DIY LED lamp repair

In detail: DIY repair of LED lamps from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

Savings and design in lighting have brought cutting-edge technology to nearly every home. Many people change their common base chandeliers for economical LED products. Not everyone knows how to repair an LED lamp on their own, especially what parts it consists of inside. How to use the tool in case of breakdown, where to start the whole process. Let's try to figure out in detail what are the breakdowns in the devices and how to repair some LED chandeliers with our own hands.

Typical breakdowns: partial or complete lack of lighting, short blinking or spontaneous shutdown, failure. Reasons: The temperature has reached above 50 degrees, a break in the contact between the filament itself and the holder, if it is a paid option, and not a lamp one, peeling of the contacts on the board.
The LED is burnt out, partially or completely. Reason: Overvoltage in the network, capacitor burned out (breakdown). Usually breakage occurs in cheap board options.
There are additional reasons leading to the failure of the device, namely: a short circuit in the circuit, incorrect connection to the network, non-observance of the device connection diagram during installation.
Poor soldering of the contacts of the circuit, LEDs to the board, poor fastening of the wires in the base of the lamps. Weak soldering of conductive elements (wires, tires). Reason: Factory defect. The repair of many LED chandeliers with a control panel is carried out for this very reason.

Before repairing the LED light, the fixture must be removed. It will take some tool; thin screwdriver with a flat end, cruciform. If the connection was made using twists, you will need pliers with insulated handles, insulating tape and a multimeter to check the contacts. Tweezers come in handy when working with small parts.

Video (click to play).

You will need a soldering iron with a thin tip and solder (it is advisable to use a special nozzle). A drill with a 2.5 mm drill., It can also come in handy, disconnect the base of the lamp by drilling out the fasteners. Several thin wires 10 cm long.
Attention! It is forbidden to carry out electrical work without a special protected tool!

Chandeliers appeared with a remote control not so long ago. Few people are familiar with their device. Repairing LED ceiling

x chandeliers need to know the design, just in general terms. Let's take a closer look at what it can consist of.

A simple LED chandelier consists of a body, a regulator unit, or a driver. It is used as a voltage rectifier. It contains terminals, or terminal clamps, to which the mains power is connected. Then wires run from the block to the lamps. They can be from one wire, for a regular lamp, up to 12 for a design version of the device.

A more complex version of the product, consists of an antenna, a control unit for the lighting itself, a voltage regulator or several
In multiple blocks carrying out automatic tuning. Raster luminaires can have several drivers and different types of LED elements, lamps. From a specific type of lighting

device depends on checking and repairing components.

Why is it necessary to know or find out the design before
start repairing your LED chandelier. The reason is simple, you need to determine where the control units are located, inside the chandelier or in
the lighting element itself, the lamp.Here we need the same LED chandelier circuit.

Repairing an LED chandelier working without a remote control is easier. There is nothing complicated in it, they are assembled according to the same type: one or more diodes (a compact bridge is possible), electrolytes (capacitors), a pair of resistances (resistors), and a coil with a winding. This is the simplest scheme without protection, there are many options for them, but now we will analyze the simplest scheme.

After removing the lamp, inspect the board for visible defects, broken wires, ohThe absence of such is a good sign.
Remove the shade or decoration around the lamp, unscrew the lighting elements. Examine the base, burnt spots indicate poor contact. If there are any, try cleaning them with a knife.
Repack the terminal blocks, or twists, tighten the screws on all parts. Not finding visible defects, we proceed to inspect the lamps. The version of a block luminaire, where relays and lamps are next to each other on a large board, is considered as repairing the lamp described below.
Do-it-yourself LED chandelier repair begins with determining the location of the breakdown or breakage.

Fix the lamp with a smaller diameter plastic bottle by cutting and inserting the lamp into it.

It is better to supply power with a separate power supply, to the lamp, if it is 12 or 24 volts nominal. All undamaged LEDs in the circuit need to ring the device. But the way is easier, by connecting the lamp to the power supply to carry out simple manipulations

Alternately close (throw a jumper) the contacts of each LED with tweezers or a wire with stripped and tinned contacts.
The lamp will light up when you find (close the contacts) on the burned out LED. If this does not happen, see further down the chain.
Check the board for the cause of burnouts, swelling of capacitors, carefully check the tracks on the regulator board itself. Solder the broken contacts.

