Do-it-yourself sewing machine repair

Difficult repair of sewing machines associated with the adjustment of components and mechanisms can only be performed by an experienced craftsman. But such repairs are rarely made, only when a part breaks down at the sewing machine and it needs to be replaced with subsequent adjustment.
Most often, the sewing machine begins to “be capricious” if the rules for its operation specified in the instructions are violated or if simple settings and adjustments are not observed.

The main reason leading to the failure of the sewing machine is sewing fabrics that are not intended for this model of the sewing machine. Hemming the double hem of jeans, changing the zipper in a leather jacket or bag, etc. - this is the main reason for the appearance of gaps in the stitch, thread breakage, needle breakage. Sometimes this can even lead to a breakdown of the sewing machine, followed by complex repairs associated with the replacement of parts.

This article provides basic recommendations on how to set up and perform a simple DIY sewing machine repair.

Oddly enough, but it is the needle that is the most important part of the machine. During its “life” it makes thousands of tissue punctures and is not always light and thin, so sooner or later the point of the needle becomes dull, and the needle itself bends. And if at least once the needle “hits” the metal part of the body of the machine, then the tip will bend in the literal and figurative sense of the word.
However, are we paying attention to it? The needle seems to be intact, so everything is fine. But take a magnifying glass and look at its point, its blade will be bent to one side. How will such a point pierce the fabric? The only way is to break through it.

Now let's see how such a needle will form a stitch.
The thread passing in the eye of the needle will cling to the curved point, and “slow down”, forming an excess of the upper thread in the stitch. Here is the first reason for the appearance of loops in the line. Moreover, a bent point will cause the thread to break periodically, especially in difficult areas for sewing, when the upper thread is stretched to the limit.

It turns out that sometimes the whole repair of a sewing machine consists only in replacing the needle.
Treat the needle with great care. Even if it outwardly does not have blade defects and is not bent, try to change them more often anyway.
There is no need to throw away used needles, as there are situations when needles break one after another, for example, when sewing a leather bag. That's when you remember about the jar of old needles.

Another reason for setting up a sewing machine, especially old manual machines such as Singer or Podolsk, is the incorrect installation of the needle in the needle bar. The blade of the needle (Fig. B) should be on the side of the nose of the shuttle. Remove the needle plate and see if this is the case if the machine suddenly began to loop and tear the thread.

It often happens that a seamstress installs a needle from an industrial sewing machine into a household sewing machine. It is impossible to confuse a household needle with an industrial needle. The household needle has a special saw cut on the flask (Fig. B). But, nevertheless, it is precisely the industrial types of needles that are installed. This absolutely should not be done. Firstly, you violate the gap between the shuttle nose and the needle blade, hence the gaps in the stitches, and secondly, you risk damaging the sewing machine shuttle. Some industrial needles are noticeably longer than household needles and can touch the surface of the hook, scratch it, and even damage the hook.

Figure (A) shows a diagram of how to check the curvature of the needle.Externally, the needle cannot be determined whether it is curved or not, and if you put it on the glass (2), you can easily check the gap (1). Please note that an uneven, bent needle will cause gaps in the stitching and will break sooner or later.

In order for the sewing machine to work “more confidently” with fabrics that are difficult to sew, such as knitwear, stretch, thin natural and artificial leather, denim, needles are produced that are designed for sewing just such fabrics and materials. They have a special point shape and facilitate the passage of the thread in the fabric, almost eliminating gaps in the stitch and looping of the upper thread.
See Home sewing machine needles.

Thread looping in the line, as well as a characteristic knock during their work, is perhaps the main difference between zigzag sewing machines, such as Chaika, Podolskaya 142 of all models. In short, looping in the line occurs due to uneven thread tension along its path: a broken compensation spring, a rusty sole of the foot, the shuttle stroke is incorrectly set, etc. However, it is impossible to set many parameters on your own without experience. Therefore, if you have a poor-quality stitch, pay attention, first of all, to the condition of the needle, the tension of the lower thread in the bobbin case and whether the upper thread tensioner is working correctly. Very often, children love to disassemble and assemble it, and after such a repair, the machine stops working.

