In detail: do-it-yourself repair of water pumps from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.
Pumping equipment can solve many problems that arise when arranging a private house. With the help of such devices, they provide water supply to the house, carry out drainage, increase the pressure in the existing water supply lines. An equally important role is played by the electric pump in industry, where large volumes of materials are transported with its help.
But, no matter how high-quality and functional the unit is, if it is used incorrectly, it quickly becomes unusable. And if there is no money for qualified assistance, you will have to repair the pumps yourself.
Incorrect operation of the pumping device or complete cessation of its functioning are the result of failure of individual units of the apparatus. In this case, the repair of the pump will consist in the replacement of non-working components. The complexity of this action lies in the fact that the modern market has a wide variety of pumping equipment and each device assumes an individual design. Therefore, the repair of the device depends entirely on the type of device.
Types of pumping equipment
The main types of household pumping equipment include:
borehole pump for water;
water drainage unit;
pumping stations based on surface electric pumps.
Among industrial units without special skills, only 2 types of devices can be repaired on their own:
water ring apparatus VVN;
mud pump.
In accordance with each type of apparatus, separate algorithms for repair work are distinguished. In general, it should be remembered that if the motor block of the device has succumbed to damage, and there are no skills to work with the winding and contact groups, it is better to send the device to a service. Also, before starting the repair robot or maintenance, the pump unit is disconnected from the electrical network and removed from the source.
Video (click to play).
Regardless of the type, the well water pump has a cylindrical elongated body made of steel or cast iron. The pipeline is fixed on it at the top. In this case, the engine can be located both at the top and at the bottom of the unit. This type of electric pump is designed for the intake of liquid from a great depth. Often with a high level of abrasive substances in the water. Therefore, it should be remembered that it is much easier to prevent damage by periodically cleaning and checking the machine.
If, nevertheless, malfunctions have arisen, the beginning of any work is to correctly diagnose the problem. At the same time, even if thoughts arise about what exactly is broken, the entire device should be carefully examined for minor problems.
Cleaning the borehole pump
First of all, for borehole water pumps, it is necessary to check if the overload caused the shutdown. This is done in two stages:
The junction box is disassembled. To do this, first loosen the screws on the housing. Further, the working chamber is separated. And after that, the cover is removed from the engine compartment.
Next, there is a check of all components, including the motor winding and fuses, for traces of combustion and a corresponding smell. If the winding is damaged, it will have to be replaced with a similar one.
Also, it will not be superfluous during a preliminary inspection to examine the cable of the device for damage. The contacts at the point of connection with the motor are especially carefully examined.If damage is found, it is necessary to replace either the entire cable or the damaged section, carefully insulating the connection.
One of the common problems of downhole equipment is breakdown, when the pressure either weakens, or the device works, and the water does not flow at all. This is a consequence of working in wells with a high sand content. In this case, there can be three reasons:
The service valve is out of order. In this case, in addition to the fact that water does not pass, water hammer is also possible, which damages the units.
The filter in the intake holes is clogged. If the device is located close to the bottom, a large amount of abrasives can pass through the suction holes and gradually clog the channel.
The impeller is damaged or deformed. In this case, you can try to align the blades, and put a better filter on the inlet.
If, upon inspection, damage to the electromagnet is revealed, then in this case the water pumps cannot be repaired by hand. They can only be repaired and adjusted in the workshop.
Drainage pumps are used to drain reservoirs with dirty water, as well as drainage from flooded premises. Such devices are made of plastic, steel or cast iron (industrial versions). As a rule, they are installed on the bottom of the source on special stands in a vertical position. They are characterized by high throughput.
Such devices are designed to work in difficult conditions, where the load on the working units is quite large. Therefore, malfunctions are not uncommon. There are 2 main signs of improper operation of the device: a complete lack of action on the part of the device or the hum of the engine is heard, but there is no pressure.
How to remove the impeller from the drain pump
In the first case, the reasons may be as follows:
due to sudden and frequent voltage surges, the capacitor on the electric motor burned out;
the float mechanism in a narrow block caught on one of the walls, while being in a position below the extreme switch-on point;
with voltage drops, the winding burned out;
the impeller blades are clogged with solid inclusions.
If the device hums but does not perform work, the reason may be the following:
one of the sections of the power cable is frayed or burned out;
the rod inside the apparatus has been loose or completely broken;
the non-return valve is damaged, as a result of which water does not pass into the working chamber and further into the water supply.