You cannot replace the LED with a jumper when there are less than 10 of them in the common circuit, the capacitors will overload, block LEDs will burn out when there are 3 of them in one case. They can be identified by three dark points, inside a yellow or white crystal.

Often the repair of LED chandeliers must be done due to overheating of the matrix itself. First, unscrew the fasteners and visually inspect the inside of the chandelier. Then they carefully try to move the board in place. It is determined whether there is a break in the wires from the control unit, whether the wire is burnt out from overvoltage. If burnt out, solder in place. We check all the details one by one.

Then you will need an original chandelier diagram. Without it, you can only repair the chandelier without a remote control. If there is a remote control unit, the batteries in it are replaced with new elements. LED chandeliers with a control panel are often found; here you will need an exact diagram of the chandelier controller to detect a breakdown.

The chandelier control unit is usually tightly sealed in a shell, and manufacturers draw diagrams on it. Only these are wiring diagrams and lighting elements.

There are also blocks with a collapsible body, then the option is simplified. With a non-collapsible unit, use a tester to call the output signal to the lighting elements (LEDs). In the absence of voltage supply, the reason may be a breakdown of the signal receiver. We disassemble it, visually check the contacts and tracks on the board, the integrity of the parts. If the voltage supply goes to one lighting branch, then there is a breakdown in the control unit, and not in the signal receiver itself.

The burned-out part can be evaporated and called, for a start, all the resistances (see the diagram) by putting the OMa icon on the device. Then the capacitance of the capacitors, since they have designations, polarity and type are also important when checking.

Designation on the diagram

If a discrepancy is found in the denomination, re-solder.

The chandelier control unit is responsible for the intensity and modes of combustion of the LED elements. Violation of one of the circuits (in the plafond version of the lamp) does not disable the unit, possibly a fuse has blown.

But still, check the blocks, if there are any melted spots on them, there is, replace it with a new one. If the wires are incorrectly connected, only the parts in the power supply are lit. The regulator unit is protected against excessive loads. It can be called according to the scheme.

Many models of regulators, drivers and power supplies for LED luminaires come with cooling heatsinks. They have a seat through which the microcircuit or other control element gives off heat. Most lamps have radiators.

Lack of special grease, thermal paste, the cause of overheating of most (up to 15%) boards and blocks. Unscrew and check if it is applied along the plane of the seat.

The thermal paste is applied in a thin layer over the entire surface of the seat, a large amount will only worsen the heat transfer. By screwing an additional thin aluminum plate to the radiator, it is possible to increase the heat transfer, while the installation is carried out without blocking the main air flows passing through it.

As you can see, there is nothing unusual in the repair of LED ceiling chandeliers, no. It is not so difficult to do it yourself. It takes a little patience, a little practice and a tin of knowledge. Of course, the variety of lamps, lamps and all kinds of chandeliers will not make us bored during the renovation process. But in this number of details, the exact diagram of the LED chandelier and, of course, a great desire will help us figure it out.

With the advent of LED technology, lighting systems have taken to a whole new level. Economical, environmentally friendly and electrically safe devices are used everywhere today - they have replaced the standard "Ilyich lamps" and the "housekeepers" that have gained popularity. The former have long been outdated from a moral point of view, the latter are extremely hazardous to health due to the mercury vapor contained inside.Despite the long service life, even such devices fail over time. In some situations, expensive repair of LED lamps can be done independently, at home, which we will consider further. Image - DIY LED fixtures repair

Before disassembling a failed LED lamp into its component parts, be sure to study its structure and principle of operation. Standard equipment of this type includes an electronic power supply board, a light filter and a housing with a base. Cheaper models use conventional capacitors instead of current and voltage limiters.

One lamp can have several dozen LEDs that are connected in series or in parallel. In the second case, the design turns out to be expensive (a separate resistor is connected to each led diode or group), so not everyone can afford it.

The principle of operation of an LED is almost identical to a semiconductor element. The current between the anode and cathode travels in a straight line, which leads to the formation of a glow. Each LED individually is characterized by a minimum power, which is why several pieces are used at once. To create the desired luminous flux, a phosphor coating is used, which transforms the light into a spectrum visible to the human eye.

