It can be advised to “put” the threaded connection on super glue, but without a guarantee. For more information about the manual drive device, including for the Singer sewing machine, see Sewing manual drive.

Everyone knows how to lubricate sewing machines. Indeed, on the body of the Singer sewing machine there are many holes for lubrication. What many overlook, however, is that the most important lubrication points are at the bottom of the machine, not at the top. Therefore, turn the car on its side and be sure to lubricate with machine oil all the places indicated by the arrows in this photo.

It is better to draw machine oil into a medical syringe and instill small drops into all accessible places where there is friction of metal parts. And, do not forget that you can not use other brands of oil, except for special sewing machine oil.

Sewing machine shuttle Singer
The Singer company has produced many models of sewing machines in its history. The first of them were delighted with a real weaving shuttle. Some of the older models of sewing machines have a modern type of horizontal oscillating hook. But there are also models, almost a century old, with a horizontal shuttle type, which is only now being massively used in modern household sewing machines.

Repair of sewing machines Podolsk, Singer
Repair of Singer sewing machines manufactured a hundred or more years ago is complicated by the complete lack of spare parts. You can only find used parts. But, does it need to be repaired when there are a lot of modern and inexpensive sewing machines in stores?

Singer Sewing Machine Bobbin
The bobbin of a Singer antique sewing machine is not at all like modern bobbins. It is a long narrow spool on which the thread is wound with a special device. It is installed on the body of the machine, and rather does not wind the thread, but lays it, turn by turn.

Foot sewing machine drive
The foot drive is most often found on antique Singer sewing machines.Beautiful openwork patterns and the branded Singer logo cast in iron make it attractive for lovers of retro style. Repairing the foot drive of this machine is similar to repairing the foot drive of any other machine. Some tips on how to repair the drive are available in this article.

Causes of broken sewing machine needle
The reason for the breakage of the needle on an old Singer sewing machine with a “bullet-shaped” hook may be the needle plate, or rather the hole of the needle plate. From prolonged use, the hole is badly broken by a needle and enlarged. There are many notches on the edges that interfere with the free movement of the fabric.

Reasons for skipping stitches on a sewing machine
Passes on any sewing machine have the same “nature”. Also for the old Singer sewing machine, the main causes of gaps are related to the needle and hook. The nose of the shuttle, for one reason or another, does not remove the thread from the needle. Why this happens, read this article.

Sewing machine lubrication
Regular lubrication of the sewing machine is a must. Lubricate the machine at least once a year and only with machine oil. If you decide to repair an old Singer sewing machine, first of all, remove the needle plate and front cover, clean all its parts and lubricate it liberally with machine oil.

Do you have a sewing machine and love to sew? Then this site is for you. Professional masters will tell you how to carry out minor repairs to a sewing, knitting machine. Experienced technologists will share the secrets of tailoring. Review articles will tell you which sewing or knitting machine to buy, an iron mannequin and many other useful tips you will find on our website.
Thank you for viewing the page in its entirety.

Do-it-yourself sewing machine repair - instructions. How to repair an industrial, old (antique)

Clothing is an attribute of the life of every person. It reflects the lifestyle of the individual, his social position and serves as a means of self-expression. In modern society, clothes are made using a special technique that greatly simplifies human labor - sewing machines. The sewing machine cannot always work flawlessly. Like any mechanism, it needs care, tuning, lubrication, and sometimes repair. Repair of the sewing machine with minor malfunctions can be done independently. However, there are such problems in which only a repair shop can bring the sewing machine back to life. Let's try to figure out in which cases it is possible to repair sewing equipment at home, and in which it is necessary to seek help from professionals.

An industrial sewing machine is mainly purchased by firms or people who are professionally engaged in tailoring. A feature of industrial sewing machines is the presence of a table, an electric drive and a lamp. It is better to trust the repair of modern industrial sewing machines to qualified specialists in order to avoid additional problems during self-repair. If the problems are minor or there is no way and means to contact a professional, instructions for repairing an industrial sewing machine will come to the rescue.

Based on the above adjustments, you need to proceed to the next step in setting up the sewing technique, which is to set the gap between the hook nose and the needle point at the time of their meeting in the amount of 0.05-0.1 mm. It should be noted that the needle should pass at a minimum distance from the nose of the shuttle, but not in contact with it.