Of course, this list is far from complete, but more complex problems can only be identified in service centers using the appropriate equipment. In addition, even of the listed malfunctions without equipment, it will hardly be possible to solve even half of the problems.
It is possible to clean the impeller. For this, the fasteners on the case are loosened, and its cover is removed. It is advisable not to remove the wheel itself, but if the pollution is too serious, it must be done. Only first you need to drain the oil from the reservoir, which is located directly behind the impeller. Then all the sand, stones and dirt are cleaned out, after which the mechanism is assembled back.
It is also quite possible to change the cable yourself. In order to find the damaged area, the pump turns on and we try to squeeze the segments with our fingers. Where the electric pump works, there is a gap. If the gap is in the area near the motor, then the device will have to be disassembled. In this case, you will have to unscrew the three fixing bolts and a washer. Then the wire is cut above the damaged area, inserted and fixed again.
In some moments, it is also possible to replace the capacitor. But as for the winding, check valve or broken stem, repairing household pumps is not possible here.
Such a pump for increasing the pressure of water is used to supply water to private houses.In the course of improper installation or use, a number of malfunctions can occur that can affect the operation of the device. So, for example, the unit can operate, but water does not flow into the line.
There may be 2 reasons: valve breakage, lack of liquid in the working chamber. Repair of the water pump consists in filling the entire volume of the working chamber with liquid or in replacing the check valve. In this case, the check valve for individual models can be made from rubber yourself. For reliability, it is also advisable to check all joints of the pipeline, since they can cause a drop in pressure in the line.
Pump station impeller repair
Also, one of the consequences of a pumping station breakdown may be a jerky liquid supply. This phenomenon most often occurs when the hydraulic tank is damaged. Features of pump repair in this case are to check the integrity of the membrane. If water comes out when the nipple is pressed, the rubber membrane must be replaced. If there is visible damage to the battery, it should be repaired with a sealant. It is also advisable to pump up the tank pressure to a value of 1.8 bar using an air pump.
Also, the station may not turn on due to a breakdown of the pressure switch. In this case, a complete replacement of the block will help.
VIDEO VVN liquid ring units are used for pumping out contaminated gases and vapors, cleaning them and supplying them to a pipeline or tank. In comparison with household appliances, the design of such a unit is already more complicated, which means that it is more difficult to repair a water ring pump. And yet, certain faults can be removed by yourself:
Insufficient vacuum. It is a consequence of loosening of the shaft fastenings or damage to the stuffing box seal. The problem is solved by tighter fixing of the nuts or by replacing a damaged oil seal.
Jerky operation of the device or frequent shutdowns. This problem usually occurs when the liquid level in the working chamber is low. It is thanks to the liquid that the gas is pumped. In this case, it is necessary to replenish the stock through a special hole.
The performance of the unit drops sharply. In this case, most likely, the units of the device are clogged with dirt, dust or fine sand. In this case, the installation is disabled. All water is discharged through the corresponding throat. After that, the device is blown with compressed air masses from the cylinder. If the procedure does not help, the device is disassembled and cleaned manually.
There are several situations in which mud pumps are still subject to self-repair:
The unit is running, but not supplying fluid to the line. The reasons for this are 2. Either the line sections are not tightly connected, or the suction head is set too high. The solution is to reduce the distance from the device to the fluid reservoir, check all line joints for leaks.
In the event of more serious deviations in the operation of the drilling rigs, or if the cause of the breakdown is unknown, it is strongly recommended to contact a qualified technician.
The pumping station sucks proud!
Yes that's right. For 5 years now I have had a hydraulic system in a private house. In the basement floor under the house there is a capacity of 100 liters, (enough), a water flow sensor (TVO, 6), a pressure switch, a TAIFU booster pump, check valves, a valve for blocking water pressure differences. The elements are basically the ones that are discussed in this thread. Everything is simple and not expensive really.
And the principle of work is as follows. 1 stage of the system. When the water pressure drops after the water flow sensor, it turns on the booster pump, pumps up the pressure to 2.5 atmospheres, and turns off the pump. The second stage of the system. If the water pressure from the city mainline drops to 1 atmosphere, the water pressure drop blocking valve opens the water outlet from the 100 liter container. (valve for blocking water pressure differences), I chose from a fairly reliable principle of operation.As long as there is pressure in the city hydraulic main, at least up to 1 atmosphere, this pressure is retained - it presses the valve flap against the rim of the brass cylinder, and water from a 100 liter container cannot flow out, and water from the city main cannot flow into the tank either.
