Sewing machine podolsk 132 do it yourself repair

Details: sewing machine podolsk 132 DIY repair from a real master for the site my.housecope.com.

The most widespread household sewing machine, despite the 21st century, the age of electronics, is the Podolsk sewing machine, class 2M. A simple, old sewing machine with a manual, sometimes a foot drive, and even less often an electric drive. You can buy such a machine for a purely symbolic price, since they are morally outdated for a long time, and their repair will sometimes cost more than the cost of a Podolsk sewing machine. However, many people still use such machines and there are a lot of reasons for that.

One of the main advantages of the Podolsk sewing machine is that many performance characteristics are not inferior to some modern sewing machines, and in most cases they are superior.

You can easily sew jeans or sew a thick patch of leather on a Podolsk sewing machine, which cannot be said about modern seamstresses.
Since the device and instructions for all models of straight stitching machines of the Podolskaya type, even imported ones, are practically the same, there are almost no problems with spare parts. They can always be bought at any flea market. But, as a rule, you don't have to buy anything, since metal parts practically do not break. This applies only to manual sewing machines Podolsk, performing only one straight stitch. The PMZ plant also produced other models of sewing machines for zigzag stitching - Podolsk 142; 132 and others. These are full zigzag machines and they are discussed in other articles, for example, the Chaika Sewing Machine.

Another advantage of such a sewing machine is that most of the “breakdowns” are associated with an incorrectly installed needle and upper threading. That is, there is practically no need to repair this car, only a preventive inspection and lubrication are required.

Video (click to play).

To repair it yourself, set up the Podolsk car, sometimes it is enough to put the needle correctly. It would seem a simple matter, but some seamstresses really cannot do it correctly, and sometimes they call the master, believing that the machine is broken.

In almost all Podolsk machines and its imported counterparts, the needle is inserted as shown in the figure. The needle blade on which the hook nose runs should be on the left and the long thread groove on the right. But keep in mind that in some machines, especially the first models, the needle is put the other way around.

To make sure how to properly insert the needle into the sewing machine, remove the stitch plate and turn the handwheel while observing the hook point. On which side of the needle it will pass, on that side there should be a blade. You need to thread the thread from the side of the long groove of the needle.
Stick a small diagram of the position of the needle with tape on the body. You may know how to insert the needle correctly, but your schoolgirl daughter will definitely put it wrong.

Of course, sometimes breakdowns occur with such a machine, but most often they are associated with the weakening of the fasteners of the nodes or the curiosity of "home" craftsmen who disassemble the nodes of the machine completely. In such cases, it is much easier to buy a “new” car on the ad than to repair it.
The only thing you can do with your own hands is to tighten the fastening of the nodes (B) at the bottom of the machine platform (M - lubrication points).

But before you start renovating sewing machine Podolsk, the shuttle section and other mechanisms should be cleaned from the lint: the rack, the shuttle course, the bobbin case, the grooves in which it rotates and other connections.
Remove all easily removable parts: front cover, throat plate, presser foot, needle, etc. Disassemble the shuttle stroke.
Remember how to put everything back together or make a sketch, diagram. The Podolsk sewing machine has no superfluous parts - they all have their own purpose.
The best way to clean is with a stiff glue brush or old toothbrush.

Now you can check the fastening of the couplings and bushings. These bushings are tapered and are secured against untwisting with a locknut. If there is a strong longitudinal play in the fasteners (this happens), loosen the nut and tighten (to the right) the sleeve with a screwdriver, but not too tightly so that the play decreases, but a small gap remains.

The difficulty lies in not overtightening the mount while tightening the nut. The nut, when tightened, pulls the screw along with it, so hold the sleeve screw in the required position with a screwdriver, and carefully tighten the nut. On the fifth try it turns out well.

After checking all the fasteners, adjusting them (do not adjust them unnecessarily), start lubricating the machine. Here you can already work hard, lubricating all rubbing places and parts.
We recommend filling the oil with a syringe - it is very convenient and economical. When lubricating, it is sometimes necessary to turn the flywheel of the machine, so the oil passes better into small gaps and you will see where else you need to lubricate. Do not forget about the back cover that you removed, there is a lot of things that can and should be lubricated.
Lubricate the front of the machine carefully, although there are a lot of hinges and you really want to spill them with oil. But this part of the machine is in contact with the fabric and it is very offensive when, while sewing, a drop of oil suddenly falls on a light-colored item. For lubrication of the main shaft, there are special holes on the top of the housing.

