Do-it-yourself refrigerator frost repair

In detail: do-it-yourself repair of a frost refrigerator from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

What is an Absorption (Ammonia) Refrigerator?

Absorption-type refrigerators got their name from the absorption process taking place in them, i.e. absorption by a liquid or solid scavenger of refrigerant vapors generated in the evaporator. The refrigerant is ammonia. Ammonia vapors are absorbed by water with the formation of a water-ammonia solution.

A feature of absorption-type refrigerators is their quiet operation, the absence of shut-off valves and moving parts, which increases its durability.

However, in comparison with compression refrigerators, absorption refrigerators have a number of disadvantages. Since the heater is constantly or cyclically connected to the power grid, the operation of an absorption electric refrigerator is more expensive than a compression one, which is connected to the network periodically.

The performance of absorption refrigerators is much lower than compression refrigerators, the process of cooling and obtaining a low (minus) temperature in absorption refrigerators is much slower and the temperature reached is much longer than in compression refrigerators.

Device and principle of operation

The absorption-diffusion refrigeration unit is made of seamless gas-welded pipes. The main components of the unit:

generator - production of ammonia vapor and the rise of a weak solution to the height of the discharge into the absorber;
capacitor - condensation of ammonia vapors;
evaporator - evaporation of liquid ammonia with the formation of cold;
absorber - absorption of ammonia vapor by ammonia-water solution (absorption process);
electric heater - heating the ammonia-water solution in the generator.

Video (click to play).

Principle of operation refrigeration unit of the absorption type is as follows. The concentrated solution is constantly heated in the boiler 1 (Fig. 1.) to the boiling point by some heat source (electric, gas, etc.).

Rice. 1. Diagram of an absorption-type refrigeration unit:

1 - boiler: 2 - reflux condenser: 3 - condenser: 4 - evaporator; 5 - absorber

The circulation of the solution and the refrigerant is carried out continuously, while the boiler and the thermal pump, heated by the same heat source, are operating. Thus, in a continuous-action absorption refrigeration unit, the role of the suction part of the mechanical compressor is performed by the absorber, and the discharge part by the thermal pump.

What to do if the absorption (ammonia) refrigerator has stopped freezing?

It is recommended to check and repair the refrigerator in the following order.

4. The biggest problem that can happen to a refrigerator is a malfunction of the refrigeration unit. There are several options, ammonia leakage, or tube blockage. If the problem is a blockage, there is a popular method - you need to disconnect the refrigerator from the network, turn the refrigerator upside down. Leave in this position for a week. Periodically shaking the refrigerator and tapping the visible pipes of the refrigeration unit with a piece of wood. It is necessary to observe precautions in this case, since a sudden depressurization of the system is fraught with chemical damage to the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. If there is a leak, the ammonia leak is detected by a light yellow spot formed at the leak, and by the smell of ammonia.Due to the fact that your refrigerator is filled with ammonia, the repair of its refrigeration unit is carried out only at the factory! This is due to the fact that work with ammonia must be carried out in special conditions using specialized equipment. Home repairs are not performed.

A fairly long history of the development of refrigeration technology is marked by the emergence of various types of household refrigerators. Among the existing designs, you can find a household absorption apparatus - a gas refrigerator.

Gas refrigerator models are made both stationary and mobile. Their relatively simple design does not exclude the possibility of creating a device with your own hands.

The absorption principle of operation is the basis of refrigeration technology that could run on propane.

Considering the gas refrigerator and the principle of its operation, it should be emphasized: in an absorption refrigerator, propane is assigned a modest function of a gas-heater. The main components of the absorption process in the construction of household refrigerators are usually ammonia and water.

Ammonia acts as a refrigerant and water acts as an absorbent. The simplified gas model contains the following technological modules:

Gas heating module.
Generator (more precisely, a boiler).
Capacitor.
Absorber (absorber).
Evaporator.