The water pressure switch in question in this post is triggered by this low pressure of 1 atmospheres, and turns on the same TAIFU booster pump, which, starting to pump water from a 100 liter container, pumping the pressure to 2 atmospheres, opens the pump contacts, it turns off. Thus, if somewhere in the house a tap or shower is opened. the pump turns on and runs, pumping out water from the tank. As soon as the water flow stops, the pump builds up the pressure to the desired rate and turns off. ((Neighbors in the summer heat suffer from lack of water, but we have enough capacity for three days and wash and drink, all that. (Filters are). 100 liter tank - plastic. Water flow sensor contacts are connected in parallel to the water pressure sensor, adjusted to coordinated work.Check valves are in the break in the water riser, and they are needed so that water does not flow back into the inch pipe of the riser when the city water is turned off and to create the required pressure by the booster pump. empty 100 liter tank through (a simple ingenious solution in my opinion), a device that is used in toilet cisterns.
I took my Grundfos SL-10 in Dominor. Everyone liked the store, and the assortment, and prices, and service. Recommend.
Gnome 25-20 has been working for me for almost three years. Although they say that vibration pumps break down quickly enough, I have not observed any breakdowns during the entire period of operation.
I have a submersible pump from Grundfos with a remote control panel. I can say that it is very convenient - I turn on the water supply from the well without even leaving my house.
Modern features of power grids, as well as water supply networks, violation of operating rules, negative environmental factors lead to premature failure of water pumping equipment. Having found defects and malfunctions in the operation of the unit, it is not necessary to make a radical replacement. In some situations, it is possible to repair pumps at home.
If the breakdown is not serious, it is quite possible to repair it yourself, otherwise it is better to contact the nearest service center.
When using hydraulic equipment, prompt and timely detection of units and parts that need repair is of great importance. Diagnostics is an effective and simple method for identifying such parts without dismantling. It allows for indirect parameters to determine the performance of the elements of pumps for water. These indirect parameters of hydraulic structures are considered, for example, the frequency spectrum of vibration or noise of the hydraulic system during operation.
Vibration pump device
The performance of the devices is assessed by the failure of several or one main operating parameter to be out of tolerance. For pumping equipment, such parameters are pressure pulsation and performance, for servo spools - flow in the neutral position of the oil, for reversible spools - leaks, for safety valves - minimum flow. The following components are most susceptible to aging and wear:
spools, plungers;
seals;
movable mates;
springs when the number of operating cycles is exceeded.
Common causes of water pump failure include:
pressure surges in the hydraulic system;
contaminated water with solids content exceeding the established limit;
incorrect selection of materials for rubbing pairs;
contact fatigue;
uneven thermal expansion of materials;
erosion and cavitation wear;
hydraulic entrapment;
making mistakes when installing the unit;
work in modes other than the regulated ones (operation in "dry" mode);
improper fastening of the cable connection;
damage to bearings;
air ingress into the flow path;
impeller blocking, shaft oxidation and others.
Some breakdowns occur as a result of malfunctions in the pressure switch, engine, lack of a filter. An increase in heat generation in the hydraulic system often leads to an accident as a result of jamming of moving parts. Stabilization of the temperature of the pumped medium increases the durability of the pumps, reliability, and extends the overhaul cycle.
Most often, the owners of water equipment complain about the following malfunctions:
The power cord is damaged.
The water pressure has dropped, does not match the pump power.
The water supply has stopped.
When starting the electric pump "knocks out" the electrician.
High pressure pump motor does not start.
The pumping equipment switches itself off.
There was a hum, strong vibrations.
Overheating of the device.
Leakage of liquid inside the device.
There are problems with the control system.
Do-it-yourself repair of household models intended for the water supply system is carried out when it is possible to replace a broken part and the necessary spare parts are available, when it is easy to perform technical procedures, for example, to clean the unit. Pump repair always begins with disassembling the casing. The next step is diagnostics, which allows you to find a faulty part and select an identical one.
Available actions are: replacing the condenser, float, impeller, repairing the electrical cable, removing suspended particles that have entered with water, fixing the shock absorber.
