In detail: do-it-yourself repair of a 220V LED lamp from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.
With a variety of lighting devices on the counters of the country, LEDs remain out of competition due to their efficiency and durability. However, a high-quality product is not always purchased, because in a store you cannot disassemble the goods for inspection. And in this case, it is not a fact that everyone will determine from what parts it is assembled. Lamps burn out, and it becomes expensive to buy new ones. The solution is to repair LED lamps with your own hands. This work is within the power of even a novice home craftsman, and the details are inexpensive. Today we will figure out how to check the lighting device, in what cases the product is repaired and how to do it.
LED lighting products have become part of our lives
It is known that LEDs cannot work directly from a 220 V network. To do this, they need additional equipment, which, most often, fails. We will talk about him today. Consider the circuit of an LED driver, without which the operation of the lighting device is impossible. Along the way, we will conduct an educational program for those who do not understand anything in electronics.
The 220V LED lamp driver circuit consists of:
- diode bridge;
- resistances;
- resistors.
The diode bridge serves to rectify the current (converting it from alternating to direct current). On the graph, this looks like a cut-off of a half-wave of a sine wave. Resistances limit current, and capacitors store energy by increasing the frequency. Consider the principle of operation on the circuit of a 220 V LED lamp.
Having understood the principle of operation and the driver circuit, the decision on how to fix a 220V LED lamp will no longer seem difficult. If we talk about high-quality lighting devices, then you should not expect trouble from them. They work for the entire prescribed period and do not fade, although there are "diseases" to which they are also susceptible. Let's talk about how to deal with them.
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To make it easier to understand the reasons, we summarize all the data in one common table.
Good to know! Repair of LED fixtures is impossible to carry out indefinitely. It is much easier to eliminate negative factors affecting durability and not to purchase cheap products. Savings today will cost you tomorrow. As economist Adam Smith said, "I'm not rich enough to buy cheap things."
Before you repair an LED lamp with your own hands, pay attention to some details that require less labor. Checking the cartridge and the voltage in it is the first thing to do.
Important! Repair of LED lamps requires a multimeter - without it, it will not be possible to ring the driver elements. A soldering station is also required.
A soldering station is required for the repair of LED chandeliers and lighting fixtures. After all, overheating of their elements leads to failure. The heating temperature during soldering should be no higher than 2600, while the soldering iron heats up more. But there is a way out. We use a piece of copper core with a cross section of 4 mm, which is wound around the tip of the soldering iron with a tight spiral. The more you lengthen the sting, the lower its temperature. Convenient if the multimeter has a thermometer function. In this case, it can be adjusted more precisely.
But before you repair LED spotlights, chandeliers or lamps, you need to determine the cause of the failure.
One of the problems that a novice home craftsman faces is how to disassemble an LED light bulb. To do this, you need an awl, solvent and a syringe with a needle. The diffuser of the LED lamp is glued to the body with a sealant that must be removed.Passing carefully along the edge of the diffuser with an awl, inject the solvent with a syringe. After 2 ÷ 3 minutes, lightly twisting, the diffuser is removed.
Checking the disassembled LED bulb. You shouldn't do this - it's dangerous.
Some lighting fixtures are made without gluing with a sealant. In this case, it is enough to turn the diffuser and remove it from the housing.
Having disassembled the lighting fixture, pay attention to the LED elements. Burned is often identified visually: there are burn marks or black dots on it. Then we change the faulty part and check the functionality. We will describe the replacement in detail in the step-by-step instructions.
If the LED elements are in order, go to the driver. To check the performance of its parts, you need to solder them from the printed circuit board. The value of the resistors (resistances) is indicated on the board, and the parameters of the capacitor are indicated on the case. When dialing with a multimeter in the appropriate modes, there should be no deviations. However, often failed capacitors are determined visually - they swell or burst. The solution is to replace it with a suitable one in terms of technical parameters.
The LED can be ringed with a multimeter without unsoldering from the printed circuit board
Replacing capacitors and resistances, unlike LEDs, is often performed with a conventional soldering iron. In this case, you should be careful not to overheat the nearest contacts and elements.