Look at the condition of the manual drive of the machine. It often happens that all its nodes are loose and not lubricated. Tighten the hub screws (M) and (K) with a large screwdriver. Of course, everything needs to be lubricated abundantly, especially oil should be dripped under these screws, since they also serve as a bushing at the same time.

If the wooden handle dangles, place the lower edge of the sleeve with the handle on a solid metal surface, flare the upper edge of the sleeve with a hammer, but it is advisable to do this by a skilled person, otherwise the handle may be damaged.
Check the attachment of the drive to the body of the sewing machine and tighten with a powerful screwdriver or wrench.

The weakest knot of the Podolsk sewing machine is the thread winding device. Most often, the rubber rim wears out and it is almost impossible to repair it, except to remove it by winding a little thread into the groove.
Be sure to check the attachment of the winder to the machine body (T). Sometimes you have to remove the flywheel to tighten it.

The screw (Y) adjusts the pressure of the rubber wheel to the flywheel. Achieve a position where the wheel engages securely with the flywheel when the lever is lowered and disengages completely when raised. It is best to adjust its position with the bobbin on the shaft, with the thread already wound.
The hole (M) is for lubrication, remember to lubricate the thread winder too.

The most difficult and unfortunately not uncommon case is when the sewing machine does not turn at all, causing bewilderment and a lot of fantasies about such a “breakdown”.
In fact, this is not a breakdown, just the sewing machine was greased with the wrong oil, and sometimes even sunflower oil, confusing the sewing machine with a frying pan.

While they are working on it, it will rotate even on sunflower oil, but after a long standing it turns out that the machine does not turn, it is jammed. Sunflower oil just doesn't dry out easily, turning into glue. Since this is far from a rare case, we give advice on how to remove dried grease.
Remove all possible covers and parts and fill all accessible and inaccessible places with oil. After that, when little penetrates into all nodes and connections, fill in the same places with kerosene and leave the car for at least a day.

After a day or more, remove the flywheel, just pay attention to how the petals (L) of the friction washer are installed (up). Then take a screwdriver and insert it into the slot on the main shaft (Z), and very carefully try to wiggle the main shaft. It is very important not to break the shaft slot, since it is cast iron and its edges easily break off with excessive force. If the shaft does not even move, repeat the kerosene lubrication procedure again, oil is no longer needed. And so on until it starts to move slightly.
When the shaft is already turning, put the drive on and turn the machine idle, constantly adding lubricants and kerosene, until an easy move appears.

Of course, this is not a complete list of all the adjustments and settings that sewing machine Podolsk, but quite sufficient to fix many problems on your own.

We sew knitwear without gaps and looping
Many who tried to sew knitwear on an ordinary sewing machine noticed that the machine often refuses to make a beautiful and even stitch. There are gaps in the knitted stitching, the lower thread loops and sometimes breaks. Why is this happening and how can you fix it?

Decorative stitching in difficult areas
Sometimes it is required to make a perfectly even decorative stitching on a product, but you cannot draw a line with chalk - traces will remain, and there is not enough experience to scribble "by eye". Simple tips on how to sew on “difficult” areas.

Sewing machine needles
Home sewing machine needles are different from industrial machine needles. Their main difference is the saw cut on the flask. Sometimes a needle of an industrial design is installed in a sewing machine in Podolsk, without a saw cut. This leads to knocking during sewing and skips in the stitch.

DIY sewing machine repair
The thread looping in the stitching, as well as the characteristic knock during work, is perhaps the main difference between all models of sewing machines with a zigzag, such as Chaika, Podolsk. In short, the looping in the stitch occurs due to the uneven tension of the thread along its path.

Sewing machine
Sewing machine Podolskaya 142, "Chaika" and numerous models based on these machines are perhaps the most popular models of household sewing machines, despite the abundance of imported household sewing machines in stores. At one time, I had to buy it for a lot of money, and it seemed like recently it was still sewing well, but it just began to twist.

How the sewing shuttle works
The sewing hook for any sewing machine is its main device. The quality of the machine's operation, the absence of gaps, thread breakage depends on the state and setting of the interaction of the needle with the shuttle. The Podolsk sewing machine has a sewing shuttle that differs from machines that perform a zigzag stitch.