The gas heater heats the contents of the generator. The generator module is designed to produce vaporous ammonia and supply a weak ammonia solution to the absorber area. The condensing module is used to cool the ammonia vapors to the condensing temperature. And the module called "absorber" acts as an absorber of ammonia. The evaporator of the gas refrigerator serves as a cold generator.

The technological cooling cycle begins with heating a concentrated ammonia water solution with a gas burner. Due to the lower boiling point of ammonia, this substance boils faster than water. The process of formation of concentrated refrigerant vapors begins, which enters the condenser.

Here, the ammonia vapor is condensed, and already liquid ammonia rushes to the evaporator, where, due to the removal of heat from the products, it boils, forming a vapor-liquid mixture.

The scheme of the absorption refrigerator also provides for the operation of the device, which is called the "dephlegmator". This module is installed at the outlet of the boiler and is designed to obtain a weak ammoniacal solution in the process of partial condensation of saturated vapors. This weak solution is collected in the absorber. Saturated vapor-liquid ammonia mixture from the evaporator is directed there, where it is absorbed. Then the cycle is repeated.

Most household absorption refrigerators are equipped with electric heaters. For example, from such models one can mention refrigerators "Sadko", "Morozko" and others.

But the electric heater can be replaced with any other heat source, including a propane burner, a heating radiator, and even chimney smoke. Therefore, the noted models of absorption technology are theoretically quite acceptable to use for creating a gas refrigerator with your own hands, operating in a constant mode.

A relatively simple method of manufacturing a gas refrigerator, as already noted, seems to be the use of an absorption apparatus that has worked out its life. To bring to the "mind" the same model of "Sadko" or "Morozko", it is enough to exclude from the design the electric heaters installed in the system.

Instead of dismantled heating elements, it will be necessary to introduce gas heating by installing a heat exchanger and a propane burner in the structure.

The model of the absorption refrigerator "Morozko" of the fourth release of the ASh-30 series is suitable for creating a mobile device.The dimensions of the case of this design are 450 x 400 x 405 mm, the weight is no more than 15 kg.

The temperature of the freezer when the structure is operating at full capacity may well reach 10-12 degrees with a minus sign. It is not for nothing that the idea was born among the craftsmen-designers to remake the electric heating, replacing it with a propane heating pad.

However, the venture with a gas refrigerator is dubious, and there are a number of reasons to support this. Thus, the absorption process requires almost twice as long to generate cold as a conventional compression refrigerator.

From the point of view of economy, the design does not seem entirely rational, given how much gas will be required to obtain 1 ° C of subzero temperature for a homemade option. Nevertheless, the design interest in the possibility of implementing the idea is quite high.

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The electric heating elements of the Sadko refrigerator are located on the siphon tube. This structural element (siphon) is located at the bottom of the rear wall of the apparatus. The siphon area is covered with a metal casing, under which there is a layer of heat insulator (mineral wool).

Initially, the amateur constructor will need to do the following:

Place the refrigerator in a place convenient for work.
Remove the protective cover on the rear wall.
Remove thermal insulation material.
Remove the heating elements from the siphon tube.

It should be borne in mind that doing it yourself here is fraught with some risk. The absorption refrigerator system is filled with ammonia and hydrogen under a pressure of up to 2 atm. Careless dismantling of system parts and electric heaters can lead to a depressurization of the system, which is hazardous to health. Care must be taken.

The next step for the hobbyist is to install a propane-fueled heating system. That is, it is necessary to mount a module in the area of the siphon tube, which would be heated as a result of gas combustion. It is not permissible to heat the tube with an open flame.

This means that you need to make a heat exchanger. This can be, for example, a massive bar of copper, inside which a gas burner is built.

The manufacture of a gas heating system without fail provides for the organization of an overheating protection complex. The working temperature range for heating the siphon of the "Sadko" refrigerator is 50 - 175 ° С. Based on these values, you should consider the scheme for turning on and off the gas supply during heating.

For the circuit with electric heaters in absorption refrigerators, a T-120 thermostat is used. But this device regulates the operation of the heaters taking into account the temperature of the evaporator.

