Do-it-yourself repair of the washing machine Oka 50 m

Washing machine repair «Oka» may be needed by every owner, since modifications are no longer available, and old copies are subject to wear and tear.

The basis of the washing machine is an activator (centrifuge), which allows you to distribute the detergent throughout the tank and allows the clothes to absorb it as much as possible. The activator is located at the bottom of the tank at an angle. It has a disc with blades, which, when rotated, creates certain vibrations.

The machine works in two modes:

1. Usual. Used when washing thick fabrics. The blade disc rotates counterclockwise.
2. Careful. Used when washing regular fabrics. The disc rotates clockwise.

If your unit is out of order and you need washing machine repair «Oka», call an experienced master. A qualified private trader will be more useful to you than a service center. It is highly likely that for many years of work, the master has come across old washing machines. In addition, you will be able to watch how the specialist fixes problems on the spot, that is, at your home.

Here are the main washing machine breakdown «Oka»:

Such washing machine breakdown «Oka» can talk about both minor faults and serious problems. Therefore, it is not worth delaying the diagnosis.

If users could see washing machine error codes «Oka» (and this machine does not have a display), then, most likely, the washing machine would notify them of such malfunctions:

• Water does not drain from the tank - the drain valve or hose is clogged.
• The clipper cannot run at full capacity - there is a problem with the power supply or the cable.
• The activator disk cannot reach the required number of revolutions - it is possible that a foreign object gets under it.
• There is a water leak - the drain hose may be damaged.

Of course, if there were error codes at washing machine «Oka», then the owners could recognize the problem in advance, contact the master in time and eliminate all breakdowns.

In practice, it turns out that repair is reduced to replacing damaged parts.

The main reasons for the breakdown of the washing machine «Oka», due to which the washer most often breaks down:

• Wear of spare parts due to the age of the device.
• Incorrect handling of the machine, overloading it.
• Any foreign object falling under the rotating disc.
• Broken hose or power wire.
• Short circuit of the electronic part of the machine.

These are the main reasons for the breakdown of the washing machine «Oka»... It is also worth noting that this is not a very powerful machine, and often there is such a problem as too slow rotation of the disk.

The reason - "winding" on the motor shaft of threads, wool, etc. from clothing. To get rid of the problem, you just need to clean the machine.

If you want to know the exact washing machine repair cost «Oka», call the master at home, let him examine her. It is difficult to say in advance how much it will take to invest in a failed device. An experienced specialist will be able to name only an approximate price range without seeing the washing machine.

Of course, you can collect anything, the main thing is that there is benefit from it.
Someone might want to assemble something from the engine, adapt it, but do not know how to start, connect it.

To begin with, we will find paired outputs, there should be two pairs, how to do this. Now for these purposes there are many devices, testers, ohmmeters, etc. We take any output of the winding and connect any of the two probes of the device to it, and with the second probe we look for a pair for it.

If the device showed you some value, for example, a resistance of 11 Ohm, then this is the second winding conclusion, we write down the readings of the device, mark the pair.

Therefore, the remaining two pins will be the second pair, but we need to determine which of them is the starting and working winding, we make a measurement, the device showed 30 ohms.
Now it is clear where the starting and working windings are, the resistance of the starting winding should be greater than that of the working winding.

The figure shows:
OV - working, excitation winding, the main rotating magnetic field.

ON - the starting winding is necessary to create an initial torque in a certain direction.
SB - a button for short-term switching on of the starting winding to the 220V network.

In order to change the direction of rotation of the motor shaft, it is enough to change the terminals of the starting winding in places and the direction at start will change.

When experimenting with the engine, do not forget to secure it so that it does not gallop away during start-up and does not collect all the wires in a heap.

The time relay sets the time mode with a delay to turn off the electric motor.The current relay is used to start the engine, to briefly turn on the starting winding to the 220V network.

The relay is made in a plastic case, there are three contact pins X1, X2, X3. The cover shows the correct installation of the relay, a large arrow labeled “up”, the relay must be positioned so that the arrow always points up.

Why this is necessary, you will understand if you argue the device and the principle of operation of the relay.