First, a number of pre-repair measures common to all types of water pumps should be carried out:
Pull out the pump carefully. Carefully examine and study the constituent elements of the equipment.
Check the presence / absence of damage to the case, whether there is dirt or corrosion centers.
If the pump starts, listen to its operation, the detected side sound may indicate a defect. Extraneous noise indicates mechanical failure.
Turning off the machine and the pumping system as a whole often indicates a banal overload. Therefore, it is necessary to disassemble the junction box and make a visual inspection of the inside. A part that has overheated is visible to the naked eye, and a burning smell is also noticeable.
If the cause of the failure by this stage is not clear, the impeller is removed from the pump motor in order to check in which state the motor itself rotates - free or not. An attempt is made to manually scroll the structure shaft. If it does not rotate, it is probably a motor jam.
Do not forget about the position: before disassembling, the upper part of the electric motor must be vertical. Failure to do so will inevitably lead to oil leakage, which is the working fluid of the pumps. After installation, the cover is removed through which the power cables pass. After, using an ohmmeter, the starting capacitor is diagnosed.
Circulation pump device
An ohmmeter allows you to check the resistance of the working and starting windings. For this purpose, the terminals of the measuring device are connected to the winding, the handle rotates. You should not worry about the state of the winding if the ohmmeter shows resistance that does not reach infinity. Otherwise, the problem lies in the loss of the motor phase. Too little resistance is a "messenger" of turn-to-turn closure. In all of the above problems, the repair of the water pump should be carried out by a specialist.
A pump for increasing water pressure has its own characteristic defects: cracks in the cover, housing, and suction nozzle, cracks, wear of the shaft, bearings, wear of wheel blades, corrosion damage. Cracks and fistulas in the pump cover and casing are eliminated by welding them, or by replacing parts with new ones. Shaft journals for bearings are restored by chrome plating or chrome plating. In this case, the liner bushings (sleeve bearings) are exclusively replaced.
If minor corrosion damage is found, deburring is required. The same is done in the case of erosive wear of the wheel blades. If the pump for increasing the water pressure has deep sinks, they are welded. The impeller fit is restored by building up a seat on the shaft using an electrolytic method or an elastomer.
At the end of the repair of the wheel and shaft, they are assembled and statistically balanced, the runout of the shaft journals (the norm is 0.02 mm), the end and radial runout of the wheel (0.04 mm) are checked. At the time of assembly of the pumping equipment, gaskets for sealing and stuffing box packing are replaced in the section of the cover and body connector. Then you need to adjust the gap between the wheel and the body from 2 sides (permissible value is 0.07 mm). Finally, check the rotation of the pump rotors, which should be without jamming. When aligning with an electric motor, do not forget to comply with the norms for kink and displacement, in accordance with the type of coupling.
Repair of VVN pumps is extremely rare. The components and parts of the device do not come into contact with each other, and the working fluid lubricates them, which increases the pump's resource and extends its service life. However, VVN also has malfunctions. Start by assessing the nature of the breakdown. In many cases, the normal functioning of the pump is impaired by insufficient vacuum generation. A similar defect appears when excess air flow enters the inside of the structure of the vacuum water ring electric pump through loose seals, worn out oil seals.
Repair of liquid ring vacuum pump
During operation, make sure that the oil seals and the O-ring are in good condition, as their failure causes serious problems and the threat of damage to the entire mechanism. It is necessary to tighten all nuts and screws, replace the old seals.
A detected imbalance in the pump operation indicates a lack of water. Turn off the unit and add more liquid inside. Contamination of the internals of the device causes a decrease in performance, which is restored by blowing the pump dry with compressed air. If the actions did not lead to the expected result, you will have to carry out a complete disassembly and cleaning of each component.
If the wheel turns incorrectly, check the operation of the electric motor, shaft alignment. If the engine burns out, as evidenced by the release of a burnt odor, it must be replaced. If there are no problems with the engine, simply align the impeller, lubricate or replace the bearings.
VIDEO Submersible pumps have to work in difficult conditions. They are constantly exposed to water, vibration, low temperature, abrasive particles, etc. But despite the fact that the units are made from parts with a large margin of safety, various malfunctions appear in them over time. To repair water pumps with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with the main symptoms that indicate certain breakdowns in the equipment.