A gas burner together with an automatic control device is a slightly different system. If a propane refrigerator is made taking into account long-term use, the automation will have to be made full. That is, for example, to control not only the heating temperature of the heat exchanger, but also to monitor the flame and monitor the gas pressure. We must not forget about the fuse system.

It was not possible to find examples of home-made designs of gas absorption refrigerators that would be marked by long-term operation. There are only experimental options, often started, but not brought to completion. There are also examples of assembly when the gas refrigerator was assembled by hand using a simplified method.

With a simplified version of the assembly, a propane cylinder was used, the outlet of which was connected with a hose directly to a direct-acting burner. The burner was fixed to the chassis of the absorption refrigerator, and the working nozzle was directed directly to the siphon tube. The burner was ignited manually. Also, without any automation, purely by the "test by touch" method, the siphon heating temperature was controlled.

The results are disappointing.During the operation of the manual heating gas installation for 12 hours inside the freezer, the maximum temperature of the lower threshold was obtained - not lower than plus 3 degrees.

Thus, tests of an absorption refrigerator on propane, made by hand according to a simplified scheme, showed an extremely low efficiency of the gas apparatus. Moreover, judging by the gas consumption, this option for obtaining cold ("Sadko-G") is unreasonably expensive.

The meaning of assembling a gas structure is also lost because there are practically no old factory structures of this kind in everyday use. Gas refrigeration equipment with an absorber (Russian production) is basically an industrial installation, large, heavy, equipped with sophisticated gas equipment.

Therefore, an alternative for home-made gas refrigeration equipment is considered more attractive. These are modern mobile compact cooling systems from a series of thermal containers and similar developments. Any of these systems covers the need for cold, which burdens nature enthusiasts.

The price for the devices is quite reasonable. Most likely, the purchase of, say, a Comfort brand refrigerator will cost several times less than the cost of modernizing the old absorption system.

At the same time, in terms of technical characteristics, modern compact refrigeration equipment is practically comparable to the same parameters of Sadko. And the temperature range looks more attractive (up to -18 ° C).

Finally, there is an opportunity to buy an imported industrial refrigerator operating on propane. A good example is the universal apparatus of the German manufacturer, produced under the brand name "Waeco-Dometic Combicool".

The design of the mobile refrigerator ensures that cold is obtained when operating from one of three energy sources, including from a gas cylinder.

Advantages and disadvantages of a mobile refrigerator that can run on both electricity and gas:

A short video review of a Dometik car refrigerator:

The conclusions from the entire history of the design of refrigeration equipment, "free" in all respects, are unambiguous. The only reason to build a gas fridge yourself is if you want to do something yourself. Often, the pleasure of one's own success overrides any innovation on a global scale. However, modern factory models are safer and more reliable.Household refrigerators of absorption type are designed for short-term storage of perishable foodstuffs and production of food ice.The domestic industry produces absorption refrigerators with a volume of 3O to 200 dm3 (l) and a power consumption of 75 to 200 W (Table 1.).A feature of absorption-type refrigerators is their quiet operation, the absence of shut-off valves and moving parts, which increases its durability.However, in comparison with compression refrigerators, absorption refrigerators have a number of disadvantages. Since the heater is constantly or cyclically connected to the power grid, the operation of an absorption electric refrigerator is more expensive than a compression one, which is connected to the network periodically.The performance of absorption refrigerators is much lower than compression refrigerators, the process of cooling and obtaining a low (minus) temperature in absorption refrigerators is much slower and the temperature reached is much longer than in compression refrigerators.Recently, new models of absorption refrigerators have been developed with a unit that creates lower temperatures in the low-temperature compartment. So, in the low-temperature compartment of the "Kristall-9" refrigerator the temperature is minus 18 ° С.Absorption-type refrigerators got their name from the absorption process taking place in them, i.e.absorption by a liquid or solid scavenger of refrigerant vapors generated in the evaporator. The refrigerant is ammonia. Ammonia vapors are absorbed by water with the formation of a water-ammonia solution.Ammonia (NH3) - a colorless gas with a very pungent characteristic odor, easily dissolves in water. The solution has an alkaline reaction, a very simple way of detecting leaks from the system of a refrigeration unit of gaseous ammonia is based on this: blue litmus paper moistened with water in vapors containing ammonia.The components of the solution for filling the refrigeration unit are: refrigerant - ammonia, absorbent - water bidistillate, inhibitor - sodium dichromate, inert gas - hydrogen. The amount of ammonia-water solution for filling the refrigeration unit is 350-750 cm3, the ammonia concentration in the ammonia-water solution is 4-36% (by weight).

