Of great importance for ensuring optimal pressure in the combustion chamber is the absence of signs of wear on the piston housing and piston rings. The normal functioning of the chainsaw engine largely depends on this.
It is possible to find out the degree of wear of the parts only after removing the piston group from the engine. The rings themselves should be tight enough and at the same time sit freely on the piston. The presence or absence of wear on the piston and rings can be verified experimentally. To do this, the piston inserted into the cylinder should be shaken slightly in different directions. Excessive piston free travel is most likely indicative of wear.
To eliminate this defect, either the cylinder is bored and the repair parts are installed, or the entire CPG set is changed. Otherwise, the chainsaw will not develop the required power.
Chainsaw repair is also required if there are problems with the lubrication system. Most often they consist in the absence of oil supply to the chain, as evidenced by the apparent dryness of the latter, or in oil leakage.
Lubricating fluid is either poorly or not at all supplied to the chain, as a rule, due to clogging or complete clogging of the oil supply channels. To identify where the oil flow is blocked, it is necessary to carefully inspect the oil hose and its connection points. In addition, be sure to clean the oil filter.
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If oil leaks, then this indicates a violation of the tightness of the oil channels or hose. As a rule, this is due to mechanical damage. Most often, the unusable hose is removed, and a new one is put in its place. But sometimes a less radical method is used, treating the damaged hose with an appropriate sealant.
Thus, the repair of the Shtil chainsaw, due to the relative simplicity of its design and the fundamental similarity of its power unit with many other internal combustion engines, can be carried out on its own. Moreover, this can be done in ordinary home conditions, without resorting to the help of repair specialists.
The Stihl chainsaw is a tool that is designed for harvesting wood, processing plants, creating landscaping and other household needs. In the event of a breakdown of any parts or failure of the device, you will need to repair the Stihl chainsaw.
The chainsaw must be used according to the operating instructions, then it will last a long time and will not fail. All possible malfunctions of the Stihl chainsaw can be identified and eliminated independently. Consider the main problems that may arise in the components and design of the device, and how to repair the Stihl 180 chainsaw with your own hands.
If you notice that Calm is pouring a candle on the Stihl chainsaw, then a malfunction may have occurred in the fuel system. The engine must run on a mixture of gasoline and oil. If the mixture is lean, then there is a decrease in power, the cylinder overheats and the saw systems wear out. A wet plug on a Stihl chainsaw is due to a disproportionate fuel mixture. Lack of air in the mixture prevents correct combustion of the emulsion.
The use of low quality gasoline can lead to engine wear.
Oil plugging of the spark plug also causes the use of oil for 4-stroke engines and piston wear. If such a malfunction occurs, it is necessary to remove the gas tank cap and adjust the fuel supply. The air intake should be repaired. The clogged filter must be blown out with air, or it is better to replace it. How you can clean the filters is described in the instruction manual for the chainsaw.
It will be possible to determine the quality of the mixture using a spark plug insulator. If a brown color appears on it, this means that the quality of the mixture is normal.White color or soot indicates a poor or over-enriched composition of the mixture.
The candle is the cause of oiling. Interruptions in spark formation are observed when the gap is incorrectly set. In the instructions for the repair and operation of the device, the distance between the contacts of the spark plug is given. If you do not have such data, then you can set 0.7-1 mm.
If the gap is smaller, then the efficiency of ignition of the mixture decreases, if it is larger, then interruptions in the formation of a spark occur. To eliminate the over-enrichment of the mixture, the motor is purged. In this case, you need to remove the candle and turn the crankshaft several times with a manual starter.
When repairing a chainsaw, you will notice that no oil gets on the chain. If the chain is not lubricated, then there are interruptions in the lubrication system. There are such malfunctions:
The chain is dry, light in color.
The chain stretches too quickly.
The tire is too hot and the paint has melted on it.
Oil does not drain in the tank.
With a sharp chain, the saw has become worse to cut.
Such signs indicate that there has been a violation of the lubrication process. To check the oil supply to the lubrication unit, you need to remove the tire and turn on the chainsaw. Then increase the speed and observe the end point of the oil line. If the oil is running, it means that its volume is not enough for proper lubrication. If there is no supply, you need to clean the filter. You should also adjust the oil flow. In the absence of malfunctions, further diagnostics and do-it-yourself repairs are required. If it turns out that the substance is not being supplied, then the oil system is repaired.
Consider the main malfunctions and methods for their elimination:
Broken oil hose. This can be seen on examination. In this case, the hose must be replaced.
If there is no thread on the shaft of the oil pump, then it should be replaced.
If there are defects in the thread, then it must be replaced.
If there is no main shaft corkscrew, then a nail of the same diameter can be installed in its place.
The filter might be clogged. This happens frequently with the Stihl MS 180. You can wash it off with gasoline. If this does not correct the problem, then the filter should be replaced.
The Stihl 180 chainsaw often has a depressurization of the oil line. This occurs where the oil line from the tank is inserted into the tool body. A breakdown can be detected by oil leaks at the bottom of the saw.
To fix the problem, you need to remove the saw handle, pull out the hose. After that, you need to clean the hose. Then apply sealant to it and place it in the tool body.
If the chainsaw does not start, then the cause may be a breakdown of the ignition and engine start unit. If, when measuring the gap between the module and the flywheel, no deviations are found, then the spark plug should be checked. It is pulled out of the shaft and the gap is measured. If fuel enters the combustion chamber and there are no breakdowns in the ignition system, then the carburetor is faulty.
If the saw does not maintain idle speed, then the following may have happened:
clogged filter;
violation of the ignition system;
the carburetor has deteriorated;
parts of the motor are deformed.
For self-repair, you need to follow these steps:
Flush or replace fuel hose.
Clean the filter.
Check the quality of gasoline and oil.
Check the operation of the carburetor and spark plugs.
When the Stihl chainsaws are repaired, they will work correctly.
If the saw is not gaining momentum, then this could lead to:
faulty engine;
cylinder wear;
failure of piston rings;
breakage of the spark plug;
coil malfunction;
unbalanced carburetor screws.
If, after testing, no defects are found, then the carburetor is checked.
In order to repair the device, it must first be disassembled. You need to remove the side cover, saw chain and bar. Then clean the instrument, blow it out with a compressor and clean all the assemblies with a brush. Then remove the handle. To do this, remove the plugs from the shock absorbers using a screwdriver. After that, remove the shock absorbers and the handle.
Then the starter is removed.Remove the housing cover and unscrew the starter screws. The part is removed. Then remove the flywheel by unscrewing the nut that holds it, unscrew the flywheel nut. You need to twist to the left. Remove the flywheel. Then dismantle the clutch, oil pump drive and carburetor.
After that, the motor is removed and disassembled. It is held in place by 4 screws on the bottom of the saw. You need to unscrew them and remove the motor. Then the engine itself is disassembled. Unscrew the crankcase screws, remove it. Then dismantle the crankshaft, oil seals, bearings and piston rings. At the end of the disassembly, repairs and troubleshooting are performed.
After repair, the tool will need to be reassembled. To do this, install the piston on the connecting rod. The arrow on it should look along the chain, and to the left of the piston there will be the side of the crankshaft in which you want to mount the flywheel. They put the piston in the cylinder. Install the bearings, seals and circlip into the cylinder. After that, degrease the place of fixing the crankcase and install it in its place. When reassembling, observe the reverse sequence for dismantling.
Remove the drive sprocket before unscrewing the clutch. Remove the corkscrew washer and remove the sprocket and needle bearing. Unscrew the clutch. Remove the baffle plate and pump.
Chainsaw sprocket replacement is needed when:
jams the movement of the chain;
the drive sprocket has worn out.
To replace, you need to remove the chain saw sprocket. The sprocket teeth must not deviate from the required dimensions, otherwise the saw operation will be accompanied by vibration, which will lead to damage to the crankshaft and bearings. The lifespan of the sprocket is 2 times that of the chain. Use 2-3 chains until the cutting surface is abraded. After that, change the asterisk. It is located behind the clutch. Remove the clutch cover.
Remove the bar, chain, and clutch. But first you need to fix the crankshaft. Then the stripper is placed in the hole of the sleeve and turned clockwise. Remove the clutch. There is an asterisk behind it. Now it is being dismantled. If it is defective, it is replaced.
Consider how to change the oil pump. If the element leaks, then the gasket between the two parts should be renewed. If this part of the oil pump is not damaged, then it must be wiped and put back. Now they check the hose. There should be no cracks on it. If the hose is damaged, replace it. Then the outlet channels are cleaned with a compressor.
Let's consider how the diagnostics and replacement of the piston group is carried out. It is necessary to check the condition of the cylinder and the degree of piston wear. After dismantling the motor, unscrew the pallet, remove the crankshaft with the piston from the cylinder. Unscrew the piston pin stoppers. If the piston is defective, it must be replaced. Retaining rings are fixed with a cut down. Before installing the piston group in the cylinder, the piston is lubricated with oil. Before installing the crankcase, degrease its surface and apply a sealant.
It is necessary to set the ignition on the chainsaw. The ignition is adjusted as follows:
turn out the candle and evaluate its appearance;
specify the distance between the magnets and the coil (up to 0.2 mm);
check the spark.
The carburetor is adjusted on a warm engine. If the engine fails to tune, the carburetor stuck could be the cause of excess gasoline in the mixture. To remove the part, it is necessary to unscrew the fastening nuts, disconnect the ignition and the rod from the engine control lever. Then the lever is removed. Then you can remove the filter and carburetor.
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The muffler is secured with two nuts. You need to untwist them and pull the muffler towards you. Then the screws of the coil are unscrewed and dismantled. At the Stihl saw, the carburetor has 1 idle speed adjustment screw. If the idle speed is violated, then the carburetor needs repair. This is a complex process and difficult to do on your own. Contact a repair shop.
Remove the side cover. Inspect the inside of the protective casing.If there is no damage, check the launch unit. Unscrew the starter bolt and remove the spring. Diagnose a pulley with a cord. If the rope is intact, then each part of the launch mechanism is checked:
The starter cord is made of synthetic material and will gradually wear out. If it is damaged, cracked or torn, it must be replaced.
It would seem, why does a chainsaw need a summer resident who grows vegetables and fruits, or the owner of a country house who has a small garden and several flower beds? The question disappears when there is a desire to build a bathhouse, update a greenhouse, throw down an old business, or just make a bench for relaxation. Unfortunately, any mechanism periodically needs prophylaxis and replacement of spare parts, and for this you need to be well versed in the device of the product, besides, repairing the chainsaw with your own hands will save time and money.
All chainsaws are similar in structure, regardless of whether they are European (ECHO, Stihl, Husqvarna) or domestic (Kedr, Ural). The main elements are located inside the body - the fuel tank and the engine, and outside the starter, the handle, the saw part (tire) with the chain. A sharp jerk in the cable starts the engine, which starts the saw blade.
To begin with, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the video clips that show how the chainsaw works and how it works:
From time to time, the saw malfunctions, which require disassembly to eliminate. What can happen to such a simple mechanism as a chainsaw? At least the following:
Stops getting started;
Starts up, but soon stops;
Ceases to function in the cut;
Loses its power;
Most of the malfunctions are associated either with interruptions in the operation of the engine (fuel supply system, exhaust system, ignition, cylinder-piston part), or with malfunctions of other systems and assemblies (clutch, chain brake, tire, lubrication system). Let's consider the most common breakdowns and techniques for their elimination.
A serviceable chainsaw starts with one jerk and does not fail in the cut
The first thing to do if a chainsaw breaks down is to inspect the spark plug by disconnecting the wire and carefully unscrewing it with a special key.
The components of the chainsaw ignition system: 1 - flywheel with magnets, 2 - ignition module, 3 - spark plug, 4 - high voltage wire
Unscrew the spark plug to check its condition.
Her appearance says a lot:
Dry. Most likely, the fuel mixture does not enter the cylinder. It's not about the ignition system, so the plug is screwed back in.Strongly splashed with fuel. The reason for the excess fuel mixture lies either in the violation of the starting rules, or in the incorrect adjustment of the carburetor. The spark plug is carefully wiped, shut off the fuel supply and turn on the starter - to remove excess fuel and ventilate the combustion chamber. Then the candle is put in place and the mechanism is started again.Covered with black carbon. This may indicate the use of low-quality oil, an incorrectly adjusted carburetor, or an incorrectly calculated gasoline to oil ratio. The candle should be washed, cleaned of carbon deposits with a sharp object (awl or needle), wipe the electrodes with a sandpaper and put in place.When checking the candle, you need to pay attention to the gap between the electrodes: it is considered normal from 0.5 to 0.65 mm. A damaged or worn gasket must be replaced.
A large amount of black carbon on the spark plug indicates a malfunction of the engine.
To be sure, you should also check for a spark. To do this, put the ignition cable on the spark plug, connect the plug nut and the cylinder with pliers, start the starter and watch for the spark. If it is missing, the plug must be replaced. If the new spark plug also does not emit sparks, the problem is in the high-voltage wire or in the broken connection with the spark plug.
Fuel may not enter the cylinder for the following reasons:
Dirty fuel filter. Remove the fuel hose and check how the fuel flows. If the jet is weak, the filter may need to be cleaned. It is taken out through the filler hole of the fuel tank and cleaned; in case of severe contamination, it is replaced with a new one. As a preventive measure, it is recommended to replace the fuel filter every three months.Clogged breather (holes in the fuel tank cap). It is also checked by disconnecting the hose, in case of blockage, clean it with a needle.Lack or insufficient amount of fuel. There may be several reasons for the malfunction. The first reason is a clogged air filter. Air ceases to flow into the carburetor in the required amount, in this regard, due to a too rich fuel mixture, engine operation is disrupted. The contaminated filter is carefully removed, cleaned and washed in water, then dried and reinstalled.Another reason is improper adjustment of the carburetor. The adjustment is made with three screws.
Timely replacement of the fuel filter ensures full fuel supply
The fuel hose and choke actuator must fit snugly on the fittings
The throttle lever cable must be in place
During work, you must use the instructions, otherwise you can only make it worse.
And the last reason is a violation of the integrity of the membrane or clogging of the carburetor channels.
To repair the carburetor yourself, you need to get acquainted with all its parts.
All parts must be clean, dry and in good condition.
If the engine works fine at low speeds, and at high speeds it starts to stall, the reason may lie in the spark arrester of the muffler, clogged with combustion products.
remove the muffler;
disassemble (there are also non-separable models);
remove carbon deposits using detergents;
dry with a hairdryer;
install in place.
Dry cleaning is unacceptable, as the soot contains carcinogens, the inhalation of which is hazardous to health. After removing the muffler, cover the outlet with a clean cloth.
Interruptions in the operation of the chainsaw signal a possible clogging of the muffler
To avoid clogging of the muffler, it is necessary to monitor the composition of the fuel mixture. The amount of oil should not exceed the rates recommended by the manufacturer. Poor oil quality also negatively affects engine performance.
Often the engine will not start or run at full capacity due to low cylinder pressure. It can be caused by piston or cylinder wear, piston ring sinking, bearing wear. You can partially examine the state of the cylinder-piston group (CPG) by removing the muffler and looking into the opened hole.
A compressor placed in the spark plug hole will help to measure the compression in the engine - according to the measurement results, you can also talk about the state of the CPG. Accurate data is obtained only after complete disassembly of the mechanism. If the piston is chipped or scratched, it must be replaced. The piston ring must be clean, free of carbon deposits, and be exactly in place.
Piston and crank mechanism wear is considered a serious problem.
According to the results of measuring the compression, one can judge the condition of the parts of the CPG
Let's consider three main faults:
Oil leakage. Check that the pipes are tightly connected to the pump unions and that they are not cracked. Problem tubes are sealed with sealant or replaced.
Insufficient oil supply. Most likely, the lubrication passages are clogged.
Cracks in the oil pump housing. Part needs to be replaced.
Here's how to diagnose the lubrication system:
The chain brake often does not work due to clogging of grease or sawdust in the brake band and the space under the cover. All parts should be cleaned from blockages. Perhaps the tape is simply worn out, then it needs to be replaced.
The chain brake is restored by mechanical cleaning
Some parts of a chainsaw will wear out faster than others.These include the drive sprocket, bar, chain, anti-vibration elements. For quick replacement, it is best to always have spare parts on hand. Sharpening the chain should not be neglected.
designed for inexperienced users so that the operation of this tool is as easy as possible. This chainsaw is lightweight and convenient to use, and also has a low cost, due to which it is in great demand among the population. With intensive use of the tool, wear of the parts occurs, which leads to the occurrence of tool malfunctions. Some of the most common and typical faults can be corrected by hand at home.
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For troubleshooting chainsaw you need to have the appropriate tools. This list should include the following tools:
set of wrenches;
set of socket wrenches;
Screwdriver Set;
needle.
Before proceeding with the troubleshooting of the chainsaw, you need to accurately establish the causes of the malfunction and localize the place of failure ... Since the chainsaw has an internal combustion engine, it is logical to assume that the main malfunctions will be associated with this particular device. Most often during the operation of the saw, the following malfunctions occur:
malfunctions of the ignition system;
malfunctions of the fuel system;
malfunctions of the cylinder and piston group;
muffler malfunctions;
Malfunctions not related to engine operation are also common. These include the following malfunctions:
brake and clutch malfunctions;
malfunctions of the chain lubrication system;
breakage of the starter cord;
wear of the drive sprocket.
Troubleshooting engine operation should be started by checking the level of gasoline in the fuel tank. If the fuel level is normal, we start to check basic chainsaw systems .