Relay connection:
We supply a voltage of 220V to the output "X3" of the current relay, phase or zero without a difference, and the second 220V mains wire is directly connected to the working winding of the motor.

Conclusion "X1" - "ОВ" is connected to the second free output, the working winding. Conclusion "X2" - "PO" is connected to the output of the starting winding.

When starting the engine, the starting current is greater than the operating current. When the starting current passes through the coil - [2] of the current relay, a magnetic field is induced in the coil, which draws in [1] - the movable steel core, it rises and raises the movable contact - [3].

The electrical circuit is closed, which connects the starting winding of the electric motor. The engine starts and develops at rated speed.

As the motor entered the operating mode, the current in the relay decreased, the magnetic field in the relay coil, which held the steel core - [1] in the upper position, weakened. The core, under its own weight, falls to the bottom and pulls along [3] - contact, starting winding - ON disconnected from the 220V network.

Nichrome coils - [4] perform thermal protection of the motor. In case of overload, jamming or interturn closure of the motor windings, the nichrome heats up and heats up with its heat [5] - the bimetallic plate, it deforms when heated, bends and opens the contact - [6], disconnects the motor from the 220V network during the cooling of the bimetallic plate.

After the plate has cooled down, the contact will close again and the relay will try to turn on the engine again.

The figure shows an example, a diagram of starting the engine from a washing machine using a capacitor.

Conclusion, for complete confidence that everything was done correctly, we carefully check the installation of the assembled circuit and test it, turn on the engine for 1 min. disconnect from the network and check the heating of the engine.

Why, in a minute, in order to determine exactly where it starts, the engine heats up in bearings or in a stator. If you wait longer, then the heat will be distributed over the body and the overheating center will not be clear.

If everything is normal, turn on the engine and check the heating of the case every 5 minutes. 15 minutes for testing will be enough, the back of the hand should endure, if not, then the temperature is about 50 ° C and higher.

If the engine is warming up, possible causes:
The bearings are worn, which has led to a decrease in the gap between the stator and the rotor, the rotor touches the stator.

The bearings are clogged with dirt or jammed in the bearing caps, which leads to seizure, heavy shaft movement.

Large capacity of the capacitor, it is necessary to reduce the capacity of the capacitor or start the engine without the capacitor by unscrewing the shaft by hand. If the engine stops and heats up, it means that the reason was the excess capacity of the capacitor.

If the above reasons were excluded, then there is an interturn short circuit in the motor windings.

Review of the Bosch WLN 24242 OE washing machine

Bosch washing machines with maximum load

Washer-dryers Bosch

Bosch slim top-loading washing machines

Bosch narrow front-loading washing machines

Review of the Bosch WAS 24443OE washing machine

Review of the Bosch WLG20260OE washing machine

Washing machines "Oka": greetings from the past

In Soviet times, the domestic housewife did not have much choice: either you buy a washing machine made in the USSR and put up with all its shortcomings, or you continue to wash it with your hands. The first washing machines in our country began to be produced in the mid-1950s, and they were often produced at the enterprises of the military-industrial complex. These were heavy, noisy units, the attractive design of which no one cared about - since the buyers still had no choice. So it is not surprising that when the “iron curtain” finally rusted and crumbled into dust, and products from foreign enterprises poured onto the shelves of Russian stores, domestic washing machines were not in demand.

But a number of brands managed to survive. In particular, this applies to washing machines "Oka", the production of which is carried out at the plant. Ya.M. Sverdlov. By the way, this enterprise is still directly related to the military-industrial complex. The Nizhny Novgorod Explosives Plant, created back in 1916, supplied the Red Army with ammunition and explosives during the Civil War, and played a significant role during the Great Patriotic War. But in the 1950s, it was decided to turn the economy a little towards people and at least try to saturate the market with household appliances. It was then, in 1956, that the Oka washing machines were born.

Exhibition stand of the plant. Sverdlov: washing machines - and not only

Nowadays, the plant them. Ya. M. Sverdlova continues to produce explosives and ammunition, but their share in the total volume of production is about 20%. The assortment of the plant includes household chemicals, water heaters, consumer goods. Well, and washing machines, of course.