The unit is filled with ammonia water and hydrogen at a pressure of 1.47-1.96 MPa. Hydrogen is inert and does not react chemically with ammonia.The purpose of hydrogen is to create a back pressure to the ammonia vapor. Hydrogen is fed into the condenser at a lower pressure than the pressure of the ammonia vapor before it condenses.To protect the inner surface of the refrigeration unit pipes from corrosion, sodium chromate (Na₂ CrO₄ ) in an amount of about 2% of the mass of the charge. An ammonia-water solution is prepared by mixing ammonia with double distilled water.The refrigeration unit is located on the rear wall of the refrigerator cabinet, the evaporator is located inside the refrigerator compartment.The cooling capacity of the absorption-diffusion unit is 20-30 kcal / h.The absorption-diffusion refrigeration unit is made of seamless gas-welded pipes. The main components of the unit:

generator - production of ammonia vapor and the rise of a weak solution to the height of the discharge into the absorber;

condenser - condensation of ammonia vapors;

evaporator - evaporation of liquid ammonia with the formation of cold;

absorber - absorption of ammonia vapor by ammonia-water solution (absorption process);

electric heater - heating the ammonia-water solution in the generator.

The principle of operation of an absorption-type refrigeration unit is as follows. The concentrated solution is constantly heated in the boiler 1 (Fig. 1.) to the boiling point by some heat source (electric, gas, etc.).Rice. one. Absorption refrigeration unit diagram:The circulation of the solution and the refrigerant is carried out continuously, while the boiler and the thermal pump, heated by the same heat source, are operating. Thus, in a continuous-action absorption refrigeration unit, the role of the suction part of the mechanical compressor is performed by the absorber, and the discharge part by the thermal pump.To increase the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle of the absorption refrigeration machine, liquid and steam heat exchangers are also used, which reduce unproductive heat losses.a - device: 1 - metal sleeve; 2 - nichrome spiral; 3 - sand; 4 - spiral sleeve; 5 - porcelain beads; The electric heater of the refrigeration unit is made of nichrome wire of alloy Kh20N80-N-1-0.25, 0 0.25, twisted into a spiral 2 (Fig. 2, a) with porcelain bushings threaded onto it 4. The spiral is inserted into a metal sleeve 1 made of a pipe ... The free space between the spiral bushings and the inner surface of the sleeve is filled with sand 3. Sleeve length 200-250 mm, diameter 20-25 mm. On one side, the sleeve is tightly closed. A heating element is inserted into the open part of the sleeve, which is located at a length of 150 mm, from the edges of the sleeve it is located at a distance of 5 mm. Through the cap with holes, the ends of the spiral, insulated with porcelain beads 5, are brought out of the metal sleeve.The ends of the spiral are connected to a power switch or thermostat.Depending on the volume of the refrigerator, electric heaters differ in power, the number of steps - 1,2 or 3 (Fig. 2, b), as well as in voltage. Thus, the single-stage electric heater of the Kristall-4 refrigerator has a power of 125 W; The two-stage electric heater in the Kristall-9 two-chamber refrigerator has two power levels - 200 and 70 W. In the refrigerators of older models, two- and three-section heaters were installed, designed for two or three, respectively, power switching.Temperature control system in absorption refrigerators it can be manual or automatic. In the first case, when the electric heater is designed for several power levels, the temperature is adjusted by the owner himself by turning on the heater to a higher or lower power, and in gas refrigerators - by the gas flow regulator knob.In refrigerators of new models, an intermittent (cyclic) mode of operation with a constant power of the electric heater