It is sometimes necessary to repair the Chaika sewing machine quite often, and this is not due to the breakdown of parts, the parts are just very strong, but with the misalignment of the interaction of some units of the sewing machine, mainly the shuttle.
Almost all of these tips for repairing a Chaika sewing machine can be used for other models of household machines.

First of all, check the nose of the shuttle with a magnifying glass, it should not have nicks, rusty spots. If there are notches, they must be removed with a fine file and polished to a shine, otherwise the thread will constantly linger behind the traces of the file, and loops will appear from below. Just do it carefully so as not to blunt the tip of the nose of the shuttle.

Sometimes the bobbin (the lower thread is wound around it) can be the reason for repairing the sewing machine. Yes, it is repair, since an inexperienced “master” often disassembles and assembles all the nodes, when it is enough to simply replace the old metal bobbin with a new plastic one. If the edges of the metal bobbin are notched, and the bobbin case itself is clogged with thread lint, the lower thread will come out in jerks, and the upper thread in the line will periodically loop from below.

Often the reason for contacting a sewing machine repairman is that the upper thread is poorly adjusted. You tighten it almost completely, but the tension is still too weak. Look, it is possible that lint from the thread has accumulated between the tensioner plates, which prevents the washers from fully compressing. The tensioner mount (Seagull) may have loosened.

But still, most often for sewing machines such as Chaika, the parameters of the shuttle and the needle fail. This is a complex type of repair of a sewing machine, or rather a setting, but for general acquaintance it is desirable to know the main reason due to which all the “trouble” of sewing machines occur.

The most common cause of sewing machine failure is the top thread. Thread breakage, thread winding in the stitch, uneven stitching, gaps, etc. All this often depends on the upper thread tensioner.
It is the fastening of the tension regulator (Seagull) that most often causes its poor performance. The plastic case is pressed under the pressure of the screw, and over time, the tensioner begins to stagger, or even “falls out” of the case.

In this photo, the arrows indicate the fastening of the needle bar and tensioner. When sewing rough fabrics, cross seams in leather, and especially when hemming jeans, the needle bar may move up with the needle.
Slightly loosen the screw and adjust its position, make sure that the blade and needle groove are in the correct position in relation to the hook (not turned left or right).
For details on how to disassemble and assemble the sewing machine tensioner, see the article “Chaika Sewing Machine Tensioner Device”.

Adjusting the shuttle mechanism of sewing machines performing the zigzag stitch Chaika, Podolsk, Veritas and others involves setting the position of the looper nose above the eye of the needle by 1.2 (3) mm at the moment the looper nose approaches the needle. This setting is checked when the sewing machine sews not only the straight stitch, but also the left and right needle points (when sewing the zigzag stitch).
The nose of the hook must simultaneously pass almost close to the blade of the needle - this is the second condition that allows you to form a stitch without gaps.

In this photo, the arrow indicates the fastening of the shuttle shaft. Loosen the screw with a 10 socket wrench, and holding the handwheel with your hand, you can turn the shaft (together with the shuttle), adjusting the position of the hook nose in relation to the needle.

However, this is not all the parameters for adjusting the interaction between the shuttle nose and the needle. There is such a parameter as the timeliness of the approach of the shuttle nose to the needle, namely at the moment the needle starts to rise up. The needle descends to the lowest point, and when it rises by 1.8-2.0 mm, it should meet with the nose of the shuttle, the shuttle removes the loop from the needle and wraps around itself.

But that's not all. For sewing machines that perform a zigzag stitch, there is such a thing as a right and left needle prick. With the left and right injection of the needle, the nose of the shuttle should “confidently” remove the loop formed above the eye of the needle. It should extend just above the eye of the needle, but less than the distance of the eye of the needle itself, approximately 1 mm.