Tips for setting up an overlock
Even a household overlock is much more complicated than the Podolsk sewing machine and it is almost impossible to set it up, moreover, to repair an overlock without special knowledge and skills. However, overlock repair or adjustment is not always required, sometimes it is enough just to adjust the thread tension and it will again overcast the fabric with high quality.

Inexpensive Sewing Machine: Pros and Cons
In this article, we will figure out whether such a combination is possible - "an inexpensive and good machine" and how an inexpensive sewing machine that costs 3-4 thousand rubles differs from a machine that costs 30 thousand.

In the 19th century, Georg Neidlinger, the European agent of the Singer firm, proposed to establish the production of sewing machines in Russia. The plant under the leadership of Walter Frank Dixon was built quickly. Provincial Podolsk had a lot of cheap land and labor. The German concern, expanding the production of sewing equipment, opened a plant in Podolsk in 1902.

By 1913, the Podolsk enterprise produced 600,000 cars a year. This is 2500 items per day. They were sold throughout the Russian Empire, were not inferior in quality to imported devices, for poor people they were sold in installments.A network of branded stores was deployed in the country.
After the revolution, the enterprise was nationalized, but, despite the severance of relations with the "head office", the production of equipment did not stop. Only 77 years later, in 1994, Singer resumed cooperation with the Podolsk office.

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The most common apparatus in the Russian Federation is a simple machine with a manual drive, sometimes with a foot pedal; for a long time it was almost the only running car in Russia. Until now, in school workshops, you can see such hand-operated specimens.
The advantage of the "two" is that in terms of power characteristics it is not inferior to modern electronic counterparts. Thick fabrics are sewn neatly and securely.

The model specializes in working with synthetics, silk, linen and wool.

Stitches that can be sewn:
1) Direct
2) Zigzag

Also, the machine is able to embroider and darn. It is possible to use both single-rod and double-rod needles.

The list of threads allowed for use: 1 tex x 3 (No. 30); 16.5 tex x3 (# 40); 13 tex x 3 (# 50): 10 tex x 3 (# 60); 7T5 tex x 3 (No. 80) GOST 6309-73, as well as threads from natural twisted silk No. 65 in accordance with GOST 22665-77.

A simple unit made of steel parts - almost never breaks. Like its predecessor (132), this model sews both in a straight line and in a zigzag. It differs insignificantly from the previous model: improved quality of the metal from which the parts are made and improved design with ergonomics (ease of operation).
142nd requires only periodic maintenance and lubrication; there is a device for winding a thread.

1) Functional check

If a copy of a typewriter fell into your hands (and you can't find others now - only if someone has carefully kept it for several decades in ideal conditions), first of all you need to:
a) Check the shuttle course (cleaning the compartment from the feathers is just a necessary measure);
b) Remove any moving parts that can be removed (including the throat plate and main cover);
c) With a rag or a special brush (with soft metal bristles), go over the teeth, rotation grooves (where most of the dirt accumulates due to oil / grease) and over the bobbin case;

d) No matter how anecdotal it sounds, try to make sure that after reassembling the machine you do not have any extra parts. The peculiarity of the products of the Podolsk factory is that it simply does not have extra parts.
2) How the needle is placed

Many novice seamstresses can "cut off" at this moment, and consider that the machine is irretrievably broken and beyond repair - it often turns out that the needle is simply incorrectly inserted into it.

The schematic figure shows how everything should look like:

3) Lubrication of central units

It is important to follow two rules:
a) Do not forget about hard-to-reach places - connecting joints, inconspicuous grooves, hinges. The main units - the shaft, the drive, almost always have holes into which you can drop special oil (GOST for oils is described in the instructions);
b) The external, visible part of the device just as needs lubrication, as well as the internal (this greatly ennobles the appearance of the machine). Try not to oily areas where the fabric will later be located so that you do not have to throw it away due to greasy stains.
4) Features of the needle bar

Periodically, when working with a coarse fabric, the following happens - due to the specifics of the material, the needle bar moves up and the sewing line begins to break. To prevent this, you need to change the position of the needle. This is done as follows:

5) Drive status test

As you know, when sewing by hand, the drive elements rotate in different directions - the small shaft is clockwise, the large shaft is counterclockwise. On each of them there are screws - bushings, they must be tightly fixed (in case of unscrewing), after having lubricated special. oil. First a large shaft, then a small one.