is used. Thanks to the use of the inertial capacity of the refrigeration cycle, it was possible to significantly reduce the daily power consumption and increase the service life of the electric heater. A thermostat is included in the electric circuit of the refrigerator, which turns off the electric heater when the set temperature in the chamber is reached. Naturally, with such a cyclic operation of the refrigeration unit, the temperature in the chamber cannot be constant and a certain average level can be maintained only by means of automation.In refrigerators, thermostats ART-2A or T-110 (T-120) of various modifications are used with the appropriate setting of the temperature characteristic.The thermostat works as follows. When the temperature on the evaporator reaches below a certain value, refrigerant condensation occurs in the capillary tube of the thermostat fixed to the evaporator, as a result of which the refrigerant vapor pressure drops and the thermostat contacts open. In this case, the electric heater is disconnected from the network. When the temperature on the evaporator rises, the liquid freon in the capillary tube of the thermostat begins to evaporate. The vapor pressure of the freon reaches a value at which the thermostat contacts close again. When the thermostat contacts are closed, the electric heater consumes electricity and the refrigeration unit operates. The temperature on the evaporator starts to drop again.The refrigerating unit of the Morozko-ZM refrigerator (Fig. 3) of absorption-diffusion action is a system of seamless steel pipes, hermetically sealed, without moving parts and absolutely noiseless in operation.Rice. 3. Refrigeration unit of the Morozko-ZM refrigerator:Filled with ammonia water and hydrogen, the unit operates throughout its entire service life. Due to the presence of an inert gas in the refrigeration unit, the total pressure of the system is maintained the same in all parts, and after charging it is approximately 42 MPa. This makes it possible to provide the necessary circulation inside the pipes using a thermosyphon - a small-diameter tube heated in the lower part by an electric heater. The generator and the electric heater are covered with a metal casing, inside of which thermal insulation 15 made of fiberglass is laid.A concentrated ammonia water solution with an initial concentration of about 35% is heated by an electric heater 14 in a thermosyphon 10 of the generator 9 to a temperature of 55-175 ° C. The vapor-liquid mixture formed during boiling rises along the thermosyphon, since its specific gravity becomes less than the specific gravity of the strong solution in the collector 2, with which the thermosyphon communicates.After leaving the thermosyphon, ammonia-water vapor is separated from the vapor-liquid mixture, and a weak ammonia-water solution enters through the tube 12 of a weak solution and the heat exchanger of solutions to the upper part of the absorber 4. The ammonia-water vapor enters the regenerator 11 through the steam outlet tube 13, and then passes through the dephlegmator 6 to the condenser 7 ...As a result of cooling with a concentrated solution in the regenerator 11, an increase in the concentration of steam is achieved without heat loss. Additional cooling of steam with ambient air, the formation of reflux in order to maximize the concentration of steam and the separation of water from it occurs in the reflux condenser 6. Ammonia vapor enters the condenser 7, and the reflux enters the regenerator 11.The reflux process in absorption-type refrigeration units occurs at the outlet of the generator, when ammonia vapors, containing an admixture of water vapor, are cooled by the ambient air. In this case, reflux (concentrated ammonia solution) is separated from ammonia vapors, i.e. steam is cleaned of water impurities. Water vapor together with reflux returns to the generator. The dephlegmator is located on the steam outlet pipe.