If malfunctions are noticed in the operation of a submersible pump, then it does not always need to be removed from the well for inspection. This recommendation only applies to pumping stations where pressure switch installed ... It is because of him that the device may not turn on, not turn off or create a poor water pressure. Therefore, first the operability of the pressure sensor is checked, and only after that, if necessary, the pump is removed from the well.
Important! In the case of submersible pumps that operate without accumulators, they should always be removed from the mine at the slightest sign of failure.
It will be easier to diagnose water pump malfunctions if you first familiarize yourself with the most common failures of this unit.
The reasons that the pump does not work may be the following.
Electrical protection tripped ... In this case, disconnect the machine from the mains and turn the machine back on. If it knocks out again, then the problem should not be looked for in the pumping equipment. But with the normal switching on of the machine, do not plug the pump into the network anymore, you must first find the reason why the protection worked.Blown fuses ... If, after replacing, they burn out again, then you need to look for the cause in the power cable of the unit or in the place where it is connected to the mains.Cable damage has occurred under water. Remove the device and check the cord.Dry-running protection of the pump has tripped ”. Before starting the machine, make sure it is immersed in liquid to the required depth.Also, the reason that the device does not turn on may lie in the improper operation of the pressure switch installed in the pumping station. It is necessary to adjust the starting pressure of the pump motor.
There can also be several reasons that the device does not pump water.
Shut-off valve closed ... Turn off the device and slowly open the tap. In the future, you should not start the pumping equipment with a closed valve, otherwise it will fail.The water level in the well has dropped below the pump ... It is necessary to calculate the dynamic water level and immerse the device to the required depth.Stuck check valve ... In this case, it is required to disassemble the valve and clean it, if necessary replace it with a new one.Clogged intake filter ... To clean the filter, the hydraulic machine is removed and the filter mesh is cleaned and washed.Also, the decrease in performance causes:
partial clogging of valves and gates installed in the water supply system;
partially clogged riser pipe of the apparatus;
depressurization of the pipeline;
incorrect adjustment of the pressure switch (applies to pumping stations).
This problem occurs if the submersible pump works in tandem with a hydraulic accumulator ... In this case, frequent starts and stops of the unit can be provoked by the following factors:
the pressure in the hydraulic tank has dropped below the minimum (by default it should be 1.5 bar);
there was a rupture of the rubber bulb or diaphragm in the tank;
the pressure switch is not working properly.
If you notice that the water from the tap does not flow in a constant stream, then this is a sign of a decrease in the water level in the well below the dynamic ... It is necessary to lower the pump deeper if the distance to the bottom of the shaft allows this.
If the pump is humming, and water is not pumped out of the well, then there may be several reasons:
there was a "sticking" of the impeller of the apparatus with its body due to long-term storage of the apparatus without water;
defective motor start capacitor;
the voltage in the network sank;
the impeller of the pump is stuck due to dirt collected in the housing of the apparatus.
If the automation does not work, the pump will work without stopping, even if excessive pressure is created in the hydraulic tank (seen from the pressure gauge readings). It's all the fault pressure switch out of order or incorrectly adjusted.
VIDEO
During the operation of pumps from different manufacturers, it was noticed that some brands of devices are often subject to the same breakdowns.It follows from this that these models of units have their own distinctive features in terms of the occurrence of malfunctions.
Pumps "Aquarius" have overheating predisposition , especially if they work in shallow wells. If a cheap model breaks down, its repair costs about 50% of the cost of a new device. If the device is out of order, it is easier to throw it away than to repair it.
Most of the models of this manufacturer have valve system ... There is also a special thermal insulation around the engine. Sometimes pump malfunctions occur due to the failure of the listed parts. Since the thermal insulator is located around the engine, it will need to be removed from the housing for repairs.
Devices "Malysh" are products of domestic manufacturers. The cost of repairing units of this brand is not high, and the owners of the devices eliminate most of the breakdowns with their own hands. The main failure often encountered in this pump is loud noise when operating the hydraulic machine without pumping out the liquid. This behavior of the apparatus means that there has been a rupture of the central axis holding the armature and the membrane.
The engine in pumps of vortex and rotary type "Dzhileks" is oil-filled. Therefore, a frequent breakdown of these units is leaking oil from the engine ... It can only be refilled at a service center.