At the first glance at the Oka washing machine, one gets the impression that the “iron curtain” is still in place, and the Soviet Union did not even think to disintegrate. The bodies of most models are cylindrical in shape. This is due to the fact that in small-sized washing machines, the body, in fact, is the tank, and this is done, in particular, in order to save money. But this does not look very attractive and not quite convenient from the point of view of rational use of space.

This is how the "Oka" might look like after several years of use.

While the blue and white coloring of most models looks more or less normal, then the blue color used for painting the hulls of some Oka units evokes associations with a hospital.

In general, they obviously economized on appearance as much as they could.

Design features

Units "Oka" belong to the washing machines of the activator type. This means that they do not have the usual drum. The body simultaneously serves as a tank, that is, washing takes place directly in it. In the lower part, a plastic circle or shaft with protrusions is installed, which is precisely what is called an activator. The electric motor is also installed close to the bottom. When the machine is turned on, the wheel or shaft rotates, stirring the laundry.

Although most modern washing machines are equipped with a drum, activator-type devices have their supporters. The main advantage of this type of washing machine is that its design is very simple. This means that they rarely fail (fewer parts - less chance of breakage), and they are also cheaper. In fact, it is for these reasons that Oka machines continue to enjoy comparative popularity. On the forums on the Internet, you can read a lot of negative reviews that the assembly of Oka units leaves much to be desired, but nevertheless, even in this state, they can work for a very long time, so that their service life will significantly exceed the time.specified in the warranty card. In principle, in our country it is quite realistic even now to find the "Oka", released in Soviet times and still working.

Some cars are equipped with a device that someone clearly seems archaic. These are rollers for wringing out the laundry, fixed in such a way that the water flows back into the tub of the washing machine.

Main characteristics

Since washing machines "Oka" belong to the activator type, then, as mentioned above, their tank and body are practically the same thing. The lower part of the body is usually made of steel, and for the upper part, the tank-body, in which the washing takes place directly, stainless steel or aluminum alloy is used. The steel case will be heavier, but stronger, the aluminum - lighter, but more susceptible to mechanical damage. The covers are made of plastic or aluminum.

This is what the Oka washing machines look like when they come off the assembly line.

Loading, respectively, is vertical. The volume of the tank, depending on the specific model, ranges from 32 to 40 liters. One of the characteristic features of the Oka washing machines is their compactness, but one has to pay for the reduction in size by the fact that not so much laundry can be washed at a time. One of the largest models, Oka-14, measures 493x481x768 mm. At the same time, no more than 3 kg of things will fit in it. The loading of most models is even less - 2-2.5 kg.

The control of Oka washing machines is mechanical, with the help of classic rotary switches. Basically, it all comes down to turning on the machine and then waiting for it to finish washing. The manufacturer does not recommend performing several wash cycles in a row, as this is fraught with rapid wear. Most often, the plastic activator circle fails first, because of the intense load it simply breaks. Then the electric motor may not be able to withstand. So, after washing the laundry, it is better to take a break until the next load - at least half an hour or an hour.

Assembly of washing machines at the plant. Sverdlov

Oka machines can wash cotton, woolen, synthetic, knitted fabrics.

Small-sized washing machines "Oka"

The Oka lineup includes several small-sized machines. "Oka", as already mentioned, is already considered a compact washing machine, and small-sized models can be called super-compact. These are peculiar heirs to the famous Soviet "Baby", which women living in small apartments dreamed of. For example, "Oka-60M" has dimensions of 350x370x455 mm, so that it can be removed, for example, in a closet or closet, and when the need arises, it can be removed. In principle, such small-sized devices could be used as built-in appliances, but one "but" arises: these models have vertical loading. If some owner of golden hands can solve this problem, then the small-sized "Oka" can be safely built in somewhere.