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In the condenser, the ammonia vapor is condensed. The resulting liquid ammonia is drained into the evaporator 8, where the evaporation of liquid ammonia occurs, accompanied by the absorption of heat from the refrigerating chamber.Hydrogen circulates between the evaporator and the absorber in a mixture with ammonia under high pressure. In the evaporator, ammonia vapor diffuses into the lean hydrogen vapor mixture.The steam-hydrogen mixture saturated with ammonia vapors is lowered through the regenerative gas heat exchanger 5 into the solution collector 2. The unevaporated part of the liquid ammonia also enters there. Continuing its movement in the absorber, the ammonia-saturated steam-hydrogen mixture in the process of absorption gives up the ammonia obtained in the evaporator to a weak ammonia-water solution, which moves countercurrently, merging from top to bottom.Having cleared of a significant part of ammonia and reducing its specific gravity, the steam-hydrogen mixture becomes lean, is displaced from the absorber by an inflow saturated with a heavier gas mixture from the evaporator and enters the regenerative heat exchanger 5, where it is cooled with a saturated steam-hydrogen mixture from the evaporator.The cooled lean steam-hydrogen mixture enters the evaporator. The ammonia-water solution, enriched with ammonia in the absorber, is drained into the solution collector 2, and then into the solution heat exchanger 1, where it is heated by the weak ammonia-water solution returning from the generator. The heated saturated ammonia water solution enters the thermosyphon 10. The processes in the refrigeration unit are continuous. Boiling in the generator is accompanied by the absorption of heat from the electric heater, the solution boils and ammonia-water vapor is formed.The heat in the refrigerating chamber is absorbed by the refrigerant (ammonia) through the developed, ribbed surface of the evaporator.The intensity of heat release from the refrigerant into the environment in the condenser and absorber is provided by a developed heat exchange surface and is achieved, respectively, by ribbing and by increasing the length of the pipe.The hydrogen accumulator 3 serves as a collection of hydrogen and gaseous ammonia and stabilizes the operation of the refrigeration unit in the event of an increase in the ambient temperature, contributing to the maintenance of a constant refrigeration effect.Due to the continuity of the refrigeration cycle in the refrigerating chamber of the refrigerator, a low temperature is achieved and set with the described refrigeration unit.The required operating mode of the refrigeration unit is determined by the design and dimensions, as well as by the charge parameters (concentration of ammonia water solution, hydrogen pressure) and is set depending on the ambient temperature and the operating mode of the thermosyphon heater.This operation is recommended to be carried out in the following sequence. Check if all the valves on the stand are closed, open - close. Supply compressed air to the stand, Check the pressure on the pressure gauge (it should be at least 490 kPa). Open the valve of the hydrogen line, set the pressure on the low side of the reducer according to the pressure versus temperature graph at the charging station. The pressure should be 49 kPa higher than the charging pressure. After setting the pressure according to the pressure gauge on the reducer, open valve 3 (Fig. 4).When studying the principle of operation of "Morozko-3M", one should use the "Scheme of operation of the refrigerating unit" Morozko-3M "". Further designations of positions are given in accordance with the diagram (presented on the stand and at the end of the methodological instructions).A concentrated ammonia water solution with an initial concentration of about 35% is heated by an electric heater in a thermosyphon to a temperature of 165-175 ° C. The vapor-liquid mixture formed during boiling rises along the thermosyphon, since its specific gravity becomes less than the specific gravity of the strong solution in the collector with which the thermosyphon communicates. After leaving the thermosyphon, ammonia-water vapor is separated from the vapor-liquid mixture, and the weak ammonia water solution enters through the tube of the weak solution and the heat exchanger of solutions to the upper part of the absorber. Ammonia-water vapor enters the condenser through the reflux condenser.Additional cooling of steam with ambient air, the formation of reflux in order to maximize the concentration of steam and the separation of water from it occurs in a reflux condenser. Ammonia vapor enters the condenser, and reflux enters the weak solution outlet tube.The reflux process in absorption-type refrigeration units occurs at the outlet of the generator, when ammonia vapors, containing an admixture of water vapor, are cooled by the ambient air. In this case, reflux (concentrated ammonia solution) is separated from ammonia vapors, i.e. steam is cleaned of water impurities. Water vapor together with reflux returns to the generator. The dephlegmator is located on the steam outlet pipe.In the condenser, the ammonia vapor is condensed. The formed liquid ammonia is discharged into the evaporator, where the evaporation of liquid ammonia occurs, accompanied by the absorption of heat from the refrigerating chamber.Hydrogen circulates between the evaporator and the absorber in a mixture with ammonia under high pressure. In the evaporator, ammonia vapor diffuses into the lean hydrogen vapor mixture.The steam-hydrogen mixture saturated with ammonia vapors is lowered through the regenerative gas heat exchanger into the solution collector. The unevaporated part of the liquid ammonia also goes there. Continuing its movement in the absorber, the ammonia-saturated steam-hydrogen mixture in the process of absorption gives up the ammonia obtained in the evaporator to a weak ammonia-water solution, which flows merging from top to bottom.After removing a significant part of ammonia and reducing its specific gravity, the steam-hydrogen mixture becomes lean, is displaced from the absorber by an inflow saturated with a heavier gas mixture from the evaporator and enters the regenerative heat exchanger, where it is cooled by the saturated steam-hydrogen mixture from the evaporator. The cooled lean steam-hydrogen mixture enters the evaporator. The ammonia-water solution, enriched with ammonia in the absorber, is drained into the solution collector, and then into the solution heat exchanger, where it is heated by the weak ammonia-water solution returning from the generator. The heated saturated ammonia water solution enters the thermosyphon.The processes in the refrigeration unit are continuous. Boiling in the generator is accompanied by the absorption of heat from the electric heater, the solution boils and ammonia-water vapor is formed. The heat in the refrigerating chamber is absorbed by the refrigerant (ammonia) through the developed, ribbed surface of the evaporator.The intensity of heat release from the refrigerant into the environment in the condenser and absorber is provided by a developed heat exchange surface and is achieved, respectively, by ribbing and by increasing the length of the pipe. Due to the continuity of the refrigeration cycle in the refrigerating chamber of the refrigerator, a low temperature is achieved and set with the described refrigeration unit.In some designs of household absorption-diffusion refrigerators, a hydrogen accumulator is present, which serves as a collector of hydrogen and gaseous ammonia and stabilizes the operation of the refrigeration unit in the event of an increase in ambient temperature, contributing to the maintenance of a constant refrigeration effect.The required operating mode of the refrigeration unit is determined by the design and dimensions, as well as by the charge parameters (concentration of ammonia water solution, hydrogen pressure) and is set depending on the ambient temperature and the operating mode of the thermosyphon heater.

