Do-it-yourself auto electrician repair

An auto electrician is one of the vehicle systems, the repair of which is quite possible with your own hands. Since many of our compatriots repair their cars on their own, it makes sense to talk about the malfunctions of this system. You can learn more about breakdowns and options for their elimination from this material.

From time to time, malfunctions can occur in the electrical equipment of a car, and any components in the wiring diagram can fail. If we consider the malfunctions of the electrical equipment of the car, then first of all it is necessary to say about the battery. By its design, the battery consists of cans (6 pcs., Each with 2 Volts). Over time, the battery loses its capacity and is no longer able to charge.

The battery plates in the car begin to crumble, in general, any breakdowns associated with the battery appear for the following reasons:

• the battery wears out over time;
• the device is exposed to high loads, as a result of which it regularly discharges;
• the electrolyte level in the cans is insufficient, and the problem may also be a poor density;
• the presence of mechanical damage to the case, in particular, cracks through which the electrolyte escapes.

Quite often, problems in the wiring arise as a result of the failure of the generator device; this unit is characterized by the following breakdowns:

• lack of charging;
• noise of bearing devices.

Diagnose wiring condition using hardware

In the event that there is no charge or it is too weak, the vehicle will operate on battery power, and if the battery is exhausted, it will quickly be discharged. Accordingly, the main equipment will not work in the car - an audio system, a heater, optics, and it may not be possible to start the engine. It should also be noted that the repair of the car's electrical equipment can also provoke the failure of the starter - if this element breaks down, it will not work to start the engine.

Among other malfunctions, the following should be highlighted:

• short circuit of the wiring;
• lack of contacts in connectors;
• open circuit.

How do I find the closure? How to check your car, how to repair wiring and what you need to know about maintaining it? For more information on how to repair a car's electrical system, read below.

The fuse is considered one of the weakest elements in the on-board network. When a short circuit occurs in the system, these parts burn out, thus protecting all equipment connected to a particular line. It is best to find a malfunction in the operation of these elements with a multimeter, since visual diagnostics does not always allow you to get the desired result. All work related to diagnostics must be carried out with the ignition off (the author of the video is the Autoelectric HF channel).

The devices are dismantled from the installation sites, after which each seat is diagnosed. It should be borne in mind that a short circuit could occur in several circuits at once, so if you find a faulty fuse, this is not a reason to stop the diagnosis. The wiring diagram itself is quite complex, and a professional electrician can tell about the real interaction of its circuits. So diagnostics must be carried out for each fuse.

After you have removed the tested fuses from the block, you can start checking the car circuits with your own hands for short circuits.But before that, you need to turn off the mass; for the diagnosis itself, you will need the same multimeter or lamp. If you are using a light bulb, then one of the wires must be connected to the base, and the other to the center contact.

As for diagnostics, it is performed as follows:

• the key in the ignition lock must be set to position I;
• Connect the test leads one at a time to the terminals of the fuse holder.

If the light does not come on, then this is normal, but if it is on, this indicates a short circuit in the circuit. If you use a multimeter, then everything is simple here - you just need to put the tester in the current measurement mode (video by Sergey Martin).

In this case, we can only give general advice, since there are a lot of vehicle models today, as well as electrical circuit diagrams. If you find a short circuit, then you need to figure out why it happened. To do this, carefully examine the circuit to understand what equipment is connected to it. After that, it will be necessary to turn off each consumer in turn and check its circuit. In the event that all verified consumers are working normally, most likely the problem lies in the wire.

Accordingly, you will need to change it. If you are unable to remake the harness, then the old conductor will need to be completely removed and a new one should be laid in its place. But nevertheless, we would recommend contacting specialists with such a problem, because problems in the operation of the electrical circuit must be solved so that they do not reappear. After all, an electrician who regularly repairs wiring knows better than anyone else what is needed to replace wires.

There are several options for connecting conductors in a car. The most popular and least reliable of these is the twisting of wires. For twisting, the two ends of the conductors are simply twisted together, and the bare section of the circuit must be insulated with electrical tape. But still, we would advise using a more reliable connection option, for example, crimping. To do this, you need a connecting sleeve, which must be correctly sized in terms of diameter, as well as press tongs.

The crimping procedure is carried out as follows:

1. First, the insulation is removed from the wiring in accordance with the length of the sleeve.
2. After that, the wires must be twisted and placed inside the sleeve.
3. Further, everything is crimped using press tongs.
4. The resulting connection is isolated.

Another option - welding - is considered professional, since a welding machine is required to implement it. It should be noted that this method is also considered reliable. In the absence of a device, you can resort to soldering, for this you need a soldering iron with all consumables.