High-quality models contain a high-tech driver that performs the function of a converter along with a diode group. The primary voltage goes to a transformer that reduces the characteristics of the current. At the output of the element, we get the constant current necessary to power the led diodes.In order to reduce ripple in the circuit, an auxiliary capacitor is used.

Despite the numerous varieties, differences in devices, the number of LEDs used, all lighting devices of this type are characterized by the same design, which simplifies their maintenance.

There are several possible malfunctions of LED devices, which is associated with their albeit similar, but rather complex design. The most common breakdowns among the rest are accompanied by the following points:

complete absence of glow;
periodic lack of lighting;
short-term flickering;
turning off the light at random moments;
damage to a light bulb or LED.

There are even more reasons for the appearance of breakdowns. The most common of them are the following:

Violation of the rules and recommendations for the operation of LED devices. When buying a new lamp, be sure to study the conditions for its operation, prescribed in the technical manual. If you ignore any rule, the probability of breakdowns increases several times.
Overheating of equipment. By themselves, the LEDs practically do not heat up in operation, but if the temperature exceeds the declared 50-60 degrees, then the filament, the holder or the peeling of the contacts on the electronic board may occur. Overheating sometimes occurs due to the fact that a luminaire not intended for these purposes is installed inside the stretch ceiling. This prevents it from cooling naturally.
Burnout of a led diode - full or partial. This can lead to high voltage surges in the network or a burnout of the capacitor.

Important! The last breakdown is relevant for cheap devices that use low-quality boards.

If you go deeper, then you can identify several other, more rare, but no less interesting reasons, due to which the LED lamp may not work:

technical violations when connecting to the power supply;
short circuit;
incorrect installation of equipment;
errors in the construction of elements in the connection diagram;
poor quality product - when trying to save money, do not forget that you are buying a "pig in a poke".

In such devices, the contacts may be initially poorly soldered, or a cheap capacitor is used instead of the driver. This is a so-called manufacturing defect.

LED ceiling lights with a remote control often fail due to factory defects. Thus, in order to carry out repairs, it is important to correctly establish not only the breakdown, but also the cause of its occurrence.

Read also: DIY starter repair on a vaz

The 220V LED lamp driver circuit consists of:

diode bridge;
resistances;
resistors.

The diode bridge serves to rectify the current (converting it from alternating to direct current). On the graph, this looks like a cut-off of a half-wave of a sine wave. Resistances limit current, and capacitors store energy by increasing the frequency. Consider the principle of operation on the circuit of a 220 V LED lamp.

Having understood the principle of operation and the driver circuit, the decision on how to fix a 220V LED lamp will no longer seem difficult. If we talk about high-quality lighting devices, then you should not expect trouble from them. They work for the entire prescribed period and do not fade, although there are "diseases" to which they are also susceptible. Let's talk about how to deal with them.

To make it easier to understand the reasons, we summarize all the data in one common table.

Good to know! Repair of LED fixtures is impossible to carry out indefinitely. It is much easier to eliminate negative factors affecting durability and not to purchase cheap products. Savings today will cost you tomorrow. As economist Adam Smith said, "I'm not rich enough to buy cheap things."

Before you repair an LED lamp with your own hands, pay attention to some details that require less labor. Checking the cartridge and the voltage in it is the first thing to do.

Important! Repair of LED lamps requires a multimeter - without it, it will not be possible to ring the driver elements. A soldering station is also required.

A soldering station is required for the repair of LED chandeliers and lighting fixtures. After all, overheating of their elements leads to failure. The heating temperature during soldering should be no higher than 2600, while the soldering iron heats up more. But there is a way out. We use a piece of copper core with a cross section of 4 mm, which is wound around the tip of the soldering iron with a tight spiral. The more you lengthen the sting, the lower its temperature. Convenient if the multimeter has a thermometer function. In this case, it can be adjusted more precisely.

But before you repair LED spotlights, chandeliers or lamps, you need to determine the cause of the failure.

One of the problems that a novice home craftsman faces is how to disassemble an LED light bulb. To do this, you need an awl, solvent and a syringe with a needle. The diffuser of the LED lamp is glued to the body with a sealant that must be removed. Passing carefully along the edge of the diffuser with an awl, inject the solvent with a syringe. After 2 ÷ 3 minutes, lightly twisting, the diffuser is removed.