If you have a soldering station or a hair dryer, this job is simple. It is more difficult to work with a soldering iron, but it is also possible.
Good to know! If there are no working LED elements at hand, you can install a jumper instead of the burnt one. Such a lamp will not work for a long time, but it will be possible to win some time. However, such repairs are made only if the number of elements is more than six. Otherwise, the day is the maximum work of the repair product.
Modern lamps run on SMD LED elements that can be soldered out of an LED strip. But it is worth choosing those that are suitable for technical characteristics. If there are none, it is better to change everything.
Related article:
For the correct choice of LED devices, you need to know not only the general LED characteristics... Information about modern models, electrical circuits of working devices will come in handy. In this article, you will find answers to these and other practical questions.
If the driver consists of smaller SMD components, use a copper wire soldering iron on the tip. A visual inspection revealed a burnt element - we solder it and select the one that matches the marking. No visible damage is more difficult. We'll have to solder all the details and ring them separately. Having found the burnt one, we change it to a workable one and mount the elements in place. It is convenient to use tweezers for this.
Useful advice! Do not remove all elements from the PCB at the same time. They are similar in appearance, you can later confuse the location. It is better to solder the elements one at a time and, after checking, mount them in place.
Repairing an LED tube in the form of a fluorescent lamp is no different from working with a simple
When installing lighting in rooms with high humidity (bathroom or kitchen), stabilizing power supplies are used, which lower the voltage to a safe one (12 or 24 volts). The stabilizer can fail for several reasons. The main ones are excessive load (power consumption of the luminaires) or the wrong choice of the degree of protection of the unit. Such devices are repaired in specialized services. At home, this is unrealistic without the availability of equipment and knowledge in the field of radio electronics. In this case, the power supply unit will have to be replaced.
The power supply for the LEDs looks like this
Very important! All work on replacing the stabilizing LED power supply is carried out with the voltage removed. Do not rely on the switch - it may be incorrectly wired.The voltage is disconnected in the distribution board of the apartment. Remember that touching live parts with your hand is life-threatening.
You need to pay attention to the technical characteristics of the device - the power must exceed the parameters of the lamps that are powered from it. Having disconnected the failed unit, we connect a new one according to the diagram. It can be found in the technical documentation of the device. This is not difficult - all wires are color-coded, and the contacts are letter designation.
Plays the role and degree of protection of the device (IP). For a bathroom, the device must be marked at least IP45.
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In order for the lighting to be stable, and the installed products to serve as long as possible, you should choose the right 12V power supply for LED strip... In this publication, we will consider the types of devices, how to calculate them correctly, how to do it yourself, how to connect, popular models.
If the reason for the flickering of the LED lamp is the failure of the capacitor (it needs to be replaced), then periodic blinking when the light is off is easier to solve. The reason for this "behavior" of the luminaire is the backlight-indicator on the switch key.
The capacitor located in the driver circuit accumulates voltage, and when the limit is reached, it gives out a discharge. The key backlight transmits a small amount of electricity, which does not in any way affect incandescent bulbs or "halogens", but this voltage is enough for the capacitor to start accumulating it. At a certain moment, it gives out a discharge to the LEDs, after which it switches back to accumulation. There are two ways to solve this problem:
- We take out the key from the switch and turn off the backlight. The method is simple, but indications that add value to the switch are no longer useful.
- We disassemble the chandelier and change the phase wire with zero places on each cartridge. The method is more complicated, but it retains the functionality of the switch. In the dark, you can see it well, and this is a plus.
Not only LED lamps, but also CFLs are susceptible to flashing. The device of their PRU (starting-regulating device) works on a similar principle, which allows the capacitor to store energy.
Consider an example of a simple LED lamp repair:
Despite the high cost, the power consumption of semiconductor lamps (LEDs) is much lower than that of incandescent lamps, and the service life is 5 times longer. The LED lamp circuit operates at 220 volts when the input signal causing the light to glow is converted to the operating value by the driver.
LED lamps for 220 V
Whatever the supply voltage, one LED is supplied with a constant voltage of 1.8-4 V.
An LED is a semiconductor crystal made up of multiple layers that converts electricity into visible light. When its composition changes, radiation of a certain color is obtained. The LED is made on the basis of a chip - a crystal with a platform for connecting power conductors.