Sewing machine Podolsk. Instruction and repair

How a sewing machine Podolsk works with a hand and foot drive. How to set up and make minor repairs to such PMZ sewing machines such as Podolsk, Podolsk 142 and other models on your own. Instructions for the care and lubrication of the sewing machine at the PMZ Podolskaya plant.What is the price of a sewing machine Podolsk released 30-40 years ago. These and other questions are outlined in this article.

The most widespread household sewing machine, despite the 21st century, the age of electronics, is the Podolsk sewing machine, class 2M. A simple, old machine with a manual, as a rule, a drive, sometimes a foot drive, and even less often an electric drive. The price for such cars is purely symbolic, and 300 - 500 rubles. the most “red price”, since they are morally outdated for a long time, and their repair will sometimes cost more than it costs. However, many people still use such Podolsk sewing machines of various brands and modifications. And there are a lot of reasons for that.
See also the instructions in the original edition of the PMZ manufacturer:
Podolskaya 2M PMZ - instructions
The Podolsk sewing machine is very reliable and can sew thick fabrics

One of them - many performance characteristics are not inferior to some modern sewing machines. You can easily sew jeans or replace a zipper in a leather jacket on a Podolsk sewing machine, which cannot be said about modern seamstresses. Since the device and instructions for all models of Podolskaya stitching machines, even imported ones, are practically the same, there are almost no problems with spare parts that are sold on any flea market. Of course, we are not talking about models of sewing machines such as Chaika - Podolsk 142; 132 and others. These are machines of a full zigzag and we are talking about them in other articles, for example Repair of the sewing machine Chaika.
2. An incorrectly installed needle will cause a malfunction.

To make repairs on your own, set up the Podolsk sewing machine, sometimes it is enough just to put the needle correctly. It would seem a simple matter, but some seamstresses really cannot do it correctly, and sometimes they call the master, believing that the machine is broken.

In almost all Podolsk machines and its imported counterparts, the needle is inserted, as shown in the figure - the needle blade, along which the shuttle nose passes, should be on the left, and the long thread groove on the right. Attention! On some sewing machines, especially the first models, the needle is placed the other way around. To be sure how to install the needle into the sewing machine, remove the stitch plate and turn the handwheel while observing the hook nose. On which side of the needle it will pass, on that side there should be a blade. It is necessary to thread the thread from the side of the long groove, and you can even stick a small diagram of the position of the needle with tape on the body. You may know how to insert a needle correctly, but your schoolgirl daughter will definitely put it wrong.
3. Check all fasteners and connections of assemblies

Before starting the repair of the Podolsk sewing machine, you should clean the shuttle section and other mechanisms from the fleece: the rack, the shuttle course, the bobbin case, the grooves in which it rotates and other connections. To do this, remove all easily removable parts: front cover, throat plate, disassemble the shuttle stroke, foot, needle. As it follows, remember how to put everything back together, or, if necessary, make a sketch, a diagram. The Podolsk sewing machine has no superfluous parts - everything has its own purpose. The best way to clean is with a stiff glue brush or old toothbrush.

Check the fastening of the couplings and bushings. These fasteners are screw and are secured against self-unscrewing with a lock nut. If there is a strong backlash in the fasteners (this happens), loosen the nut and tighten the sleeve with a screwdriver, but not too tightly and evenly on both sides so that the backlash disappears, but a small, slightly noticeable gap remains.

The trick is not to overtighten the sleeve while tightening the nut. The nut, when tightened, pulls the screw along with it, so hold the sleeve screw in the required position with a screwdriver, and carefully tighten the nut with a wrench. On the fifth try it turns out well.
4. Lubrication is one of the conditions for good operation of the Podolsk sewing machine

After checking all the fasteners and adjusting them (do not adjust them unnecessarily), proceed with the lubrication of the sewing machine. Here you can already work hard, lubricating all rubbing places and parts. We recommend filling the oil with a syringe - it is very convenient and economical. When lubricating, it is sometimes necessary to turn the flywheel of the machine, then the oil passes better into small gaps and you will see where else you need to lubricate. Do not forget about the back cover on the back of the machine that we removed, there is something to lubricate there.
Carefully lubricate the front of the machine, although there are a lot of hinges and you really want to spill them with oil, but this part of the machine is in contact with the fabric and it can be very offensive when a drop of oil suddenly falls on a light-colored item while sewing. To lubricate the main shaft, there are lubrication holes on the top of the housing.
5. The manual drive of the Podolsk sewing machine can be repaired by yourself

Image - Sewing machine podolsk 132 DIY repair

Of course, this is not a complete list of all the adjustments and settings that the Podolsk sewing machine has, but it is quite sufficient to fix many problems on your own.