Checking the disassembled LED bulb. You shouldn't do this - it's dangerous.

Some lighting fixtures are made without gluing with a sealant. In this case, it is enough to turn the diffuser and remove it from the housing.

Having disassembled the lighting fixture, pay attention to the LED elements. Burned is often identified visually: there are burn marks or black dots on it. Then we change the faulty part and check the functionality. We will describe the replacement in detail in the step-by-step instructions.

If the LED elements are in order, go to the driver. To check the performance of its parts, you need to solder them from the printed circuit board. The value of the resistors (resistances) is indicated on the board, and the parameters of the capacitor are indicated on the case. When dialing with a multimeter in the appropriate modes, there should be no deviations. However, often failed capacitors are determined visually - they swell or burst. The solution is to replace it with a suitable one in terms of technical parameters.

The LED can be ringed with a multimeter without unsoldering from the printed circuit board

Replacing capacitors and resistances, unlike LEDs, is often performed with a conventional soldering iron. In this case, you should be careful not to overheat the nearest contacts and elements.

If you have a soldering station or a hair dryer, this job is simple. It is more difficult to work with a soldering iron, but it is also possible.

Good to know! If there are no working LED elements at hand, you can install a jumper instead of the burnt one. Such a lamp will not work for a long time, but it will be possible to win some time. However, such repairs are made only if the number of elements is more than six. Otherwise, the day is the maximum work of the repair product.

Modern lamps run on SMD LED elements that can be soldered out of an LED strip. But it is worth choosing those that are suitable for technical characteristics. If there are none, it is better to change everything.

Chinese driver - these guys love minimalism

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For the correct choice of LED devices, you need to know not only the general LED characteristics... Information about modern models, electrical circuits of working devices will come in handy. In this article, you will find answers to these and other practical questions.

If the driver consists of smaller SMD components, use a copper wire soldering iron on the tip. A visual inspection revealed a burnt element - we solder it and select the one that matches the marking. No visible damage is more difficult. We'll have to solder all the details and ring them separately. Having found the burnt one, we change it to a workable one and mount the elements in place. It is convenient to use tweezers for this.

Useful advice! Do not remove all elements from the PCB at the same time. They are similar in appearance, you can later confuse the location. It is better to solder the elements one at a time and, after checking, mount them in place.

Repairing an LED tube in the form of a fluorescent lamp is no different from working with a simple

When installing lighting in rooms with high humidity (bathroom or kitchen), stabilizing power supplies are used, which lower the voltage to a safe one (12 or 24 volts). The stabilizer can fail for several reasons. The main ones are excessive load (power consumption of the luminaires) or the wrong choice of the degree of protection of the unit.Such devices are repaired in specialized services. At home, this is unrealistic without the availability of equipment and knowledge in the field of radio electronics. In this case, the power supply unit will have to be replaced.

The power supply for the LEDs looks like this

Very important! All work on replacing the stabilizing LED power supply is carried out with the voltage removed. Do not rely on the switch - it may be incorrectly wired. The voltage is disconnected in the distribution board of the apartment. Remember that touching live parts with your hand is life-threatening.

You need to pay attention to the technical characteristics of the device - the power must exceed the parameters of the lamps that are powered from it. Having disconnected the failed unit, we connect a new one according to the diagram. It can be found in the technical documentation of the device. This is not difficult - all wires are color-coded, and the contacts are letter designation.

Decoding of IP protection degrees for electrical appliances

Plays the role and degree of protection of the device (IP). For a bathroom, the device must be marked at least IP45.

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In order for the lighting to be stable, and the installed products to serve as long as possible, you should choose the right 12V power supply for LED strip... In this publication, we will consider the types of devices, how to calculate them correctly, how to do it yourself, how to connect, popular models.

If the reason for the flickering of the LED lamp is the failure of the capacitor (it needs to be replaced), then periodic blinking when the light is off is easier to solve. The reason for this "behavior" of the luminaire is the backlight-indicator on the switch key.