1. Become familiar with the operation diagram of the absorption refrigeration machine. Determine the basic elements of AXM. Track the movement of refrigerant and absorbent in devices and pipelines. Compare with the schematic diagram of a vapor compression refrigeration unit.2. Become familiar with the operation diagram of the absorption-diffusion refrigeration machine. Compare its structure and cycle of work with the previous scheme.3. Consider in detail the scheme of operation of the "Morozko-3M" refrigeration unit. Determine what elements the circuit consists of, and find these elements on a training bench, a computer model or a refrigeration circuit with sections.Content of the report1. Sketch a diagram of an absorption refrigeration machine.2. Describe the components of the absorption refrigeration machine to give an explanation of the processes taking place in them.3. To highlight the main distinctive features of the absorption-diffusion refrigeration machine.Frequent malfunctions of the refrigerator 3m white:

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The prices for the repair of refrigerators are made up of the cost of work and the cost of spare parts. Spare parts have different prices for different brands and models, and even for the same brand, the cost may be different. It all depends on the model and region of production of the refrigerator.

Refrigerator repair is a complex process that rarely turns out to be carried out correctly due to the lack of the necessary knowledge. The device may stop cooling or begin to freeze up, make gurgling sounds, or simply not turn on. Often, owners try to repair the device on their own, referring to specialized literature. A positive outcome of do-it-yourself repairs is not excluded, but the process can take a long time. In addition, repair work can be carried out independently if the warranty on the purchased product has expired.

If the refrigerator breaks down under warranty, the user knows what to do. He carries the equipment to the service center, where the specialists solve the problem. If the unit cannot be repaired, it will be replaced with a new, similar model. But if the owner tried to fix the refrigerator before contacting the service, the right to warranty service automatically loses its validity.