Working household sewing equipment Podolsk today is not less than half a century. And someone, probably, uses older models of typewriters in business. The offspring of the American plant Singer in Podolsk is distinguished by the highest reliability and durability. However, repairs to the devices are still required from time to time. It is better to replace parts and complex faults with the hands of a master, and minor breakdowns can be corrected on your own, relying on expert advice and video instructions.

Cars Podolsk class 2M or 1M, despite their considerable age, are strong and reliable. The technique is usually hand or foot operated and only produces a straight stitch. The Podolsk sewing machine has a number of inconveniences, but is still relevant. She works with thick and dense fabrics, jacket zippers and leather.

Advice. The old apparatus Podolsk today can be bought for a symbolic price from hand. Full-blooded repairs with the involvement of a master will cost more. Therefore, if you cannot fix the problem yourself, then it is better to buy another typewriter.

Straight stitch parts can also be found at the flea market. Even parts from similar devices from other manufacturers will do. The most common breakdowns of the Podolsk household sewing machine of class 1M and 2M:

the needle is incorrectly installed and the upper thread is threaded;
there are problems with lubrication;
the fastening nodes are loose;
the thread winding knot is worn out;
the manual drive is out of order.

It is the needle that is the key element in the construction of the sewing machine. Malfunctions of this part of the mechanism can be classified as follows:

The needle makes many punctures of the material, including dense and thick ones. It is not surprising that after a certain time it dulls or bends. Indirect signs of this:

the tip breaks through, and does not pierce the surface of the tissue;
loops appear in the line;
the thread breaks from time to time, especially in difficult areas.

In general, experts advise changing the needle regularly, even if the old one is intact. Do not throw away old needles. They will definitely come in handy for sewing products from thick fabrics and leather. Also, don't forget that special needles are sold for jeans, stretch and knitwear.

The second reason for the incorrect operation of the Podolsk machine - incorrect installation of the needle - is not a breakdown. If the machine starts to loop and break the thread, check the following:

The sewing machine contains a household needle, not an industrial needle. The latter is longer and does not have a characteristic cut on the flask. She will sew, but with skipped stitches and hook scratching.
The needle is not inserted correctly. Correct position: blade to the left and long groove to the right.

It would be nice to know exactly how the needle is correctly positioned specifically in your model. Because the pre-war Podolsk machines have a mirror-like needle arrangement. Seamstresses have the following secret on this score:

remove the needle plate;
turn the flywheel slowly and examine the nose of the shuttle;

the needle blade should be on the side where the shuttle will pass;
thread from the side of the long needle groove.

Advice. Have you found the correct needle placement? Draw and glue the schematic directly onto the case. There is always a risk that after a long pause in using the device, you will forget about the nuances or someone else will sit down at the device.

It is better to lubricate the machine with a syringe, the handwheel can be slightly turned. Remember to remove the back cover. Use a special machine tool. Do not lubricate with vegetable oils and similar oils. Over time, they will dry out and jam the mechanisms. If your clipper no longer turns, try cleaning the old grease with the correct oil and kerosene first.

Advice. Be especially careful with the hinges on the front of the clipper that come into contact with the fabric.

Sometimes in the machine it is required to tighten the fasteners and knots. To do this, first disassemble and clean the mechanisms from the hairs with an old toothbrush. Then carefully tighten the nuts while holding the screws with a screwdriver. It is very important not to overtighten them. The same applies to hand drive assemblies.

The thread winding device is the weakest link in the Podolsk machine. A worn rubber gasket is almost impossible to repair. Only thread winding will extend her life. Also, over time, the fastening of the winding mechanism becomes loose. To tighten it, you may need to remove the flywheel shaft.

It is better to disassemble the sewing machine while fixing it on the diagram. Otherwise, the assembly will be delayed, "extra" parts will appear, which Podolsk cannot have.

It is very easy to leave a request for professional repair - fill out the online form or call:

Do you want to learn about the features of the work or repair of your equipment from a professional? Or try to find and fix the problem on your own?

Feel free to ask your questions to our consultant in the heading Question answer - we guarantee the speed and competence of the answer!

Here are some of the questions answered by our experts.

–The upper looper on my sewing machine tangles the thread and breaks it. What could be the problem?
–The looper has failed. Repair is required (replacement or repair of this part), otherwise the sewing machine will tear the thread constantly.

- I have a sewing machine "Podolsk 132". She breaks the thread! What could be the reason?
–To begin with, we recommend that you replace the threads and needles. Sometimes, improper needles and threads will cause the sewing machine to not work properly. If this does not help, the cause should be looked for in the thread advancement mechanism. If so, general machine adjustments will be required.

-Sewing machine "Podolsk" on the "Zigzag Stitch" mode sews either in a zigzag (as expected), then evenly. What is the lack of steam here?
–First, change the needles and threads exactly as instructed by the instructions for your sewing machine. If this does not correct the breakdown, general adjustments will be required.

–Help to set up the Chaika 132-M sewing machine. She has a weak lower grip, the thread in the fabric "loops".
–You need to loosen the lower thread tension in the bobbin case (to do this, unscrew the screw), and also tighten the upper thread tension (regulator on the bed).

-Hello! In my sewing machine Astralux XP-45 (2007), the threads from the bottom are tangled in the stitching, as if there is a weak tension. What they did not do: they both lubricated, and tried to change the tension of the thread, etc. - everything is useless. Can you please tell me if this can be somehow eliminated or should I take her to a specialist?
–It is advisable to thread cotton polystyrene thread # 60-80. Upper thread # 60 and lower thread # 80. Clean the bobbin, lubricate. Set the thread adjuster to the middle position. If this does not lead to a positive result, then a general adjustment of the sewing machine will be required.

Sewing machines do not lose their popularity even in the twenty-first century. Those who were born in the Soviet era remember that from childhood girls were taught to sew various things, from gloves to jackets and coats.

During the Soviet era, most people did their own sewing machine repairs. Even today, those who attend sewing and sewing courses understand that it is better to repair a sewing machine on their own than to take it to a service center:

Firstly, companies that repair sewing machines demand quite a lot of money from their customers for the services they provide.
Secondly, the device of even modern machines can be figured out in a matter of hours, one should only carefully approach this issue, and in the future this will allow repairing sewing machines without involving third parties.

Let's take a look at the basic rules for operating sewing machines:

Sewing equipment should not be placed near batteries or heaters. But at the same time, it should be in a dry room, in which there are no signs of dampness;
Before starting work, it is necessary to select the necessary materials and tools, needles and threads that will be needed in the process of work;
Before you start sewing, you need to make sure that the needle and thread guide are in the up position;
Remember that the sewing machine must be helped at the time of sewing by pulling the fabric towards you;
After the sewing work is finished, raise the presser foot and pull out the fabric. Next, cut the thread, having found a free end in advance, the length of which will be equal to a maximum of seven, but at least five centimeters.

There are rules and they must be followed. The use of quality materials and additional tools minimizes the occurrence of problems and malfunctions when working with sewing machines. Therefore, the following reasons, which led to malfunctions, are the most common:

Broken thread. Breakage can occur both with the upper and lower threads. In the first case, the problem is associated with the selection of low-quality threads or the size of the needle is not correctly selected. In the second case, the problem of a malfunctioning sewing machine may be associated with irregularities, the presence of burrs in the bobbins, and with improper winding of the thread.

Problems with advancing the fabric. If such a problem arises, you need to carefully look at the position of the teeth. If they are lifted up or lowered to the bottom, then it is required to bring them to a normal state;

Cutting through the fabric. If such a problem arises, in order to fix the machine, we need to reduce the pressure of the presser foot, and check the condition of the needle, it may be too dull.

The above problems are not serious, and are eliminated in a matter of minutes. But there are some types of problems that do not occur very often. Therefore, repairing sewing machines with your own hands, if they occur, will take a lot of time.

The most difficult, most serious breakdown should be considered the appearance of a knock when the sewing machine is running. To solve this problem, it is necessary to pull the flywheel several times, and do this in accordance with the axial direction of the machine.

In order to repair the sewing machine, it must be disassembled. We disassemble the sewing machine in the following sequence:

Remove RP (manual drive). It is necessary to remember its location, this will allow you to subsequently assemble a sewing machine in a short period of time;
Unscrew the stopper from the nut, which is a classic screw. It is under a manual drive, at the time of assembly it must be screwed back to its original location;
Remove flywheel. This must be done carefully, avoiding damage to it, in case of a malfunction of the flywheel after assembling the machine, you need to see if everything is in order with it;
Remove the bobbin that looks like a taper.It is located below, after the flywheel. Finding it will not be difficult;
Remove the bushing from the shaft base;
Slide a tin washer onto the shaft. It is very simple to make such a washer, just cut out the bottom of a tin can.

The washer in 40% of cases is a guarantee of high-quality performance of work using a sewing machine. Sometimes adding it to the typewriter is enough to solve the problem, but this does not always happen. When adjusting the operation of sewing machines, in 60-70% of cases, it is necessary to turn the rail 180 degrees.

The needles are the basic elements that make the sewing machine work. Its further work depends on which needle is chosen. If a defective needle is selected, then the occurrence of the above problems is not a rare case, because the needle is the basis, and without it it is impossible to sew a single thing.

Therefore, when choosing a needle, you must carefully consider its size and thickness. You also need to check the needle numbering if you are doing any complicated sewing work, otherwise it may happen that the thing does not turn out the way you imagined it earlier.

There is another problem in which the wrong choice of a needle can lead to stretching and damage to the tissue. If the needle is too thick and the fabric is thin, then you cannot use the needle with such fabric, otherwise it will break.

Using too thick fabric with a small needle may break the needle. In order to sew something from a compacted fabric, you need to choose a thicker needle, if it is not available at home, then go to the store and purchase it. Before doing this, measure the thickness of the fabric in advance - this will allow you to choose a needle in the store in a shorter time, you will need to tell the seller the thickness of the fabric, and he will independently select the needle of the size you need.

What are you going to fix in the sewing machine? With regards to products from the time of Stalin, nothing ... It works to this day. Modern breakdowns will torment, a bunch of settings get confused, requiring correction to get the desired result. We have nothing against progress, but historians consider a society preoccupied with consumption as an intermediate stage. Like a tax on bridges erected by medieval feudal lords to impose tribute on pedestrians. It got to insanity: buildings were built out of the blue for profit. Low-quality things are akin to ancient savagery and will become a thing of the past. Do-it-yourself sewing machine repair is a pleasure! The weak half is strong in needlework, when a strong helper is at home.

In 1953, Clifford Simak's story, The Ring Around the Sun, was released. The meaning of the plot: in orbit there are countless myriads of Earths located in parallel universes. Events developed against the backdrop of the curious invention of the eternal light bulb. Then the ever-mobiles appeared. Clifford described the fall of the consumer society, the goods were bought once, used a whole life, remember Stalin ... A revolution happened, working people, fearing to lose their jobs, began to destroy modernized factories, the most interesting thing was built by people moving between dimensions. In a ring around the sun.

Until 1829, inventions in the field of sewing machines would be called unsuccessful, although Leonardo da Vinci created the first drawings that would be equal to future generations. During the era of manufactories, the French tailor Timonier created a wooden model, which they immediately began to copy and reproduce. One replaced several apprentices. There were massive demonstrations of artisans who saw a threat to existence (I wonder what the rulers will do, if scientists create a computer that makes decisions, can grimace, they will immediately destroy it?). The matter went far: 200 local tailors destroyed the workshop of new mechanical sewing machines, Timonye had to flee, fearing for the safety of his life. Not the first time: the inventor of the loom suffered a similar fate.

The surviving fruits of the technological revolution

During his life, Timonier created a billion modifications of the sewing machine.Some technical solutions are still used by household, industrial modifications. 300 stitches every minute were made by machines, today's electric models are capable of producing three times more. For 200 years! The frequency of computer processors doubles every two to three years (growth has slowed down since 2010). Timonier's sewing machine worked with silk and other delicate fabrics.

In parallel, in 1834, Walter Hunt invented a model with a shuttle, reminiscent of modern ones. By 1848 Elios Howe created the first sewing machine containing the features of the present. The fabric feeder appears. The sewing machine is equipped with a horizontal curved needle, makes 300 stitches per minute, replaces three tailors. The workers of the USA revolted and destroyed the shop. The inventor had to flee, fearing for his life. The last stitch was probably made by Singer. Gives the needle a vertical motion, introducing the modern look of the toothed strips pressed by the foot. In 1900, a workshop in Podolsk was built, where 5000 people worked for the October Revolution. Initially, Singer parts were imported from the United States, then they began to be manufactured in Russia.

Brother, Janome, Bernina, and other brands of sewing machines appeared. People are afraid of change, but change is inevitable. Revolutionaries hinder progress. Imagine if inventors stopped producing promising technologies. Humanity will continue to explore caves and trees instead of cities with multi-storey buildings.