Important! Many on the Internet advise using transformer oil or ordinary glycerin instead of the original oil filler. Doing this is highly discouraged, of course, unless you have set yourself a goal to spoil the technique in an unusual way.
There is an opinion that the operation of the trickle drainage pumps can continue without interruption for 7 hours or more. This is explained by the peculiarity of their design, which meets all European standards. But despite this, the apparatus exposed to overheating as well as pumps from other manufacturers. Therefore, it is recommended to give it time to “rest” after every 2-3 hours of operation.
Owners of the pump for the "Markus" well sometimes notice that the device turns on only after a slight blow either on the pipe going to it, or after hitting the hydraulic machine itself. This malfunction is explained by “souring "impeller , which will have to be cleaned by disassembling the unit.
In the event of pump breakdowns requiring replacement of parts located inside its housing, disassembly of the unit will be required. The submersible pump consists of a compartment for the engine and a compartment with one or more impellers, the purpose of which is to capture water ... Below is a diagram of the device of that part of the centrifugal pump where the impellers are installed.
As you can see from the figure, the impellers are mounted on the unit shaft. The more there are, the higher the pressure generated by the pump. In the second compartment of the hydraulic machine is located rotary engine. It is located in a sealed case, and in order to open it, you need to know some of the nuances.
So, to go from theory to practice and disassemble the pump, follow these steps (depending on the manufacturer, the design of the unit may differ).
Unscrew the 2 screws holding the mesh of the device.
Video (click to play).
Remove the mesh and turn the motor shaft by hand. If it does not spin, then the problem may be located either in the engine compartment or in the pumping part of the apparatus.
First, you need to disassemble the pumping part of the device. Unscrew the 4 screws holding the power cable channel and detach it from the device body.
Next, unscrew the 4 nuts holding the pump flange.
Now that you know how the hydraulic machine is disassembled, you can try to repair the submersible pump with your own hands.
Mostly impeller blocking occurs due to clogging them with sand or dirt deposits on them. In addition, the impellers can be soldered together when a high temperature occurs in the unit, when the pump is idling (dry running). To repair this section of the unit, it is necessary to remove the impeller (s) and remove the accumulated dirt. If the impellers are damaged, they will need to be replaced with new ones.
It is not recommended to repair the pump motor on your own, since it requires special knowledge and the necessary equipment to diagnose this unit and subsequent repairs.
On some pump models, removing the motor will require pressing it out using special equipment. Replacing the oil seal and bearing also carried out at the service center.
If engine hums and won't start then the capacitor should be checked. It is located in the pump block in which the motor is mounted.
But when the shaft with the impellers rotates without problems, then in order to remove the hum in the water pump, you should disconnect the condenser and replace it with a new one. Better of course check this part with a multimeter , since similar symptoms can be caused by a short circuit in the motor windings.
The water pump motor is located in a special glass filled with oil, and by its condition it is possible to determine some breakdowns in the electric motor block.
The oil has a characteristic, unpleasant odor ... This means that the engine is still in working order, but it has been working with great overloads.Turbid oil - water has entered the engine housing due to a crack in the housing or failure of the oil seal (cuff).Black oil with an unpleasant odor ... In this case, we can say with great confidence that the varnish burned on the engine coils.Important! Normally, the oil should be clear. Its quantity is determined by the unit model. On average, the volume of oil poured into the chamber is at the level of 0.5 liters.
If, when opening the engine, the above changes in the quality of oil were noticed, then first you need to repair this unit, and only after that fill in new grease.
Everyone knows what is dissolved in water some gas ... When a liquid moves at a certain speed, rarefaction zones are sometimes formed in it. In these zones of reduced pressure, gas bubbles begin to emerge from the water. After the bubbles hit the high-pressure zone, they collapse. This process occurs with the release of a large amount of energy, from which the impellers and the pump volute are destroyed. The next photo shows the unit impeller destroyed by cavitation.
The energy of the collapsing bubbles is capable of creating shock waves causing vibration. It spreads throughout the entire unit and affects not only the impeller, but also the bearings, shaft and seals, from which these parts quickly become unusable.
The cavitation effect can most often be observed in pumping stations that work for suction. ... In such systems, the impeller creates a vacuum, due to which water rises through the hose from the well. But if there is a lack of liquid at the pump inlet, then an excessive vacuum occurs in the impeller zone, provoking cavitation.