Another important point of the equipment is the adjustment of the compensation spring tension. It happens that this spring is not in the machine at all, or it is there, but does not work. At the same time, the machine itself can function quite normally, without giving the seamstress a reason to worry.However, it is the correct operation of this spring that allows you to make beautiful lines, especially on delicate fabrics. To adjust this spring, you need to loosen the tensioner mounting screw and completely remove the tensioner. To avoid problems reinstalling the tensioner, draw, photograph, or note how it was assembled. Next, you need to move the spring leash.

The instruction manual for sewing equipment clearly states how to repair and adjust each mechanism. How to repair a sewing machine is also known by professional repairmen who can carry out repairs of any complexity with high quality and in a short time. However, contacting such a specialist can be expensive, so it makes sense to know what problems in sewing equipment can arise and what are the chances of correcting the situation yourself.

A fairly common situation is when problems in working with a sewing machine arise due to improper operation, lack of cleaning and lubrication measures, and a lack of correspondence between the types of needles, threads and fabrics. In this case, it is realistic to repair the sewing machine with your own hands. And the first thing to start with in this case is to study the rules for the operation and repair that are attached to the sewing equipment.

Consider the typical problems of sewing equipment, the main causes of their occurrence, which will help answer the main question: how to repair a sewing machine at home.

Breakage of the upper thread - may occur due to:

- incorrect filling of the upper thread;

- entanglement of the upper thread - appears in the case of using tapered spools when sewing, the threads from which come off jerky and in excess. It is this excess that gets tangled behind the creel, which causes the thread to break. The creel is an additional rack for the bobbins, thanks to which the thread is removed upwards, and not to the side;

- excessive tension of the upper thread;

- blunting or curvature of the needle. An ordinary magnifying glass will help to detect the curvature of the needle point. Also, problems with the needle can be signaled by the appearance of a dull sound when the sewing machine is running. When such a problem arises, it is urgent to replace the damaged needle so as not to spoil either the machine or the fabric;

- inconsistencies of threads, needles and fabrics;

- the presence of notches and burrs in the direction of the thread from the spool to the needle. If there are any, remove them with a small file or other grinding tool;

- loosening the spring of the bobbin case lock. If a similar situation arises, you can try to stretch the spring a little, but it will be more reliable to purchase a new serviceable bobbin case;

Lower thread breakage occurs for the following reasons:

- there was a tangle of the lower thread in the shuttle course;

- the thread is not threaded correctly into the bobbin case. The best solution in this case is to check whether your threading steps correspond to the algorithm for threading the bobbin case described in the instruction manual;

- the lower thread is too tight - can be loosened by adjusting the tension of the upper thread or half a turn of the screw in the bobbin case;

- burrs and other defects on the bobbin case - the bobbin needs to be replaced.

Skipped stitches in a line - appears for the following reasons:

- the use of industrial needles that do not have a cut on the flask for sewing on household sewing machines;

- the angle is set incorrectly or too high. When threading the thread into household sewing machines, remember that the thread is always inserted from the side of the long groove, and the saw blade of the household needle is located on the reverse side. If the corner is fixed too high, then when the needle converges with the nose of the shuttle, the latter will not be able to capture the needle loop;

- dullness, curvature of the needle;

- incomparability of the needle, thread and fabric;

- Accumulation of debris and thickened oil under the needle plate. Cleaning and re-lubricating all parts under the needle plate will solve the problem.

Thread looping, uneven stitching can be observed in the following cases:

- uneven winding of the thread on the spool or bobbin. You should not wind the threads on the bobbin yourself, for this there is a special device that evenly lays the threads, which also guarantees a uniform thread coming off. It is incredibly difficult to achieve this effect manually, and a mistake can lead to the thread being clamped between the turns and the appearance of loops;

- excessively weak / strong tension of the upper thread or excessively strong / weak tension of the lower thread;

- weak / excessive tension of both threads;

- accumulation of pile, dust and debris in the upper thread tensioner - you should disassemble the tensioner and clean everything thoroughly;

- a slot was formed under the leaf spring on the bobbin case. The solution to the problem in this case comes down to buying a new bobbin case.