However, such adjustments are most often not required, it is enough just to check with a magnifying glass how the hook interacts with the needle and make sure that repairs, setting up the sewing machine are not needed, and look for another reason. For example, change the threads, thread them correctly, change the needle, clean the bobbin from dust and lint, etc.
To make it easier for you to repair the sewing machine, disassemble the shuttle and study its device. Observe how the stitch is formed when the needle plate is removed. At the same time, check all the shuttle settings described above. See also How the sewing hook works.

The settings above can be used as a guide if you decide to repair your sewing machine yourself. As a rule, the machine will work fine with such gaps, but if you need to sew knitted fabrics that are too thin (silk) or, on the contrary, thickened fabrics, more precise adjustment of these parameters is required, which only the master can set.

In many cases, sewing machine repairs will not be needed if the sewing machine is kept clean and lubricated periodically. If a seamstress takes care of her machine, then, therefore, she will protect it from overloading during work, not give it into “other people's” hands, which means that the sewing machine will break down less often.

After a long period of work, clean the shuttle compartment and other accessible places from dust, lint, and oil stains. Periodically, the shuttle itself, the shuttle mechanism, should be cleaned with a hard hair brush. It is advisable to lubricate the machine at least once every six months, and after lubrication, work on it “idle” a little, especially if the machine has not been used for a long time. During operation, the oil heats up slightly and penetrates better into the nodes and friction points.

It is better to draw machine oil into a medical syringe and bury it in small drops in accessible places where there is friction of metal parts.

The big enemy of all mechanisms is dirt and rust, try to keep the car in a dry, cool place.If the machine will not be used for a long time, keep it away from dust, otherwise the dust oil will harden and the machine will turn hard or even jam. This case is discussed in the article Hand sewing machine Podolsk.

Inexpensive sewing machine: “Pros and cons”
In this article, we will figure out whether such a combination is possible - “an inexpensive and good machine” and how an inexpensive sewing machine worth 3-4 thousand rubles differs from a machine costing 30 thousand.

We sew knitwear without gaps and looping
Many who have tried to sew knitwear on a regular sewing machine have noticed that the machine often refuses to make a beautiful and even stitch. Gaps form in the knitted line, the lower thread winds, and sometimes breaks. Why is this happening and how can I fix it?

What is the difference between a carpet and an overlock
The carpetlock is a modern and versatile machine that can overcast fabrics, perform a cover stitch and even stitch details like a conventional sewing machine. But it is impossible to repair such a sewing machine with your own hands. You must definitely contact the service center.

Decorative stitching on a difficult area
Sometimes you need to make a perfectly even decorative line on a product, but you can’t draw a line with chalk - traces will remain, and there is not enough experience to scribble “by eye”. Simple tips on how to stitch on "difficult" areas.

Which sewing machine to buy
For those who rarely sew simple products or occasionally perform minor repairs to clothes, you can buy an inexpensive economy-class sewing machine. It performs almost all operations, is easy to manage, and most importantly, it will be cheaper for such a machine to build repairs if it is suddenly needed.

Tips for setting up an overlock
Overlock is much more complicated than sewing machines. It is almost impossible to repair an overlock without special knowledge and skills. However, repair or adjustment is not always required, sometimes it is enough just to adjust the thread tension and it will again overcast the fabric with high quality.

Sewing a dress with your own hands
How to sew a dress with your own hands. Technology and sequence of sewing dresses for beginners.

How to make a pattern and other tips for beginners
How to make a pattern, what tools are needed for this. These and many other tips for beginners.