To reproduce white light, the "blue" chip is coated with a yellow phosphor. When the crystal is emitted, the phosphor emits its own. Mixing yellow and blue light produces white.
Different ways of assembling chips allow you to create 4 main types of LEDs:
- DIP - consists of a crystal with a lens located on top and two conductors connected. It is the most common and used for backlighting, lighting decorations and displays.
- "Piranha" - a similar design, but with four leads, which makes it more reliable for installation and improves heat dissipation. Mostly used in the automotive industry.
- SMD LED - located on the surface, due to which it is possible to reduce the size, improve heat dissipation and provide a variety of design options. Used in any light source.
- COB technology, where the chip is soldered to the board. Due to this, the contact is better protected from oxidation and overheating, and the glow intensity is also significantly increased. If the LED burns out, it must be completely changed, since DIY repair with the replacement of individual chips is not possible.
The disadvantage of an LED is its small size. To create a large colorful light image, many sources are required, combined in groups. In addition, the crystal ages over time, and the brightness of the lamps gradually decreases. For high-quality models, the wear process is very slow.
The lamp includes:
- frame;
- base;
- diffuser;
- radiator;
- block of LEDs;
- transformerless driver.
LED lamp device for 220 volts
The figure shows a modern LED lamp using COB technology. The LED is made as a whole, with many crystals. It does not require multiple pin wiring. It is enough to attach just one pair. When a lamp is repaired with a burned-out LED, it is changed entirely.
Lamps are round, cylindrical and others in shape. The connection to the power supply is made through threaded or pin plinths.
Luminaires with a color temperature of 2700K, 3500K and 5000K are selected for general lighting. Spectrum gradations can be any. They are often used for advertising lighting and decorative purposes.
The simplest driver circuit for powering the lamp from the mains is shown in the figure below. The number of parts here is minimal, due to the presence of one or two damping resistors R1, R2 and the anti-parallel connection of the LEDs HL1, HL2. This is how they protect each other from reverse voltage. In this case, the lamp blinking frequency increases to 100 Hz.
The simplest diagram of connecting a LED lamp to a 220 volt network
The supply voltage of 220 volts is fed through the limiting capacitor C1 to the rectifier bridge, and then to the lamp. One of the LEDs can be replaced with a regular rectifier, but the flicker will change to 25 Hz, which will have a bad effect on vision.
The figure below shows a classic LED lamp power supply circuit. It is used in many models and can be removed for DIY repairs.
The classic scheme for turning on a LED lamp in a 220 V network
On the electrolytic capacitor, the rectified voltage is smoothed out, which eliminates flicker at a frequency of 100 Hz. Resistor R1 discharges the capacitor when the power is turned off.
A simple LED lamp with separate LEDs can be repaired with the replacement of faulty components. It can be easily disassembled if you carefully separate the base from the glass body. There are LEDs inside. The MR 16 lamp has 27 of them. To access the printed circuit board on which they are located, you must remove the protective glass by prying it with a screwdriver. Sometimes this operation is quite difficult to do.
LED lamp for 220 volts
Burnt-out LEDs are immediately replaced. The rest should be ringed with a tester or applied to each voltage of 1.5 V. Serviceable ones should light up, and the rest should be replaced.
The manufacturer calculates the lamps so that the operating current of the LEDs is as high as possible. This significantly reduces their resource, but it is unprofitable to sell "eternal" devices. Therefore, a limiting resistor can be connected in series with the LEDs.
If the lamps blink, the reason may be the failure of the capacitor C1. It should be replaced with another one with a rated voltage of 400 V.
New LED lamps are rarely done. It is easier to make a lamp from a faulty one. In fact, it turns out that the repair and manufacture of a new product is one process. To do this, the LED lamp is disassembled and burned out LEDs and radio components of the driver are restored. On sale there are often original lamps with non-standard lamps, which are difficult to find a replacement for in the future. A simple driver can be taken from a faulty lamp, and LEDs from an old flashlight.