The soldering procedure itself is performed as follows:

1. First, the insulating layer is removed from the conductor.
2. Then, using sandpaper, the conductor vein is cleaned.
3. After that, you need to decide what type of core connection will be used.
4. The solder should be brought to the tip of the soldering iron, and then the twist should be warmed up so that the solder flows into it.
5. When the solder has hardened, this area should be rinsed with alcohol.
6. At the final stage, the connection is isolated.

Detailed recommendations regarding soldering wiring are shown in the video below (author - Valera shevchenko channel).

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Hello, when driving in the cabin, the smell of AB acid, the voltage at the AB terminals is 16.5 with the engine running

Shorted the wiring on the starter and on the generator. I removed the engine compartment harness completely, found the burnt wires, put everything in place as it was.Before removing all connections I photographed in order to connect correctly after repair. After connecting, there is no power - I checked, including the emergency gang, dimensions, feet. Where to look for the reason for the lack of food?

Hello, the voltage at the battery terminals when the engine is running is too high. If there is a smell of acid in the cabin, then most likely the problem lies in the boiling of the battery cans. It is necessary to check the electrolyte level in the cans and refill it, if necessary, by adding distilled water. The liquid must be added so that it completely covers the cans. If this does not solve the problem, then the battery must be replaced.

Hello. On my VAZ-21102, when the emergency gang is pressed, the F-16 fuse blows out, when the turns are turned on, only the left one is on, before that the wipers did not work, put a new fuse, the wipers started working, but there was no emergency light, I closed the circuit with a light, it lights up the relay beeps on the dashboard everything blinks and goes out. Advise where to look for the short circuit. Thanks in advance.

Hello. To find a short circuit, you need a tester, you need to look for a short circuit somewhere on the alarm and cornering line. Perhaps you are simply installing an inappropriate fuse? Check the operation of the alarm relay.

The basis of the car is an auto electrician, if it is not working properly, then the car will not work in normal mode, keep the auto electrician and circuits in working order.

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Today it is quite difficult to imagine our life without an electrician, it is found almost everywhere, and a car is no exception, so it is quite natural to want to know how an auto electrician is repaired with your own hands.

This concept combines some of the most functional parts of the car, without which it simply cannot work. First of all, these are power supplies such as car electric generator and battery. This category also includes mechanisms responsible for the start and movement of a car: starter, spark distributor, high voltage coil, control unit and spark plugs... In addition, additional devices installed for the purpose of safety or for maximum comfort can be attributed to the car electrician. This is an alarm, a GPS navigator, and other electronic devices.

Since the auto electrician occupies, one might say, one of the leading positions in the car, while quite a few of its components belong to this category, breakdowns in this area are not uncommon. But, despite the fact that car repair shops can be found almost at every step, real professionals do not work everywhere.You can often come across fraudsters or simply dishonest people. Therefore, you need to pay special attention to choosing a master to whom you want to entrust your "iron horse", or to repair an auto electrician with your own hands. For the latter option, however, there must be some skills and knowledge.

Some of the most common problems are: failure of the starter, alternator and ignition locks. Although car owners do not encounter this very often, but if such a misfortune occurs, then the car immediately stops starting, and then it is not possible to operate it. If the generator is out of order, then it must be repaired as follows: first of all, its technical condition is checked.

This will require special instruments such as an ammeter, voltmeter, tachometer and load rheostat. Then it is disassembled, and it must be carried out in a certain order. The brush holder is dismantled very first, followed by the cover along with the stator, removing the fastening nut from the pulley, you can also remove it. After that, you can finally remove the generator cover itself, what about its assembly, so it is then carried out in a strictly reverse order, so remember how you did it.

When the starter is still in your hands, you need to assess the condition of all its parts and windings. Using an ohmmeter, the rotor excitation winding is checked; in order to check the starter winding, a battery and an indicator will be needed. If they are in order, then the deviation of resistance should not exceed 10%. As for the diodes located in the control unit, lamps and a battery are required to test them. Defective elements will pass current in both directions, or not at all. If any breakdown is found, the unit should be replaced with a new one.

Below are some more tips: what an auto electrician should know. For example, to prevent short circuits, be sure to disconnect the earth drive from the battery when repairing the car's electrical system.

Most often, car electronics fail due to ingress of moisture and dirt, which negatively affect the insulation resistance and thereby contribute to the occurrence of a short circuit. Spark plugs should not have strong oxidation and carbon deposits on their surface, and their color should be light brown. And finally, if the starter does not work at full strength, then it may be necessary to check how securely the ground contact is connected to the body.