The main, typical malfunctions and malfunctions in the operation of sewing machines: poor stitching, thread breakage, needle breakage.
Skipped stitches in the stitching of the sewing machine and overlock appear if a poor-quality, unsuitable thread or needle is used. The size of the gap between the needle and the nose of the hook (the loopers in the overlock) also affects this.
Defects such as “skew stitch”, breakage of the upper and lower threads, as a rule, can be eliminated by adjusting the tension of both threads. But, if, after adjusting the tension, the stitching defects do not disappear, then you will have to adjust the interaction of the shuttle and the needle, the mechanism for advancing the fabric, etc. This is especially true for the Chaika sewing machine. Moreover, if the installation parameters of the “Seagull” shuttle have gone astray, then it is quite difficult to independently perform such an adjustment. But basically eliminate malfunctions and malfunctions of sewing machines You can properly adjust the thread tension, replace the needle, lubricate and clean the machine.

– After disassembly, the upper thread tensioner is not assembled correctly.
– Incorrect threading.
– Poor thread quality.
– The thread number does not match the needle number.
– The bobbin case lock spring has loosened.
Inside the bobbin case you can find a very small screw, and if you unscrew it, the lock mechanism can be removed and a long spring can be found. Try to stretch this spring a little, but it is better to buy a new bobbin case.
- On the way the thread passes to the needle, there are notches, burrs.
Carefully follow the path of the thread and, after detecting notches, remove them with a small needle file. In older machines such as Podolsk, there may be thread cuts on the tensioner rod. Disassemble the tensioner and inspect the rod, if there are such cuts, remove them with sandpaper.

– An unsuitable bobbin for this sewing machine is being used. When buying bobbins in the store, take your “native” bobbin with you. Not all bobbins are interchangeable. See also Sewing Stitch - Thread Break.

- The reason for the breakage of the lower thread may be a low-quality thread, for example, cotton thread of the Soviet era.
– The screw that presses the spring (plate) on the bobbin case protrudes excessively.
The bobbin thread tension is often adjusted, and sharp notches appear on the head of the screw. The lower thread, wrapping around the bobbin case, clings to them and breaks.
– The bobbin thread tension is too tight in the bobbin case.
– Notches on the edges of the bobbin.
The thread gets caught between the bobbin and the walls of the bobbin case and breaks. Change the bobbins as soon as the first nicks and chips appear.
– The edges of the bobbin are bent, there are gouges from the needle and notches.

– The thread is not evenly wound on the spool and bobbin. Do not wind the thread on the bobbin by hand, use a special device for this. Even thread placement on the bobbin ensures the same even thread coming off. A hand-wound thread can be pinched by other turns and pull the upper thread more than it should. As a result, loops appear from below.

– Upper thread tension too loose or bobbin thread tension too tight. Adjust the bobbin thread tension so that holding the thread does not lower the bobbin case. Only with a sharp movement, the thread should slightly come out of the cap.
– Thread cuttings or pieces of thread have fallen between the upper thread tension discs. Over many years of operation of the sewing machine, noils of thread accumulate between the tension washers. Gradually, they turn into seals that prevent the washers from completely clamping the thread.
– The lower thread tension is too loose or the upper thread tension is too tight.
See also Why does a machine with a horizontal shuttle loop.

– Dirt or lint, thread cuttings have got under the leaf spring of the bobbin case.
– A slit has formed under the leaf spring on the bobbin case. This happens after many years of intense operation of the sewing machine. Failures of the bobbin case should not be repaired by yourself, except for cleaning and adjusting the thread tension. The best solution for troubleshooting a bobbin case is to buy a new bobbin case.
– Weak tension on both threads.
- Strong tension on both threads.

- Weak presser foot.
– The sole of the foot is skewed and does not press the entire surface of the fabric.
- The rack teeth are dull.
– The feed dog of the sewing machine is set to the embroidering mode, or the teeth of the feed dog are too low and do not hook the fabric well. The correct position of the teeth when sewing medium thickness fabrics: when the feed dog is raised from the needle plate to the maximum, the teeth should be fully raised, but not higher than the height of the teeth. Too high of their position will form a “fit” of the fabric or tighten it.