The driver circuit is assembled according to the classic pattern discussed above. Only to it is added a resistor R3 to discharge the capacitor C2 when it is turned off and a pair of zener diodes VD2, VD3 to bypass it in case of an open circuit of the LEDs. You can get by with one zener diode if you choose the right stabilization voltage. If you choose a capacitor for a voltage greater than 220 V, you can do without additional parts. But in this case, its dimensions will increase and after the repair is done, the board with the parts may not fit into the base.
The driver circuit is shown for a 20 LED lamp. If their number is different, it is necessary to select such a value of the capacitance of the capacitor C1 so that a current of 20 mA passes through them.
The power supply circuit of an LED lamp is most often transformerless, and care should be taken when installing with your own hands on a metal lamp so that there is no phase or zero short circuit to the case.
Capacitors are selected according to the table, depending on the number of LEDs. They can be fixed on an aluminum plate in the amount of 20-30 pcs. For this, holes are drilled in it, and LEDs are installed on the hot melt glue. They are soldered sequentially. All parts can be placed on a fiberglass PCB. They are located on the side where there are no printed tracks, with the exception of the LEDs. The latter are fastened by soldering the leads on the board. Their length is about 5 mm. The device is then assembled in the lamp.
LED table lamp
You can learn about making a 220 V LED lamp with your own hands from this video.
A properly made homemade LED lamp circuit will allow it to operate for many years. Repair is possible for her. Power sources can be any: from an ordinary battery to a 220 volt network.
Faults in LED lamps are different. For example, a diode is burned out or a board is out of order. Often, lamps burn out if they are placed outside, for example, in a lantern. Condensation in this case collects inside the lamp body, later you can find out that it burned out, stopped working. Such an LED lamp needs modification and soldering of the diodes.
If necessary, in the event of a diode breakdown, the diode strip can be altered by soldering a jumper instead of the burnt out diode.
LED corn lamps, for example, are great for main lighting. These lamps are of high quality, but expensive. Also, an electronic table lamp can also work in conjunction with LEDs. The subwoofer is often decorated with LEDs for an interesting look.
In order to disassemble electric LED bulbs that have stopped burning:
- You will need a soldering iron and a screwdriver.
- First of all, we disassemble the glass, which can be removed quite easily on some lamps.
- You just need to take the cap with your hand and pull it off.
- The cap is matte light, so it softens the hard light from the LEDs well.
- Inside the bulbs is a matrix with a large number of LEDs.
Next, you need a screwdriver to disassemble the light bulb. The radiator is carefully pushed in with a screwdriver and removed from the case. The LED matrix itself is soldered to the wires, the pads have a plus of gray and a minus of white. This needs to be unsoldered. At the bottom of the case is a switching power supply that converts 220V into a voltage suitable for powering LEDs.
How does a Navigator or Ecola LED lamp work? What does it look like inside, because its internal structure is not visible because of the case? Of course, the incandescent lamp is already in the past, it is transparent, so its device can be seen without disassembling the light bulb.
The main part of the LED lamp includes a board with LEDs (or on a strip of their circuit) and an electronic board (driversm7307):
- The driver rectifies the alternating current and stabilizes it.
- Also, the LED lamp has capacitors on the board.
- The voltage of 220V is reduced to approximately 100 volts, rectified by a diode bridge.
- There is also a smoothing capacitor (rectifier mb6s), which removes ripple.
- The controller is built on the bp2831a microcircuit.
The microcircuit begins to generate a sequence of pulses to the key field-effect transistor, which leads to the appearance of a voltage on the winding. In Chinese lamps, everything is arranged much easier, but such a lamp will not last long either.
They are equipped with a non-isolated step-down constant current LED driver bp9833d.
It is not of decent quality, so you may need to replace the lamp soon. It happens that they fail after a month of use, although LED lamps are designed to last for many years.
It is no secret that LED lighting is penetrating our lives more and more extensively. The Videx LED lamp with an e27 base, 7 W, 220V, with a temperature of 3000 Kelvin and a luminous flux of 560 lumens is not endowed with waterproofing and, as a result, condensation can collect in it and breakdown occur.
LEDs are suitable for everything:
- For basic lighting;
- For a table lamp;
- And even for the street.