The capacitor located in the driver circuit accumulates voltage, and when the limit is reached, it gives out a discharge. The key backlight transmits a small amount of electricity, which does not in any way affect incandescent bulbs or "halogens", but this voltage is enough for the capacitor to start accumulating it. At a certain moment, it gives out a discharge to the LEDs, after which it switches back to accumulation. There are two ways to solve this problem:

We take out the key from the switch and turn off the backlight. The method is simple, but indications that add value to the switch are no longer useful.
We disassemble the chandelier and change the phase wire with zero places on each cartridge. The method is more complicated, but it retains the functionality of the switch. In the dark, you can see it well, and this is a plus.

Such a switch can cause the LEDs in the device to flash.

Not only LED lamps, but also CFLs are susceptible to flashing. The device of their PRU (starting-regulating device) works on a similar principle, which allows the capacitor to store energy.

Consider an example of a simple LED lamp repair:

Modern technologies for the production of lighting products have presented the world with LED lighting devices, thereby bringing lighting to a new, fundamentally different level of work. Today, LEDs are used almost everywhere, displacing obsolete incandescent lamps and hazardous gas-discharge and luminescent light sources from everyday life.

LED lamp repair

LED products have a lot of advantages, one of which is a long period of work. But even they fail. To avoid unnecessary costs, repair of LED lamps can be done by hand. How to do this and what you need to know for this will be discussed in detail in this article.

The basis of any LED lamp and the same light bulb are diodes, which, when current passes through them, begin to glow. Therefore, in order to make an independent repair of lamps of such a plan, you need to know how it works.

Note! The principle of operation of LED products will be identical for all versions. Therefore, knowing him, you can fix any lamp or light bulb with your own hands.

LED luminaire structure

To understand how to repair LED lighting fixtures with your own hands, you need to understand their design. Such devices consist of the following components:

frame. Typically, LED-type luminaires have a unique body, the appearance of which is selected depending on the style and required design. From the point of view of the functionality of the device, it does not matter. This is just a container for the "filling";
driver. This device acts as a power converter. It is capable of delivering constant current. Very often, the cause of a device malfunction lies in the failure of the driver itself;

Note! All LED products operate below the mains voltage (220 volts). Usually their voltage is 12 or 24 volts. Therefore, installing the driver in the lamp will be a prerequisite in order to connect it to the network.

LEDs are the main light source. They generate light by converting electricity transmitted through a driver;
radiators. It is used to cool heating light sources;
optical elements (lenses and reflectors). With the help, the light emitted by the LEDs is converted into a luminous flux acceptable for a person.

This is the simplest LED lamp device. But today there are lamps on the market that can be controlled with a remote control.

LED lights that can be controlled with a remote control are relatively new. To make this possible, devices of a similar plan received additional elements of their design.

Remote controlled chandelier

As we found out, a standard LED luminaire (for example, a ceiling chandelier) consists of a driver, a regulator block, and a housing. The driver has terminal clamps (terminals). They are supplied with food. From the regulator block in a simple chandelier, wires run to the lamps. The number of such wires, depending on the design of the device, can be from 1 to 12.
In the models of LED lamps operating from the control panel, an additional antenna is installed in the structure, as well as voltage regulators and blocks that automatically adjust the glow of the product.
At the same time, several drivers, as well as various types of LEDs, can be located in the raster models of the luminaires. Remember that checking and repairing LED lighting fixtures with your own hands depends entirely on their type.

LED lighting devices, due to their rather complex device, can have a wide variety of malfunctions, the type of which will depend on the repair actions carried out by yourself. But most often there are typical breakdowns, which include the following points:

complete or partial lack of lighting;
the appearance of a short blinking;
spontaneous switching off of the light during the operation of the device;
failure of a light bulb or LEDs.

A variety of reasons can lead to a breakdown of a lamp of such a plan. The most common causes of damage to LED lighting fixtures are the following:

incorrect operating conditions. When buying a lamp, be sure to find out what working conditions will be considered optimal for it. If a chandelier or wall sconce functions in unsuitable conditions, then there is a high probability of breakage;
overheat. Problems with an LED lamp can begin when the temperature of the diodes exceeds 50 degrees.Due to such a high temperature, the contacts of the thread or the holder itself may break, as well as delamination on the contact board may occur;
burnout of the LED. It can occur in whole or in part. The reason for this is network overvoltage or capacitor breakdown (burnout);