– The needle number does not match the thread number or fabric thickness.
- The needle is bent.
– The needle is not fully inserted into the needle bar.
– The needle does not pass through the center of the needle hole in the plate. The needle must pass exactly in the center of the hole in the needle plate. Make sure that the needle does not touch the feed dog while operating the sewing machine. An incorrect needle position may be caused by a bent needle bar.
– The needle bar is set too low or too high.
– Wrong sewing. While sewing, do not pull the material with your hand, find the reason why the machine does not feed the fabric well. Adjust the presser foot pressure on the fabric.

– The needle is too high when meeting with the nose of the hook, and it does not catch the needle loop. Refer to Setting up the hook operation of the Seagull sewing machine.
– The needle is bent or the point of the needle is dull.
A curved needle can be determined in the light by twisting it on a flat and dark plane.
– The needle is not set as far as it will go, or the wrong way round.
– Using a different type of needle for this sewing machine. Often, industrial-style needles are used in household sewing machines. They do not have a saw cut on the flask and are absolutely not intended for such machines.
– The settings for the interaction of the needle and hook have been misadjusted.

Of course, this is not all malfunctions, malfunctions of sewing machines. The above list of faults is designed to eliminate them yourself, without contacting the wizard. Breakdowns associated with the wear of parts and the failure of some components cannot be eliminated by oneself without special knowledge and experience.
For more information on how to find and fix these and other sewing machine problems, read other articles on our site, such as How to find the cause of a sewing machine malfunction.

Sewing manual machine - malfunctions and repairs
If the foot drive, one might say, is a complete antique, then the hand drive can be used, especially for beginners to learn to sew. To learn how to repair this device yourself, read this article.

Repair of sewing machines Podolsk
The main malfunctions and malfunctions of these sewing machines, as a rule, are not related to its adjustment. Sometimes it is enough to set the needle correctly, replace low-quality threads, select the correct tension of the lower and upper threads and the machine will work perfectly again.

Causes of a broken needle on a sewing machine
Breakage of the needle at the sewing machine is a sign that it requires “serious” adjustment, adjustment. But, often, setting up the sewing machine is not required, it is enough to stop pulling the fabric while sewing. The second common cause of needle breakage is sewing thick fabrics that are not intended for sewing on this model of sewing machine.

Reasons for skipping stitches on a sewing machine
Skips occur due to the fact that the nose of the shuttle “meeting” with the needle does not capture the upper thread from it. Either it is located far from the needle (large gap), or the loop of the upper thread is formed too early or late, or too small. That's all the reasons, simple, isn't it? It remains only to find out why this happens and how to fix these malfunctions.

Why is the line looping
The line winds, which means that the upper thread “slows down” during the movement and its excess appears. There are many reasons for this, ranging from the uneven thickness of the thread itself, ending with the shuttle. Start by carefully following the path of the thread. Perhaps she just clings to the small notch of the thread guide.

Foot sewing machine drive
Rarely, but sometimes you can find machines with a foot drive. The best solution is to install an electric drive on the machine instead of repairing the drive. This is done quite simply and anyone who has a screwdriver can install it with their own hands. But, if you need recommendations on how to repair, adjust the foot drive, this article is at your service.

The device and setting up the sewing machine
Malfunctions and malfunctions of the sewing machine it will be easier to eliminate if you understand how the sewing machine works, and what part is used for what. Study carefully the device of your typewriter according to the instructions or with the help of our article.

Sewing machine lubrication
The machine must be lubricated at least once a year. But do not fill it with plenty of oil. Oil tends to dry out over time, and the resulting clots of dried oil can cause some sewing machine malfunctions.

Sewing machine bobbin
The bobbin is the very inconspicuous detail that no one pays attention to. And it is she who is the cause of many malfunctions and malfunctions of the sewing machine. You can disassemble the entire machine without finding the reason for the “winding” of the line. And it is worth replacing the bobbin with a new, smooth and light one, and the line will be even and beautiful.