The engine will not start;
the engine starts, but stalls almost immediately;
the engine is unstable;
does not develop full power or stalls.
Checking the ignition system start by inspecting the spark plug. The plug must be clean, free of carbon deposits and not filled with a fuel mixture. The gap between the electrodes should be 0.5–0.65 mm. The carbon deposits from the candle can be cleaned off with a sharp awl; the electrodes should be cleaned with fine sandpaper.
Launch problems can also occur due to damage to the spark plug gasket or wear. Next, we check the spark plug. To do this, you need to connect a high-voltage wire to it and, holding the candle with pliers with insulated handles, attach it with a thread to the cylinder. Pulling the starter cord to check for a spark. If there is no spark, then the spark plug should be replaced. If there is no spark on the new candle, then the problem should be looked for in the high-voltage wire.
spark plug ... So, if the spark plug remains dry during inspection, then this indicates that the fuel mixture does not enter the cylinder. The most common cause is a clogged fuel filter. For repairs, you need to remove the fuel hose from the carburetor and see how the fuel runs. If the trickle is weak, remove the fuel filter through the fuel filling hole and clean it. If the filter is heavily soiled, it is recommended to replace it with a new one.
Another common problem is clogged breather ... The breather is a small hole in the gas tank lid; you need to use a needle to clean it. An insufficient amount of the fuel mixture may be due to a clogged air filter, in which case the air does not flow in the required volume, fuel mixture turns out to be too rich, which leads to unstable engine operation. To eliminate the malfunction, the filter must be removed, thoroughly rinsed and dried and reinstalled.
If these methods do not help to fix the problem, then there may be a problem with improper carburetor adjustment. Carburetor adjustments should be carried out with clean air and fuel filters. On most carburettors, adjustments are made using three special screws: maximum rpm, minimum rpm and idle adjustment. Maximum speed screw denoted by the symbol H, it controls the main jet. Screw L is designed to adjust the minimum speed and controls the idle jet. The S screw is used to fine-tune the idle speed.
Sometimes in carburetors there is two adjustment screws , which is done to simplify the setup. Exact carburetor setting data you need to take from the operating instructions, but it is better to entrust this operation to specialists, since this is a very difficult and responsible job.
the engine does not develop full power or will not start, the problem may be insufficient cylinder pressure. This can be due to cylinder wear, crankshaft bearings, and piston ring sinking due to piston wear. If you remove the muffler from the calm, you can visually assess the condition of the cylinder and the piston group by looking into the hole from the muffler. The overview will be small, but you can get an idea of the state of the cylinder and piston.
For a more accurate diagnosis, you can use a compressometer, which is installed in the spark plug hole. By turning the starter, we determine cylinder pressure ... The pressure with a working CPG should be about 8-9 atmospheres. A decrease in pressure leads to a decrease in the power of the calm engine. To determine the complete picture of the state of the CPG, it is necessary to completely disassemble the engine by disconnecting the crankcase from the cylinder and inspecting the piston. To perform this work, you need to study the design of the calm 180 chainsaw; it is also recommended to watch videos of this work on the Internet. Reassemble the engine upside-down.
exhaust outlet and, as a consequence, the engine does not reach its maximum rpm. The reason may be excess oil in fuel , as well as unsuitable or low-quality oil. To eliminate the malfunction, the muffler must be removed, cleaned of carbon deposits and washed with detergents.
malfunctions in the chain brake ... Most often, the space under the gearbox cover is clogged or the brake band wears out. In case of clogging, remove the cover and thoroughly clean the interior. Repair in case of wear of the brake band consists in its replacement.
Often, oil leaks are visually visible in the chain drive unit, which leads to incorrect operation of the calm. To eliminate the problem, you need to check the quality of the connection of the oil pump fitting and the tube, inspect them for cracks. If cracks are found, the parts must be replaced or sealed with sealant. If there is not enough oil on the chain, then it is necessary to clean the channels for supplying lubricant, which happens quite often.
If the chain spins almost constantly on the chainsaw, while the engine sometimes runs unstable, then the fault should be looked for in the clutch. It could be a broken spring, or a piece of the clutch cam could break off.The malfunction can be eliminated by replacing this unit.
During the operation of the chainsaw, parts wear out unevenly. To maintain the functionality of the device, it is necessary to timely replace worn parts, such as a chain, leading sprocket , bus and others. In this case, the Stihl 180 chainsaw will work trouble-free for a long time.