Important! The most obvious signs of cavitation are vibration of pipes and the pump itself, as well as increased noise during its operation. If you do not take any measures to eliminate this process, then it can completely destroy the station.
To prevent cavitation in the pumps, you should adhere to the rule: there must be more water at the inlet than at the outlet. This can be achieved in several ways:
move the device a little closer to the source;
the diameter of the suction pipe (hose) can be increased;
to reduce the resistance in the suction section, the suction pipe can be replaced with a pipe made of smoother material;
if there are many turns on the suction pipe, then, if possible, their number should be reduced;
it is desirable that all bends have large turning radii.
VIDEO
How to repair a water pump
Do-it-yourself repair of a water pump often occurs during unexpected interruptions in the operation of the device. This may be due to wear and tear of the equipment during its long-term operation, contamination of the device.
Domestic pumps are divided into three main groups, which depends on the properties of the pumped liquid.
Drainage, designed for pumping not very dirty water, which can also be used to supply clean water, which makes the units versatile. Such devices can be used for pumping liquid from basements flooded with flood waters, or pumping water from a pool with their help.
Units supplying clean water are: surface, installed at some distance from the source of water, and suction occurs through a rigid hose or intake pipeline. Water can be sucked in from depths of up to 9 meters.
... submerged, partially or completely submerged in water and then fed upward. The depth of the liquid intake can be up to 100 meters. The absence of rubbing parts, constant water cooling, protects such units from overheating.
Sewerage devices are used to pump out household waste water that contains solid particles. By design, these are drainage pumps, but with a special wheel that is capable of chopping large pieces of dirt into smaller ones. Without such units, it is impossible to work cesspools in country cottages.Before purchasing the unit, it is necessary to clearly define for what purposes the equipment will be used:
Irrigation and watering of the personal plot. Household water supply. Drainage works. Use for a device in the heating system. Drainage of reservoirs. The intensity of operation of the unit is calculated, which depends on the volume of water required for needs.
It's not worth purchasing a model that has a low price. Be sure to carefully study the technical characteristics of the device, consumer reviews about it. The pump is designed for long-term operation, which indicates a long-term investment, and dismantling and then repairing or replacing the unit is very costly.
When studying the technical characteristics of the device, special attention is paid to the following:
is there a pump protection against "dry running" and possible overloads;
it is desirable that its parts are made of stainless steel, this will increase the service life of the product.
The requirements for the electrical network are taken into account, what voltage is required for its use.
Advice: When purchasing a water pump, you need to pay attention to the amount of permissible voltage deviation on the unit and the presence of protection of the electric motor from unexpected power surges in the system.
The principle of the device of all water pumps for a house or a summer residence is one, common. In the process of working, the device creates a vacuum inside itself, after which the liquid is drawn into the vacuum chamber from the reservoir, then it is pushed out with force and directed through the pipe to the destination.
The electromagnet is the main element. When an alternating voltage is applied to its windings, the element attracts the armature to itself, and after the polarity change, the armature again returns to its original position. The photo shows the device of a water pump for a summer residence.
Water pump device
Within one second, the anchor makes one hundred vibrations.
The piston connected to the armature vibrates the same number of times.
Water is an elastic medium, therefore vibrations cause it to vibrate, and excess water is pushed through the valve into the discharge pipe.
It is much easier to prevent any breakdown than to repair water pumps later.
Advice: Ideal if regular inspections and maintenance of the equipment are carried out. It should be performed at least once a year, and optimally twice, before the start of intensive exploitation in spring and in autumn after its completion.
The procedure for prophylaxis is as follows:
The pump is pulled out of the well. This process is not always easy, especially if the depth of the well is large enough and the weight of the equipment reaches 50 kilograms. The work must be done with an assistant.
After removing the pump from the source, all the components of the equipment are carefully examined.
It is checked that there is no damage to the case, the presence of contamination, and whether there are any foci of corrosion.
The pump starts up briefly and listens for its operation, any side sound may indicate a problem.
The likelihood of breakdowns can be significantly reduced by periodic monitoring of the operation of the unit and cleaning it from dirt.
Sand and silt on the pump indicate the need to pump the well, otherwise further silting may cause the pump to break down, which is unlikely to be eliminated.
VIDEO
Connection diagram of a water pump for supplying water to a house
Possible causes of breakdowns and methods of their elimination are indicated in the table:
