Burning and smoke from bread crumbs and slices is a common breakdown. They stick to the heating element and start to burn. The use of slightly dried bread and timely cleaning of the device will help prevent such a situation.
The first toasters were reminiscent of irons. Heating was monitored by the reaction of a bimetallic plate attached to the compartment. Sunbeam models were produced in 1952, will give a hundred points to fresh designs, they know how to throw away bread when they are ready, and they load it inside. It is worth placing a piece in the feed hole, after 5 minutes you get toasted slices. It looked just amazing - you are amazed. How to organize a toaster repair with your own hands, no matter what rarity visited the hands of the master. Let's talk, at the same time we will discuss the wonders of the world.
A rare toaster is equipped with a temperature sensor. Some function according to a timer program. The start occurs when the lever with toasts is lowered, the toaster finishes by the hour. There are two compartments inside, for one piece each. There are spiral heaters on both sides. In total, we get three things:
In the 1952 Sunbeam mentioned above, there are two vertical spirals from the edges, wrapping around ceramic rods. The central plate has little resemblance to the configuration of modern parts. Why was it not immediately possible to make fresh meat. Most likely, the matter is in the bimetallic plate located in the center. Here is the key information for those wishing to repair the toaster with their own hands. Indeed, the rarity looks fantastic!
In a toaster lying on the counter, a magnet acts as a lever latch. Devices are just darkness. There are normally closed, normally open structures:
Want to know the construction of a timer? A typical printed circuit board, the position of the regulators is transmitted by potentiometers, sets a fixed program with push buttons. Sensing the onset of a given event, a signal is generated that goes to the control elements of the magnets. In our opinion, the second mechanism is more economical in terms of energy consumption, however, the contacts are simply deformed, erased by prolonged use.
Below the working chamber is a tray for crumbs; small change often spills into the compartment of electronic components. The device needs to be disassembled and cleaned. The screws are located either under the rubber feet, or near the number of 4 pieces. The working compartment is formed by a single rectangular wall with a perimeter, a lid, and a bottom. Fastening is carried out with bending ears, easily turning in the desired direction with pliers. Heating plates are inserted into the bottom, roof. Contacts at the bottom. Get access by unscrewing the screws near the legs, removing the bottom of the toaster.
Each heating plate is provided with regularly spaced cutouts along the top, bottom edges. Nichrome (fechral) wire is laid linearly on both or one side. Considering where the plate is located. The wire looks glued, the authors are inclined to think: an amateur, if necessary, will wind it. The plates look quartz. Heat-resistant, of course.
Cooking is carried out by infrared radiation, convection. The spirals do not touch the bread, which is clamped by special grates-grippers. Toasted slices are a great addition to the table. The reasons for the breakdowns are explained by the violation of the instructions. If the paper gets inside, the heater wire will burn. Fixing your toaster won't be easy. Although you can impose a couple of "bugs".
Self-repair of toasters concerns magnets. Part of the device refuses to work. The process of repairing testers is bypassed by the ability to find a malfunction of a printed circuit board, to eliminate it. The design is devoid of capacitors: microcircuits plus resistors.
Identifying the problem is not difficult. The lever locking-releasing system refuses to work - check the power supply to the coils at the right times. The main malfunctions lie in the electronic filling; the mechanical parts of the heater are durable.
Brand toasters surprise with self-loading bread. We put a piece, the slices are swallowed, coming out ready-made. Marvelous. The internal mechanism is foreign to the standard toaster. The bracket is balanced by two spring mechanisms, one can be adjusted with a screw located on the lower plane of the compartment.
The two springs oppose each other. From the end, the structure of the mesh plus calipers resembles the letter Z. Under the lower edge there is a spring that lowers the mesh, a lifting mechanism is attached to the upper side, next to the temperature regulator of the bimetallic plate of the toaster's thermal relay. On the opposite side, the mechanism, when the bread is ready, pushes the structure up. With a loose state, no slices, the mesh does not drop down, held by a latch. The part will allow you to put bread inside, the unit itself is loaded, fried, unloaded back. It looks just wonderful.
Let's describe the work. The man puts bread in the cracks. The food presses on the locking bracket, the spring mechanism is released. The mechanism for raising the cage is disabled, the time has not come. The bracket begins to lower, presses the contact with the lever, which closes the power supply circuit of the heating elements. The toaster starts to glow orange and the baking process has started. The bracket descends smoothly, the precision start is determined by the precision of the spring adjustment. We will drag one, or the bread will refuse to come out at the end of the cycle, or it will be afraid to go down inside. The preload of the bimetallic plate (rather the staple) is regulated by the thermostat knob. It is necessary to adjust to the desired type of bread, not very convenient.
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A space is left between the vertical side spirals, resembling springs, through which the heat enters the vertically located bimetallic bracket. The temperature reaches the set temperature, a click is heard, opening the heating, at the same time the lifting device is activated. The bread slides briskly out of the toaster. The degree and quality of baking are determined by the correct regulation of the thermostat. The power supply to the heating plates is open. The toaster is ready for the new bread.
They guessed later: the wonderful mechanism is inconvenient when a large batch of bread is being baked. Because two pieces (even four) are not enough for a family. Until the appliance has completely cooled down, it will not be ready to accept a new portion. The spirals have considerable inertia, the steel body of the device catches up with the turns. Together they store heat, the secondary heating of the toaster will pass faster, which means that the bread will not be baked to the end. When reloading, the slices end up in a preheated environment and therefore cook a little faster. However, the factor cannot smooth out the first one. Therefore, we believe: in the conveyor mode, the adjustment will have to be made a little more stringent.
What can break in a Sunbeam toaster? You saw what we saw! Anything can break. However, the durability of the device is due to its simplicity from an electrical point of view. There is not a single resistor, capacitor, transistor, the electric branch of the toaster is reliable. The mechanical part will have to be tuned. The bimetal plate is durable. Toasters have been working for 60 years without showing signs of fatigue! Whether there are varieties for a voltage of 230 volts, we cannot say. I came across an American version. The device of the toaster is admirable!
from time to time you will have to deal with its maintenance or repair. For this you may need:
Phillips # 2 or # 3 screwdriver
slotted screwdriver with a slot width of 0.8 mm;
pliers 150 mm;
tweezers, it can come in handy for removing the springs and holding the fasteners.
in addition, you need a brush, a soft cloth.
To diagnose the operation of the electrical part, you need a multimeter (tester). Needless to say, there should be an instruction manual at hand.
Repair and maintenance work, you must begin with disconnecting the device from the network. And only after that you can start disassembling the case. After eliminating the defects that have arisen, the body must be assembled and you can start making toasts.
Important! there should be no unnecessary details! this is not a joke, a screw that is not screwed into place or a lock washer is not installed will sooner or later lead to the failure of the toaster!
You can find a toaster in almost any kitchen. Structurally, it consists of only a few parts:
handles;
toast holders;
latch;
Control block;
heating elements;
crumb tray.
Depending on the model of the toaster, the number of parts may vary up or down.
As a certain time elapses, the relay is activated, the heaters are turned off and the spring is activated, lifting the holders up. The toasts are ready.
During the preparation of toast, crumbs fall down from the surface of the crispbread. At first glance, there is nothing dangerous in them, but as they accumulate, they can interfere with the normal operation of the moving parts of the toaster. In addition, the crumbs can cause a fire.
Important! all maintenance and repair work on the toaster can only be carried out after disconnecting it from the mains.
Depending on the frequency of operation, crumbs accumulate in the case, for this it is necessary to put it on its side and gently sweep them out from the inside of the toaster with the same brush.
Important! shaking or banging the toaster on the table surface is prohibited. there is a risk that the heating elements could break.
There may be several reasons for this - faulty plug or fuse , to eliminate this defect, it is necessary to check the correctness of the plug connection and, if necessary, replace the blown fuse.
If this does not help, then it is likely that there is no electricity in the mains. That is, the automatic protection could work. In addition, the cord may break, it is quite possible that it will have to be replaced.
One of the reasons for the malfunctioning of the toaster may be either loose or burnt contacts. If soldered joints are used in the toaster, then it is better to entrust the work to eliminate this defect to a specialist in the workshop.
Oxidized or burnt contacts must either be cleaned or replaced with workable ones. With the latches turned on, the plates should be closed and there is no point in bending them to improve contact.
To clarify this issue, it is enough to remove the case and inspect it. Burned-out elements are immediately visible, but how much will the cost of replacing them be? Really, maybe buy a new toaster?
The burned-out spiral is also visible and it is better to replace it in the workshop.
When toast is burning, there are two likely reasons:
it may make sense to change the cooking mode;
it's time to remove the crumbs from the toaster.
The most common reason for the failure of mechanical things is all the same bread crumbs. They can stick to the guides or directly to the mechanism itself.
To gain access to the mechanical components of the toaster, you will have to disassemble it. There are models in which it is enough to remove the side panels to gain access to the mechanisms, but in some products it is possible to remove the entire case. Therefore, before proceeding with disassembly, you must carefully inspect the case and understand how to disassemble it. By the way, the handle of the slider that controls the movement of the toast holders can be removed either separately or together with the casing, this also applies to the button giving the command to fry.
After the interference has been removed and the mechanism works without interruption, the toaster can be reassembled.
When doing repair and maintenance work, simple safety precautions must be followed. Power off the toaster before servicing or repairing it.
It is necessary to constantly check the condition of the cord, it is unacceptable to get it on heating elements or in water. In some models, a place for laying the cord is provided in the case and it is advisable to put it there after making toast. If there are small children in the house, then after use, the device must be removed to a place inaccessible to them.
By the way, sometimes housewives, through an oversight, put bread packed in a plastic bag next to this appliance. Temperature may cause the package to melt and spoil the bread, or get on the toaster body.
The listed defects are typical for most models of these simple household appliances and their independent correction is not such a difficult matter.
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An ordinary toaster that does not have additional functions can be classified as household appliances that do not bring much trouble in the kitchen space. It's simple: the roasting program can be set with a timer, and the appliance will start working from the moment when the pieces of bread are dropped into it.
Classic toaster
Bread slices are baked under the influence of infrared radiation until the timer turns off. However, the basic principle of operation does not mean that the toaster will work for many years without breakdowns. However, many faults can be rectified by yourself. The material will consider options for eliminating simple breakdowns at home, without contacting specialists. Having followed the paragraphs describing the disassembly of the device, you can do the repair of the toaster yourself.
It will be useful to know that in addition to the timer and the start lever, the toaster has two compartments for bread, and inside it on both sides there are heating elements - nichrome spirals.
The cooking stop button can be considered a circuit breaker - you can stop cooking even before the timer goes off. Some toasters have a temperature sensor; without it, repairing will be easier. In total, the toaster has 3 heaters: central two-sided, right and left one-sided.
Initially, each housewife should make sure of the thickness of the bread being poured - thin slices can stop the lifting process if they are deformed during frying.
Failed commit could be the cause of toaster problems. By clicking on it, in response you can get not toasted pieces, but only the initial position of the lever. The solution may be a harder pressure or a constant hold in the working position. This happens due to the lack of electricity. Here you need to check not only the device, but also the fact that the outlet, plug and cord are working. Perhaps they are the root of failure, but the fuse may also burn out - it will not hurt to check it in any case. It is important to make sure that the plug is connected correctly and that the wire does not break.
It's another matter when bread crumbs can simply lie in the groove of the lever, which means that the toaster simply needs to be cleaned: you just need to turn the toaster over and shake it.
If the device does not function when you press the on lever, the reason is simple - there is no power. As in the case described above, you need to check the plug, socket and wiring areas.Oxidized contacts in the control circuit will prevent the flow of electricity. The contact points could simply be burned. You will need to open the case and pay attention to the circuitry and how they are soldered. In the position of the included latches, the plates should only be in the closed position; they should not be specially bent.
The use of soldered joints by the manufacturer immediately indicates that the malfunction cannot be eliminated on its own.
Among the breakdowns of toasters, situations are not uncommon when, after turning on and a few minutes of waiting, not a single slice of bread or another is fried at the exit. Everything is simple here: the point is a malfunction of one heater or all of them at once. Let's make a reservation right away: if the owner knows that instead of spirals there are glass heater tubes inside the appliance, it is useless to try to eliminate the cause of the malfunction on his own. But if you deal with the wire structure of the heating element, you can fix everything yourself. The spiral could break off or burn out - the plate is removed from the nichrome wire and is examined.