I immediately remembered modern economical light bulbs. I had a chance to talk to an old sewing machine, it became clear, probably, since the time of invention, the technology retained the principle, settings. The quality of the parts was not right. Although they discovered smooth surfaces (nanotechnology), they created strong alloys. A main shaft with a crankshaft is introduced inside. Moving parts of the sewing machine work from it. What will be stated below affects the repair of hand sewing machines:

The needle is directly connected to the shaft. To ensure the forward movement up and down, a crankshaft is held inside. An eyelet is made in the needle where the thread is threaded. When moving down, the fabric is pierced, the loop is captured by the shuttle moving in a circle, in one direction, in the other. For 1 revolution of the main shaft it manages to run back and forth.
The shuttle is driven by a separate shaft connected to the main one by means of a knee. The phase of movement is regulated by a screw. You can rotate the auxiliary shaft relative to the main one. Synchronization of movement is achieved. Let's discuss repairing the sewing machine shuttle.
The third component, which ensures the movement of the fabric along the seam in the desired direction, are the toothed strips. Made of steel, they move like the legs of a person when walking. They go down, go forward, go up, go back. There is one cycle per stitch.

It is important to correctly set the vertical position of the toothed strips. When the needle plunges into the fabric, the top edges of the teeth will be level with the sewing machine table.

Unlike other devices, the toothed strips are driven by two shafts. One is responsible for horizontal movement, the other for vertical movement. The adjustment method is the same. A screwed screw on the axis of the corresponding shaft, which changes the position of the segment relative to the phase of the main shaft. Correct adjustment of the toothed strips is achieved.

It is important to ensure the correct position of the needle in relation to the hook. Remember three landmarks to look up to. Please note: for modern models, the old ones are arranged differently, and adjustment is required once every hundred years (twice since the invention)!

In the lower position, the eye of the needle is 4 - 6 mm below the nose of the vertical hook.
The nose of the hook is compared with the edge of the needle - the distance from the top edge of the nose-hole is 1 mm.
When the top edge of the tab is aligned with the bottom edge of the hook nose, the hook nose should extend 1 mm beyond the needle.

Approximate guidelines, you can use it, decorating the horizon, the need to repair sewing machines with your own hands.

Wise mom instructs daughter correctly

Repairing the electric sewing machine is not the only thing to do. The heel clamp is adjusted so that the fabric stops crawling. Made with a special screw. There is a spring inside, so the setting can be approximate, it will rarely be required. This applies to stitch lengths. For thin fabrics, more frequent are recommended, for thick fabrics, rare. In mechanical machines, the reverse is often turned on with a handle, it is inconvenient when you need to sew a patch, it is better to forget about the inscriptions altogether.

It is much more important to set the upper and lower thread tension correctly. If done incorrectly, a number of unpleasant effects will occur when using a sewing machine:

When the upper thread tension is loosened, there will be loops at the bottom of the seam. It is corrected by a special adjustment mechanism until the result is satisfactory. You can loosen the bobbin thread with the bobbin screw. It is important to know: too little tension is not allowed - the seam will not work at all - too strong - the thread may break. The last two cases are malfunctions, take note.
Pull the upper thread too tight - the fabric begins to pull together. Seen from jagged, billowing edges. You can release the upper thread, pull the lower one. Please note that you should not be too zealous. The pulled thread breaks, as mentioned above.

Ideally, the interweaving of the two threads takes place within the material. When the needle rises from the down position, the loop is caught by the hook. A turn is made, an interlacing is formed. The needle rises, tightens the stitch. If the thread is not inserted correctly, it breaks. YouTube demonstrates a video: a working sewing machine was taken for repair, the master did nothing, took 1,000 rubles, returned the product. Then the situation surfaced, disgruntled clients harassed the guru. The money was returned, accompanied by small verbal parting words.

Video (click to play).

With a blunt, thin needle skipping stitches occurs. The thread number corresponds to the needle number. There is one feature in modern sewing machines that needs to be considered. For each needle, a guide stop was placed under the surface of the table, which did not allow the point to go to the side. The thicker the fabric, the greater the distance to it. Unfortunately, we cannot give any signs of a malfunction, just keep in mind: a similar setting has been noticed. Repair of a foot sewing machine has a special feature: the drive is switched on remotely. Except for the button, there is little difference. Repairing a sewing machine pedal is more akin to carpentry, soldering art.