To repair an LED bulb, you first need to check the LEDs. After removing the matrix with LEDs, you need to take a tester and check them. Having found a burned out LED, you need to replace it or separate it by soldering a jumper. It remains to collect everything in reverse order, everything in its place.
Before repairing LED luminaires from such companies as Cosmos, Gx53, Jazzway, Maxus or Ft9216 mortise luminaires, you must first disassemble them. To test the operation of the Maxus LED lamp, you need to prepare a long electrical cord, connect it to the lamp and to the network.
Watching the reaction of the lamp, you can understand what exactly does not work in it and how to fix it.
If, when connected to the network, no reaction of the LED lamp is observed, then you need to take a tester and ring the chain from the plug itself to the transformer. If it is found that power is supplied to the luminaire, then you need to look at the output voltage. Since each of the lines is connected in series in the luminaire, a certain current must be kept in the circuit so that the LEDs do not burn out. Also, you need to check all the LEDs in the luminaire. If they work, then you need to check the block.
The electrical circuit of the power supply is visually divided into parts:
- PPS or KKM (power factor corrector);
- Ice driver lis8516 (it is quite difficult to find an analogue of such a driver);
- LEDs.
If the load is of sufficiently high power, at the peak of the capacitor charge, the consumption goes directly from the network. This is very bad for the shape of the sinusoidal voltage.So that the capacitor is charged not only when the voltage in the network is higher than the voltage of the element, but constantly, for this, a power factor corrector was invented. If you use it, then the capacitor is charged constantly in small pulses, and thus the voltage in the network becomes better. To check the operation of the power factor corrector, you need to take a tester, set it to 1000 volts and connect it to a capacitor. Getting started diagnosing and checking the lis8512 led driver, first of all, you need to check the choke with a continuity tester. Also, observing the polarity, you need to check the diode. You can check the resistance across the resistor.
How to check the LED in an LED lamp? There are some nuances in solving this problem. LEDs in lamps are different. In order to check them, sometimes a standard multimeter is not enough, since the voltage on the multimeter probes is only up to 3V.
LED bulb can be tested with single crystal low voltage LED. To do this, you need to turn on the tester for sound continuity, and check the LEDs using the probes. When checking the LED, the polarity must be observed. Put the red probe of the multimeter to the positive terminal of the LED, and the black one to the negative terminal.
Peculiarities:
- If the polarity is incorrect, the LED will not light up.
- If the LED is working, then when checked with a multimeter, it will glow.
- But there are also 2-crystal LEDs, 3-crystal LEDs, and you cannot check them with a simple multimeter.
- When you try to do this, none of the LEDs will light up.
What's the matter, maybe the LEDs are not working properly? No, because these LEDs work from increased voltage, since there are several crystals inside. A lamp with multichip LEDs containing 2 or more crystals in its structure is characterized by a fundamental sequence of their connection, and an operating voltage of more than 3V. To test the LEDs in such a lamp, a higher voltage is needed than on the multimeter probes. Such LEDs are used in powerful floodlights of 10 W and higher. A floodlight with a powerful LED will last for a long time.
If there is no reaction when checking with a multimeter, in such a situation you can take a 12 volt power supply and prepare a connector for it, from which 2 wires will go, and in series 1 1 kΩ resistor. It is needed in order not to damage the LED during testing. A resistor connected in series will limit the maximum current through the LED under test, which will prevent damage when tested from the power supply.
To check, you need:
- Plug the power supply into the network;
- Take improvised probes in the form of wires (for convenience, you can put probes from a multimeter);
- Trying to check the LED.
If everything is done correctly, the LED will light up, which judges its serviceability. When the LED lamp burns out and does not turn on, it is not necessary to throw it away. You can resort to a small repair of an LED lamp at home with minimal costs, both money and time. The most common reasons for the failure of an ice lamp is the burnout of the LED and not soldering the wire to the base. The base must be soldered to the wiring. You can disassemble and eliminate the cause of the breakdown of an Asd lamp with an e27 base as follows. Analysis begins with the removal of the flask. This is a tricky process as it is sealed with a sealant. You can try to open it, or you can corny neatly cut it with a hacksaw for metal.