Violation of the movement of the fabric during the sewing process occurs for several reasons:

- blunt rack teeth;

- Rack teeth are incorrectly positioned.

Factors causing needle breakage:

- there is no correspondence between the needle, thread and fabric;

- the needle is rusted, bent or dull;

- there is a curvature of the needle bar or it is set high / low;

- while sewing, you yourself move the material - you need to adjust the degree of pressing the fabric with the foot, the level of lifting the rack teeth, then the machine will be able to independently move the fabric.

The sewing machine operates slowly and noisily in the following cases:

- lint and dust have collected under the needle plate;

- the machine needs lubrication;

- excessive tension of the drive belt - it is necessary to adjust the belt tension so that when you press your finger, it hardly bends, but sags.

Thus, often the need to repair sewing equipment arises as a result of non-compliance with the rules of operation and insufficient care, and the entire repair of the machine comes down to setting up its mechanisms and replacing a faulty needle or bobbin case.

When buying sewing equipment in stores or from authorized dealers, you get the opportunity to service your machine in the future, and, if necessary, apply for warranty and post-warranty repairs. Additional maintenance of sewing equipment includes:

– training of buyers in the correct use of the machine and all its functionalities, can take place in the form of presentations, master classes, videos;

– training customers in the basics of care, cleaning and lubrication;

– an explanation of typical problems that buyers are able to fix on their own (replace the needle, belt drive, adjust the thread tension, adjust the stitches, clean and lubricate the machine, tighten the screws);

– supplying customers with the necessary set of spare parts and consumables (screwdrivers, oilers, needles, etc.);

– installation of software for electronic sewing equipment;

— provision of related products and sewing accessories.

In case of serious breakdowns, for example, a malfunction of the shuttle socket, problems in electrics and electronics, the client will be forced to resort to the services of a service center, if the equipment is still under warranty, then the problems will be eliminated under the terms of warranty repair. In general, service centers for the repair of sewing equipment perform a variety of repairs: from cleaning and lubrication to replacing electronic circuit boards.

On your own, it’s really possible to change the brushes and the electric drive. The need to replace old brushes with new ones can be determined by turning off the lights in the room and working a little without light. If the engine sparks or makes a crack, then it's time to change the brushes, which can be purchased at service centers or sewing equipment stores.Usually, brushes are easy to get: you need to unscrew the fixing washers with a screwdriver. However, in almost all Soviet machines, the brushes are located inside the motor housing.

Repairing a sewing machine motor most often means replacing it. However, buying a new electric motor can be a serious problem, since modern cars do not have a single standard for mounting an electric drive, which cannot be said about the old Soviet ones. Therefore, it would be more correct to contact the service center of the manufacturer of your particular sewing machine. Firstly, they will select the ideal engine and pulley there, and secondly, set up parliaments for turning on the machine and lighting the workplace.

In order for the electric motor to work for a long time and properly, it is necessary to observe the modes of operation and rest, which are prescribed in the operating rules for household sewing machines. Otherwise, the electric motor will overheat, the wires will melt, become exposed over time, which will eventually lead to a short circuit and a complete failure of the engine. Industrial sewing equipment has a different engine structure and more powerful fans, so it can work for a long time without rest. Another useful tip - do not leave the sewing equipment plugged in for a long time, always unplug it, because although the machine will not work, the electric drive will still be powered.

Mechanics who repair sewing equipment have a decent arsenal of tools and fixtures for repairs. Among them: keys, an awl, wire cutters, staples, platypuses, metal rods, needle files, a caliper, a triangular file, pliers, a hammer, a cleaning brush, as well as an oiler and spare parts for repairing a sewing machine. As you can see, there are many tools, some of them are in every home. The most important and necessary tools that every seamstress or tailor should have are a screwdriver, pliers, something from grinding material, a rosary for cleaning and an oiler. Everything else, if necessary, can be purchased or borrowed.

If, nevertheless, a breakdown occurs and spare parts for the sewing machine are needed, there are repair shops and special sewing equipment stores that offer a wide range of parts: legs, bobbin case, thread take-up, motor, thread tension regulator, gear rack, presser foot lifter, presser foot holder, presser foot screw, stitch length dial, foot control, needle plate, needles and needle bar. In addition, parts can be ordered in online stores.