Broken nichrome wire
But all the parts that have burned out at some point are usually visible in electronic devices immediately.
It also happens that outwardly a rupture is not noticed, but the matter is in the heater, a method of measuring resistance is used with the involvement of a special technique - a multimeter. Wire breakage is indicated by zero. Next, the wire is leveled at the breakage point, twisted and a copper tube bandage is applied to it.
The regulator is of 2 types: electronic and mechanical. Mechanical is a bimetallic plate, the principle of operation of which lies in the command to open contacts at the end of the heating process. Such a plate may become unusable as a result of clogging. It turns out that you can fix everything with a simple method - clean it of dust and bread crumbs.
An electronic regulator is a variable resistor that regulates the timer operation. Its handle is located on the outside of the toaster, and if it does not turn, this is a sure sign that there are debris in the resistor. In addition, the operation of such a regulator can be stopped because there is no contact with the board. In this version, the wires are checked for strength and serviceability and the contacts are re-soldered.
Uncooked toast? A breakdown has occurred in the timer. But also the reasons why the toaster does not work can be called an excessively low temperature during the cooking process, and a skewed basket for slices of bread, and an incorrectly inserted roasting regulator. Accordingly, the elimination of the problem lies precisely in correcting the details: install a new regulator or simply correct its position, adjust the board and straighten the basket guides if there is mechanical damage.
The reason for poor-quality cooking may be the operation of a bimetallic switch. Try to turn the cooking intensity control knob to the increasing time position.
In the case when bread is baked from only one side, check the springs that bias the support grates of the basket. The springs can not only be shifted, but also broken. You can replace them yourself: remove the casing or the outer panels of the case to open access to the springs, which are located between the hooks on the inner metal island. Visually, you need to find those that are broken, out of order.
If there is a clear smell of burning from the toaster, keep in mind that this is most likely a clogged case due to the use of very soft baked goods. And if it is not the first time that the toast has begun to burn, it is worth revising the version of the mode in which it is fried. It is also a sure sign that more crumbs have accumulated in the pan.
When only one slice is baked.Manufacturers of some models of the device may initially indicate in the instructions which of the connectors must be used. An improperly chosen location can cause the latch to operate ahead of time.
When the mechanical latch is triggered very early on its own, there are sure signs of wear on the surface. Replacement may be too costly and it may be easier to buy a new electrical appliance.
When disassembling any electrical device, you need to make sure that it is disconnected from the mains. This rule will be no exception for repairing a toaster. It is completely switched off only when the lever is in the raised position, like the basket. As for the breaker, it is used precisely for the forced break of the power supply circuit of the electromagnet.
An electrical appliance turned on for operation is characterized by a heated heating element; slices of bread are placed in a movable basket to be baked. The striker plate holds the basket when the toaster is running, and when it is lowered, the contacts are closed by a wedge plate. The generated electromagnetic field acts on the striker plate, which will be attracted to the core - the basket will be locked and the timer will start.
So, to disassemble the toaster, you need to proceed as follows:
turn the toaster upside down and remove the crumb tray;
gently remove the lever handle, which usually lowers the basket with slices of bread;
all the screws at the bottom are unscrewed;
you need to move the walls apart and you can completely remove the tray, after which the walls are removed;
the next step is to squeeze out the petals;
at the final stage, the plate is removed with a heating element.
After that, be sure to remove the remnants of the bread from the guides and the lifting mechanism.
When searching for the cause of a malfunction, it is always necessary to allocate a separate place and time for examining the electronic filling. And if you can't find and repair one, you will have to take the toaster for repair.
Few people in the morning before leaving for work will refuse to feast on sandwiches made of aromatic bread toast baked in toasters. This breakfast will cheer up anyone! However, toasters are also short-lived. They need to be looked after, regularly serviced. Although the toaster is reliable and easy to use due to its simple design, it can break if misused. At home, it is quite possible to repair the toaster with your own hands, if you know its internal structure, the principle of operation and the main malfunctions.
Any toaster is simple and is a small electric oven. As for the classic toaster, inside the closed case there are slots for slices of bread ... They are placed in a movable basket, which is lowered inward, where heating takes place through a spiral. The toaster does not throw away the bread until the timer goes off.