Small-sized "Oka-50" and "Oka-60"

Tanks-bodies of the models "Oka-50" and "Oka-60", belonging to the category of small-sized, are made of plastic. This makes them extremely light (especially the Oku-60, which weighs only slightly more than 5 kg), but with a strong impact, the tank can crack. The manufacturer claims, however, that high-strength plastic is used for the manufacture of cases, which cannot be taken with every blow.

"Oka-60" is designed for loading 1 kg of linen, but in "Oku-50" you can load 2.5 kg at once. But do not forget that these models are not designed for heavy use. If there is a need to wash several batches of laundry, you will have to take breaks between washes, otherwise you can be left without a typewriter.

Another problem is the rather low power. For example, it will hardly be possible to wash a set of bed linen in a small-sized "Oka": the engine is simply not able to turn the sheet and duvet cover.So it is optimal to use these models for washing clothes of newborns, small children, underwear, etc.

In many respects, the Oka washing machine looks like a kind of hello from the past. It is not equipped with many pleasant and useful functions that would make it easier to use and improve the quality of washing your laundry. There is no question of any programs for washing, control is reduced to a simple "on - off". Outwardly, "Oka" also looks, if not an outright anachronism, then something approaching it. It is characterized by a rather high consumption of water and detergents, which is associated with the specifics of activator-type washing machines - during operation, there must always be a liquid medium inside. Its design does not include a pump, so the hostess has to pour water into the tank using a hose. When the machine is turned on, it hums very loudly. Protection against water leaks is not provided in its design.

In view of the above, a reasonable question arises: why do buyers buy Oka at all? And in the regularly held competition "One hundred best goods of Russia" some models of this brand used to take prizes - but for what? After all, at first glance, these are household appliances, entirely consisting of shortcomings.

Obviously, the matter is in the low price and compactness, as well as efficiency and simplicity. With an average price for most models, fluctuating between two and four thousand rubles, "Oka" can be bought even cheaper, somewhere for 1200-1500 rubles. Due to its small size, it can be used in small apartments. It does not require a connection to the central water supply, which means that such a washing machine can be safely used in a village or at a summer cottage.

"Oka" is well suited for operation in a village or in a suburban area

Again, "Oka" is quite suitable for elderly people who do not pursue the highest quality of washing and at the same time are not always able to cope with the complex control system of a modern washing machine. Here everything is simple: put the laundry, poured water, added washing powder, closed the lid, flicked the toggle switch - and then you just have to wait until the wash is over.

Another advantage of Oka is a wide network of service centers. It is possible to repair a washing machine of this brand in almost any region of Russia, and abroad, in countries such as Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan, there are many certified workshops.

So washing machines "Oka" can really be perceived as "greetings from the past." But as long as the echoes of this past continue to exist, the existence of this brand's washing machines is quite justified.

If you ask this question to users of semi-automatic washing machines, they will answer that an activator is a rotating disc on the bottom or wall of the machine's tub that mixes the laundry during washing. We will only add that the blades are located on the outer side of the disc, which is made of plastic. In shape and size, such activators can be different, but their main purpose is the same - to set in motion the contents of the tank.

A modern washing machine also has an activator. A bit strange, but true. In fact, this is a drum rib, as a rule, it is a plastic element that looks like a barrier. It is attached to the inside of the drum, the task of the rib punch is to break and shake the lumps of laundry and thus improve the quality of the wash.

Note! Such an activator also has another function, it plays the role of a drum stiffening rib, protecting this part from damage and strengthening it.

Small washing machines, designed for washing 1-1.5 kg of linen, were in almost every Soviet family. Today they are used by summer residents. Repair of such a machine by a master in most cases is not reasonable, since it can cost half the cost of a new such machine. Therefore, users very often try to fix equipment with their own hands. And I must say that most people do it very well.

Small-sized machines are divided into two types. In some, the activator is located vertically. These machines include "Samara", "Desna". The second type of machines has a horizontally located activator, for example, "Malyutka-425M", "Feya-2" or "Mini-Vyatka". In semi-automatic machines with wringing, the activator is also located horizontally. When parsing such a machine, it also has its own characteristics. Let's consider in turn how to remove and replace the activator in different models of cars.