Sewing machine care
A sewing machine needs lubrication like oil for your machine's engine. But we take care of the car and wash it with shampoo almost every week. Why not then wipe the body of the sewing machine from dust, brush its internal mechanisms with a brush so that they are clean and dry, without traces of oil and lint from the threads.

Do you have a sewing machine and love to sew? Then this site is for you. Professional masters will tell you how to carry out minor repairs to a sewing, knitting machine. Experienced technologists will share the secrets of tailoring. Review articles will tell you which sewing or knitting machine to buy, an iron mannequin and many other useful tips you will find on our website.
Thank you for viewing the page in its entirety.

Many needlewomen still have sewing machines left over from their grandmothers. They sew beautifully and break extremely rarely. But if repair is still required, then how to repair sewing machines with your own hands? How to find out what exactly is out of order?

In case of serious breakdowns, only a professional master can help the car. Although, as practice shows, most often repair as such is not required and you just need to adjust the optimal thread tension, correctly set the needle relative to the shuttle and perform other similar manipulations.

If all these nuances are met, then we will only briefly dwell on such causes of failure as the installation of unsuitable needles, threads or improper technical operation of the machine. Also take into account that the threads are inserted into the needle properly and during the sewing process there is no tension on the fabric by the seamstresses. After that, we highlight the main parameters indicating a breakdown.

Common causes:

1. Unstable stitch (gaps in the line, different lengths, breakage of the upper or lower threads, etc.).
2. Execution of a line with violations (pulling the material into an "accordion", beveling the stitch, excessive tightening or, on the contrary, weakened thread pulling into the stitch, etc.).
3. Violations of the stable running of the machine (noise during operation, “heavy” stroke, needle breakage during operation, sudden jamming, etc.).

Before repairing sewing machines with your own hands, you need to carefully inspect the needle that you are currently using, the shuttle, and adjust the manual settings to avoid trouble. Most likely, your troubleshooting work will end with such actions, because in most cases this is enough to make the machine work.

Most malfunctions can be prevented by cleaning and lubricating the parts of the sewing machine in time. This simple rule will allow you to encounter breakdowns as little as possible.

Gaps in the padding line can be caused by:

• blunt nose of the shuttle;
• weakened fastening of the needle;
• an overly thick needle for the selected fabric;
• incorrectly selected ratio of the size of the thread and the eye of the needle (too thick thread);
• incorrect installation of the needle;
• marriage of the needle (curved point, etc.).

To check whether the point of the used needle is bent or not, inspect it using a magnifying glass. If the tip is bent, replace the needle. Remember that not only the needle itself is important, but also its correct installation. Due to the wrong position, the thread can also break. In most machines, the needle is set in such a way that the sawn-off part of the flask looks away from the seamstress. The groove for the thread looks at it and it is from the side of the groove that the thread will be inserted.

Thread breakage can occur due to excessive tension or due to contact of the thread with a rough surface as it progresses. Inspect the shuttle for irregularities and, if any, lightly rub with a polishing file or the finest sandpaper. Do this carefully so as not to create new scratches.

Many cases of sewing machine malfunctions can be solved by yourself. But if you doubt that you can find the cause or are poorly versed in the internal content of the machine, it is better to take the machine to a repair service.

1. The contraction of the fabric into an "accordion" occurs due to the difference in the operation of the device that moves the fabric and the needles. To check if this is the case, look at the teeth in the process. They should be hidden under the plate almost completely (only 1.5-2 mm is allowed), at the moment when the needle is almost close to the plate. It is unlikely that you will be able to make such repairs on your own, so it is better to trust a professional.
2. Tightening of the stitching can occur when the thread is too tight on top or when the presser foot presses too lightly on the fabric. It is important to adjust the thread tension and pressure. Such a nuisance is also possible due to wear on the smooth surface of the foot or the teeth of the rack.
3. Beveling of the line, its poor-quality performance occurs due to the excessive supply of the upper thread. In this case, you need to adjust the parameters of the shuttle or remove irregularities on the parts through which the upper thread passes.