The diagram of the toaster is shown below:
Lever arm regulates the lowering of the basket with slices, and also turns on the appliance itself.Nichrome spiral acts as a heating element that heats up the slices of bread.Stop button is a breaker. With it, you can stop the device at any time before the expiration of the set cooking time.Lock. Working position of the appliance:
The heating element (nichrome spiral), which is directly involved in baking bread, is heated.
Slices are placed in a movable basket, and it is in this basket that they are baked.
The basket is held in place by the striker plate while the slices are baked.
When the basket is lowered, the contacts are closed using a wedge-shaped plate.
After pressing the lever, the bread basket is lowered. At the same time, pushing with a wedge-shaped plate occurs spring contacts (9). They are closed, which leads to the start of the control circuit, electromagnet and heating coils. Due to the generated electromagnetic field, the striker is attracted to the core, the basket is locked, and the timer starts.
The bread is baked using infrared rays until the timer turns off. After that, the control circuit will give a command to remove power from the electromagnet, the lock will release the basket, and with the help of a spring it will rise with the slices of bread outward. Then the spring contacts will open and turn off the heating coil.
Below we will look at typical toaster malfunctions and their causes.
It happens that when you press the lever, it does not lock and returns to its original position. To fix it, you need to press the lever more than once or constantly hold it. This problem occurs due to the lack of power to the toaster. It is necessary to check the serviceability of the socket, plug, cable. Perhaps there is a break somewhere or the cable is pinched. If there is a damaged wire, it should be replaced. You also need to check the fuse and replace it if necessary.
Another reason - lack of power for the electromagnet ... As a result, the basket is not fully pressed down. In this case, you need to set the middle position on the regulator. Also, the lever may simply become clogged and, because of this, not reach the desired position. Way out: clean the cavity from the remnants of bread, turn the device over and shake it gently.
Does the toaster not turn on when you press the lever? This may be due to a power outage. Again, you need to check the plug, socket, wire for serviceability. Also, these problems arise due to oxidized contacts on the control diagram. Therefore, you need to remove the device case and carefully examine the circuit. You may need to re-solder the contacts.
If, after turning on the toaster and fixing the basket, the spiral does not heat up, most likely the heater itself is faulty.
It should be noted that only specialists can help if there are glass heating tubes in the device.
If there is wire heating element you can act independently. It may have broken off or burned out. In this case, you need to remove the plate from the nichrome wire and carefully examine it.
If you cannot visually find the breakage point, you can measure the resistance using a tester. If there is a break, the tester reading will be at zero. How to repair such a breakdown? It is necessary to align the wire at the breaks, twist it, and also apply a bandage, which can be a copper tube.
These regulators are electronic and mechanical. As for the mechanical regulator, it is bimetallic plate ... Its principle of operation is to open the contacts after heating. Plate breakage can result from clogging. Therefore, in order to repair the device, you need to disassemble the mechanism and clean it of bread crumbs.
As for the electronic type regulator, it is variable resistor and adjusts the timer. The regulator handle is outside. If you cannot turn it, then debris has got into the resistor. Also, it may not work due to the lack of contact with the board. In this case, you need to check the wires for serviceability and re-solder the contacts.
The problem arises from an incorrectly working timer, a cooking temperature that is too low, a skewed bread basket, an incorrectly set frying regulator. A number of problems can be solved by correctly installing the regulator, adjusting the board, straightening the guides of the baskets in case of mechanical damage.
If there is a burnt smell, then the problem is most likely due to clogging or the use of too soft bread. ... The toaster and basket need to be cleaned.
First of all, you need to make sure that the device is disconnected from the mains. Then you should proceed step by step.
The toaster turns over, pulling out the tray where the crumbs accumulate.
The handle that lowers the bread basket is removed.
The device is turned over, all screws are unscrewed.
The walls are moved apart, the tray is completely removed, then the walls are removed.
The petals are wrung out.
The plate with the heating element is removed.
In conclusion, it should be noted that disassembling a toaster with your own hands is a fairly simple job. In addition, several videos on a given topic can be found on the Internet. And so that there are fewer problems with this device, it is better to buy toasters from trusted companies, such as Tefal or Bosch.
Video (click to play).
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