Cars of this type include "Baby", "Samara", "Otrada". The insides of such machines consist of the main elements: a tank, a cover, a body, an electric motor, a thermal relay, capacitors, and an activator. There is no drum in the activator machine, the function of the drum will be replaced by the activator, which rotates the water in the tank.

To remove the activator, you need to disassemble the machine itself and prepare the key that you need to unscrew the activator. Let's consider making such a key from a cut of a water pipe with our own hands using the example of the "Baby" typewriter. The pipe should be 150 mm longer than the diameter of the activator body. With a 6 mm drill, 2 holes are made in the pipe, the distance between them is 9.5 cm, and the holes will be located symmetrically relative to the center. Then they take two bolts and insert them into the holes, the ends of the bolts should stick out by 10-15 mm. Finally, fasten the bolts with nuts.

Now we will describe how to unscrew the activator:

1. We take out the cork in the side of the machine.
2. We turn the activator by hand so that the hole in the housing clearly coincides with the hole in the impeller.
3. We take a screwdriver and insert it into the motor rotor, thereby jamming it.
4. We insert the homemade key into the activator body and unscrew it.

Important! The activator on different machines is unscrewed both clockwise and counterclockwise.

1. After removing the activator, take a similar one and assemble the machine in the reverse order.

SM-1.5 machines include "Fairy", "Ivushka", "Mini-Vyatka". Their peculiarity lies in the fact that the rotation of the activator is carried out thanks to the belt transmission. It is not difficult to remove the activator in such machines. Let's list the procedure for the example of the Mini-Vyatka machine:

1. After disconnecting the washing machine from the mains, remove the pallet (marked with 1 in the figure).
2. Loosen the bolts holding the engine.
3. Remove the drive belt (34) from the pulley (32).
4. Next, you need to unscrew the nut holding the pulley (21).
5. Now, after knocking out the stopper (20), remove the activator (25).

When installing a new activator, one should not forget that the distance between the tank and the activator should not exceed 2 mm, the axial displacement should not exceed 0.5 mm. To adjust the installation of the activator, lay a washer.

Washing machines of this type differ from the previous ones in large sizes and the ability to wash up to 2.5 kg of laundry. The body of a rectangular typewriter is made of metal coated with paint. The activator is usually placed on the side. To remove and replace it, you need to perform the following sequence of actions:

1. Unscrew the rear housing cover and remove it.
2. Remove the belt from the pulley.
3. Remove the bolt holding the pulley to the activator shaft.
4. Hold the activator with one hand and remove the pulley.
5. Press the shaft together with the activator disc into the washing machine tank.
6. Get the activator.
7. Assemble the machine in reverse order using a new activator.

• Dismantling the drum is not required in this case. To remove the activator, you will have to remove the drum rim, otherwise it will interfere. We move the plastic clips to the sides and remove the rim.
• Now you need to unscrew the nut holding the activator. It's right at the bottom of the drum, so you need a socket wrench.
• Having unscrewed the nut, we pry the activator with a screwdriver, and then we take it out together with the nut and washer.
• We acquire a new original activator, put it in place of the old one, and then fasten it with a nut.

Note! While unscrewing the nut holding the activator, ask someone to hold the drum so that it does not rotate. Of course, it is possible to jam the drum with a wooden block, but in this case there is a risk of harming the rotation mechanism.

Replacing the fin is not difficult, almost anyone can cope with this task. What do we have to do?

1. We take a hard wire (or spring).
2. We bend its tip with a crochet.
3. We insert the wire into the hole of the rib punch, press on it and push it towards ourselves.
4. The rib punch should slide off the retainer and slide off.
5. The new drum finisher is put on by hand. We feed the part slightly upwards, and then we put the mating part on the hooks.
6. Now the hooks need to be tucked in, for this we take the awl, thread it through the holes in the rib punch and tighten the fixing hooks.

Summing up, we note that you can replace the washing machine activator with your own hands, without the involvement of a specialist. The main thing is to buy an original spare part and take into account all the advice of specialists. Of course, if you are not friends with the technique and doubt your abilities, invite a master, and he will do everything in a few minutes.

Video (click to play).