It is advisable to entrust the repair of the electric drive of the sewing machine to the master. Most often, the engine burns out and can no longer be repaired, so it is easier and easier to replace it.

1. A hard move during work can be associated with:

• with excessive tension on the drive belt;
• with a lack of lubrication of parts;
• getting into the shuttle mechanism of sewing debris.

1. Jamming during operation occurs due to long downtime of the mechanism. If the machine has been idle for a long time, then before starting to sew, lubricate the parts with machine oil and start idling. This will allow the oil to be distributed over the parts and ensure smooth operation in the future.
2. The needle may break during operation with an incorrectly selected thickness for certain types of fabrics, if the wrong needle is selected for this model (rare, but it occurs), it may also not be installed completely or be shifted to any edge of the needle hole. It is possible that the seamstress herself stretches the fabric too much when sewing. Inspect the mechanism and eliminate possible causes.

Use the correct types of oil. Some oils can dry out on parts, forming a sticky, glue-like substance. This does not allow the parts to move easily, making it difficult for the machine to move.

You can get acquainted more clearly with the process of self-repair of a sewing machine with your own hands from the presented plot.

As far as it became clear from the article, the repair of old sewing machines, like new ones, becomes necessary most often due to small and easily fixable problems. All that is required is some skill in setting up the movement of the mechanism, as well as maintaining the cleanliness of the parts. So you can work on the sewing machine for a long time without visiting the repairman.

What are you going to fix in the sewing machine? With regards to products from the time of Stalin, nothing ... It still works. Modern breakdowns are tormented, a lot of settings go astray, requiring correction to get the desired result. We have nothing against progress, but a society preoccupied with consumption is considered by historians as an intermediate stage. Like a tax on bridges erected by medieval feudal lords to pay tribute to pedestrians. It got to insanity: structures were built out of the blue for profit. Poor-quality things are akin to ancient savagery, will become a thing of the past. Repairing sewing machines with your own hands is a pleasure to do! The weak half is strong in needlework when a strong helper is at home.

In 1953, Clifford Simak's short story, The Ring Around the Sun, was published. The meaning of the plot: there are countless myriads of Earths in orbit, located in parallel universes. Events developed against the backdrop of the curious invention of the eternal light bulb. Then came the vechmobiles. Clifford described the fall of the consumer society, the goods were bought once, used for a lifetime, remember Stalin ... There was a revolution, the working people, afraid of losing their jobs, began to smash the modernized factories, the most interesting thing was built by people moving between dimensions. In a circle around the sun.

Until 1829, we will call the inventions of the sewing machine field unsuccessful, although Leonardo da Vinci created the first drawings that future generations would be equal to. In the era of manufactories, the French tailor Timonnier created a wooden model, which they immediately began to copy and multiply. One replaced several apprentices. There were mass demonstrations of artisans who saw a threat to existence (I wonder what the rulers will do, if scientists create a computer that makes decisions, knows how to grimace, they will immediately destroy it?). The matter went far: 200 local tailors destroyed the workshop of new mechanical sewing machines, Timonier had to flee, fearing for the safety of his life. Not the first case: the inventor of the loom suffered a similar fate.

Surviving fruits of the technological revolution

During his life, Timonnier created a billion modifications of the sewing machine. Some technical solutions are still used by household, industrial modifications. Machines made 300 stitches every minute, today's electric models are able to give out three times as much. For 200 years! The frequency of computer processors doubles every two to three years (after 2010, the growth has decreased). Timonier's sewing machine worked with silk and other delicate fabrics.

In parallel, in 1834, Walter Hunt invented a model with a shuttle, reminiscent of modern ones. By 1848, Elios Howe created the first sewing machine containing the features of the current ones. The cloth feeder appears. The sewing machine is equipped with a horizontal curved needle, makes 300 stitches per minute, replaces three tailors. The US workers rebelled and destroyed the workshop. The inventor had to flee, fearing for his life. The last stitch must have been done by Singer. Gave the needle a vertical movement, introducing a modern look of serrated strips pressed by the foot. In 1900, the Podolsk workshop was built, where 5,000 people worked by the October Revolution. Initially, Singer spare parts were brought from the USA, then they began to be manufactured in Russia.