“Temperature problems” are the most common. The device may start to build up with ice or, conversely, leak. Each of the types of breakdowns has its own causes and options for elimination.

Zanussi ZRB38212WA - guarantee from the Italian manufacturer

If a "snow coat" was seen on the walls of the refrigerator, do not panic. Why does the refrigerator freeze up? Most likely you are faced with a device equipped with a drip defrost system. In this case, a breakdown may be present in one of the units of the device. Do not beat off the frozen mass by hand - this will only aggravate the situation.First of all, check if the frost sensor is set to maximum during particularly hot seasons. This mode can overload the refrigeration motor and cause malfunction. To understand where the refrigerator temperature is set, you need to know its model and year of manufacture. Modern refrigerators are equipped with a defrosting system, and some of them are equipped with a special electronic display on which the parameter is regulated. Older models have a regulator inside the refrigerator compartment. Sometimes the device may show the wrong temperature or lose the ability to regulate it. In such cases, they talk about a breakdown of the thermostat, which signals the refrigerator about insufficient temperature. To remedy the situation, a failed thermal sensor needs to be replaced.

This part can be purchased online. In a specialized store where you can buy a new thermostat for the refrigerator, they will help you choose the right model and tell you how to install this component correctly.

Alternatively, the uneven distribution of frozen ice in the refrigerator compartment, which often accumulates in the corner, may be the result of a freon leak. In such cases, the cooling capacity is significantly reduced, and the motor starts to work an order of magnitude more intensively. To fix the breakdown, you should find the place of the leak, and then refill the freon into the unit. In the event that the leak is localized in the evaporator, it also requires replacement.

The reasons for the formation of water in the device can be different and depend on the place of the leak. To understand what to do if the refrigerator is leaking, take a close look at the device. If moisture has accumulated inside the appliance (for example, in trays), this is most often due to a clogged drain hole through which condensation must be removed. Clogged drainage is a rather serious problem, ignoring which you can provoke a freon leak. You can clean the mentioned part of the refrigerator by removing particles of food or packaging from it using a special brush or other available means.

If moisture regularly appears under the device, a breakdown may lie in the container for the accumulation of condensate, which is attached above the refrigeration compressor. If you find a puddle under the refrigerator, inspect the mentioned container: if it has cracks or chips on it, you will need to replace the part. Also, the refrigerator may leak due to the drying out of the sealing gum. Where can you buy a sealing gum to vacuum the refrigerator? Today, such parts are sold in specialized stores, the main thing is to know the model of your device.

The reason that the refrigerator works, but does not freeze, is also a freon leak. You can understand that the refrigerant is leaking by opening the refrigerator and touching its back wall. This area is hot during normal operation. If this part of the device is cold, it is necessary to look for a crack through which the substance evaporates. Another reason for such a functioning of the refrigerator is the clogged system of the refrigeration unit. To resume work, it is pushed through with a hydraulic tool and washed using a special device - a capillary tube. Also, the refrigerator may need to replace the drying filter or compressor motor. However, the problem is not always so serious, often the refrigerator door itself is faulty, namely the already familiar hydraulic gasket. To understand how to repair the refrigerator door in this place, read the corresponding instructions:

Identifying the problem. Is the cause of the breakdown really a worn gasket? To find out, take a regular sheet of paper and insert it between the spacer and the device. In the event that the sheet is easily removed easily, the gasket really needs to be replaced;
Purchase a new gasket from your company store.Make sure the part fits your device;
Get the correct gasket temperature. To do this, leave it in the kitchen near the refrigerator;
Remove the old pad the next day. Clean the place to which it was attached;
Slide the new part over the door and secure it with a special sealant.

There are other problems that do not affect the operation of the device, but can be unpleasant for the owner. For example, owners often ask themselves the question: what to do if the refrigerator creaks? If the sealing gum was previously replaced, the reason may lie in the door hinges. You can try to tighten them if they are loose. To do this, remove the special protective caps and use a suitable screwdriver. If the door of the device continues to creak even after such manipulations, most likely the worn out hinges must be replaced.