Brother, Janome, Bernina, and other brands of sewing machines appeared. People are afraid of change, but change is inevitable. Revolutionaries slow down progress. Imagine if inventors stopped producing promising technologies. Humanity will continue to develop caves, trees instead of cities with multi-storey buildings.

I immediately remembered modern economical light bulbs. I had a chance to talk with an old sewing machine, it became clear, probably, since the invention, the technology has retained the principle and settings. The quality of the parts was not the same. Although they discovered smooth surfaces (nanotechnology), they created durable alloys. The main shaft with a crankshaft is introduced inside. The moving parts of the sewing machine work from it. Which, will be indicated below, affects the repair of manual sewing machines:

1. The needle is directly connected to the shaft. To ensure translational movement up and down, a crankshaft is carried out inside. The needle has an eye where the thread is threaded. When moving down, the fabric is pierced, the loop is captured by the shuttle moving in a circle, in one direction, in the other. For 1 revolution of the main shaft, it manages to run back and forth.
2. The shuttle is driven by a separate shaft connected to the main shaft by means of a knee. The phase of movement is regulated by a screw. You can rotate the auxiliary shaft relative to the main one. Synchronization of movement is achieved.Let's discuss the repair of the sewing machine shuttle.
3. The third component, which ensures the movement of the fabric along the seam in the right direction, is the toothed strips. Made of steel, they move like human legs when walking. They go down, go forward, go up, go back. There is one cycle per stitch.

It is important to correctly set the vertical position of the toothed bars. When the needle is pierced into the fabric, the upper edges of the teeth will be at the level of the sewing machine table.

Unlike other devices, toothed bars are driven by two shafts. One is responsible for horizontal movement, the other for vertical movement. The adjustment method is the same. A twisted screw on the axis of the corresponding shaft, changing the position of the segment relative to the phase of the main shaft. The correct setting of the toothed bars is achieved.

It is important to ensure that the needle is in the correct position relative to the hook. Remember three landmarks to follow. Please note: for modern models, old ones are arranged differently, and tuning is required once every hundred years (twice since the invention)!

1. In the lower position, the eye of the needle is 4 - 6 mm below the nose of the vertical hook.
2. The nose of the shuttle is compared with the edge of the needle - the distance from the upper edge of the hole-nose is 1 mm.
3. When the upper edge of the eye coincides with the lower edge of the shuttle nose, the latter should extend 1 mm beyond the needle.

Approximate landmarks, you can use, decorate the horizon, the need to repair sewing machines with your own hands.

A wise mother instructs her daughter correctly

Repairing a sewing machine electric drive is not the only thing you can do. The heel pressure is adjustable so that the fabric stops crawling. It is made with a special screw. There is a spring inside, so the setting can be approximate, rarely required. Regarding the said length of stitches. For thin fabrics, more frequent ones are recommended, for thick fabrics - rare ones. In mechanical machines, the reverse is often turned on with the handle, it is inconvenient when you need to sew a patch, it is better to forget about the inscriptions altogether.

It is much more important to correctly set the tension of the lower and upper threads. If done incorrectly, a number of unpleasant effects will occur when using a sewing machine:

1. When the upper thread tension is loosened, there will be loops at the bottom of the seam. Corrected by a special adjustment mechanism until the result is satisfactory. You can loosen the bobbin thread with the bobbin screw. It is important to know: too little tension is not allowed - the seam will not work at all - too strong - the thread may break. The last two cases are malfunctions, take note.
2. Pull the upper thread too tight and the fabric will begin to pull. Seen by jagged, billowing edges. You can let go of the top thread, tighten the bottom thread. Please note: do not be too zealous. The pulled thread breaks, as mentioned above.